Mixed compositions t to this. Mixed style
3.3. Color composition and gamma
Color spectrum
Color range is a series of harmonically interrelated shades of color used in creating artistic works. Select warm, cold and mixed gamma.
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Cold color spectrum. This is a gamma obtained by using colors with a cold tint. |
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Warm color spectrum. This gamma is obtained by using colors with a warm tint. |
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Mixed or neutral color gamut. This is an equilibrium in the composition of warm and cold (mixed) or lack of warm and cold (neutral) shades. It is important that the cold or warm shades will not be outweighted. |
Color composition
The composition of color spots, built taking into account all the considered patterns of color harmony, will be limited if it does not serve as the main thing - creating an image.
The composition of the color feature is enclosed in its ability to emphasize the attention of the viewer on the most important detail.
It is very significant for creating a color composition. Its ability to create a lightweight, color tone and saturation of their drawing.
The color composition requires the corresponding rhythmic organization of color spots. The unsystematic journey of a large number of colors, even taking into account their compatibility, creates a variety, annoying and makes it difficult to perceive.
Color composition - This is a combination of color spots (on a plane, volume form or in space) organized by any patterns and designed for aesthetic impression. Depending on the number of colors and shades of the flower composition, the following types of compositions are distinguished.
Monochromia
One color tone is dominated in this composition (+ several neighboring colors perceived as shades of the main). Monochromia variants: color + shift by tone (on a little bit); Color + Achromotic color (white, black, gray); Color + crochet or care.
What expresses the monochrome composition:
§ classic simplicity and clarity of the artistic language (example: ancient Greek painting, red-chicken and black and black vases);
§ strongly directed to a certain degree (example: icon of the Vladimir Mother of God, saved);
§ focus on the inner world (China and Japan painting).
§ old age, vitality extinction, tragedy (Late Titian)
§ simplicity, cycularity and test (examples: heraldry, advertising);
Polar composition
The dominant is a pair of contrasting colors of opposite (polar in color circle): the complementary of the 10-speed circle or a pair of contrasting colors out of 6-, 12-speed. The polar composition is only 2 colors.
What expresses the polar composition :
§ the effect of decorative, which is based on the physiological need of the eye of equilibrate impressions.
§ resets opposition (figure background, big-small, good-evil, female man ...)
§ if the polar colors are saturated and not given to harmony, i.e. dissected with each other, then such a composition is used to achieve conflict, tension, tragedy (expressionist painting)
Three-color composition
The basis of the three-color composition can be:
§ the triad of the main colors in their considerable mix. This is red, green, blue.
§ the triad of the main colors in their subtractive mix. Red, yellow, blue.
§ any three colors at the tops of the equilateral triangle inscribed in the 12-speed circle. (Example: red-orange, yellow-green, blue-purple).
The tricolor composition is considered the most complex type of color composition, because Its harder to harmonize. For perception, it is no less difficult, but nevertheless it is the most optimal type of color composition.).
Multi-Flower
In this color composition, 4 and more chromatic colors dominate. Usually: red, yellow, green, blue. Or two major pairs from a 12-speed circle taken cross-crosswise.
Used:
§ in nature, in the temples, in clothes (especially royal persons, although there are exceptions here)
§ where there is a large number of figures and objects depicted; where they seek to convey the "cospace" of the work, i.e. Where the work serves as a model of the world (temple, frescoes, large multifiguric icons with the image of God, sky, land, dungeon .., housing).
§ where the world is scattered onto the splitting, chaos reigns or cheerful confusion (drunk debolch): fair design, carnival art, etc.
Lightening with a shift to one color tone
This is a synthesis of multi-fission and monochromia (example - landscape painting).
Achromotic composition
It consists of white, black, and intermediate gray shades. It may include small stains of chromotic color. Used to detect shape, i.e. When there is a desire to focus on the form.
Semiotic composition
Gray is replaced with brown.
Questions for self-test for chapter "Color Harmony"
1. What does the term harmony, color harmony mean?
2. Name the basic regulatory theories of color harmony, give them a characteristic.
3. Highlight the basic rules for creating color harmony.
4. What factor determines the quality of color harmony.
5. Name the main harmony of the combination of three colors.
6. Name the main groups of two-color combinations and their subgroups.
7. What is a color scheme? Its main types.
8. Give the definition of the term color composition.
9. Name the main types of color composition and give them a characteristic.
Art, stepping through the fine edge of harmony, should be as part of something strict, clearly defined, unshakable, which will not allow him to make this easy step from mysterious, beautiful to ugly and oblique. This deterrent is the composition, its types, laws, techniques. It is she doing all works of art Such harmonious and finished. In the article, we will analyze this concept, the types of composition, the embodiment of them in various areas of this beautiful sphere.
What is the composition?
In the most general sense of the word, the composition is the main organizing element of absolutely any artistic form. It is his task - to give the creation of integrity and unity, show the idea of \u200b\u200bthe artist understandable and finished, to coenm all the components of the work, fold them into the system.
Formal. The second name is not visual, because It is built from stains and lines. These artistic images cannot exist in reality, do not have practical and rational significance. It is not a plot, meaning, but plastic forms, principles and laws of their construction. Emotions in the viewer here is the artistic form, colors, plastic. Abstract images of such a composition arise from symbols, geometric shapes, simplified images of real objects.
Composition in literature
There are two gradations of the compositions of the composition in the literature. Consider them in more detail.
The first classification is as follows:
- Architectonics, external composition. This is what stand out graphically: separation of the work on chapters, paragraphs and paragraphs, the presence of prologue and epiloga, various footnotes and comments, epigraphs, the author's retreat, and so on.
- Narration, internal composition. The attention is already sharply accepted on the content of the creation: images and their system, the plot, the structure of speech situations, the allocation of strong components of the text - leitmotam, culmination, junction, finals.
The following gradation of species of literary compositions looks like this:
- Thematic. The center is the relationship between the main characters. Additionally, it is divided into a consistent (smooth transition from one thought to another), based on the development and transformation of the image of a literary hero and kept on comparison of images of literary heroes.
- Mirror. When reader reader, the reader has a feeling that some images, episodes are symmetrical.
- Ring (framed). The work begins and ends with the same scene.
- Inverse. Events in the book are developing from the final scene to its origins, reasons.
Types of flower compositions
In conclusion, consider such a type of art as floristics.
Types of color compositions here are the most varied:
- Varieties of arrangements from cut colors: bouquets, compositions in wall, outdoor, desktop, suspended, high, flat and low vases, in special stands, macrame, baskets, spines, tree cortex.
- A bouquet as a composition is divided into a festive and everyday.
- Forms of bakery compositions: round, linear, unilateral, freely assembled, massive, various sizes (5-50 cm).
The composition is an important organizational form in art. It is she who makes any product completed, having a meaning worthy of the emotions of the viewer, the reader. Each of her appearance, as we have convinced that in the visual art, that in the literature, that in floristry has its own unique features, the laws of building the work by the artist.
The graph in the picture on the left means height. The graph in the picture on the right means drop. So it happened. And, accordingly, in the composition, the diagonal line, spent from the bottom lower angle to the right upper, is perceived better than the line conducted from the upper left corner to the right lower.
Closed and open composition
In a closed composition, the main directions of lines tend to the center. This composition is suitable for transmitting something stable, fixed.
The elements in it do not strive beyond the framework of the plane, but as if they are closed in the center of the composition. And the look from any point of the composition strive for this center. To achieve it, you can use the compact location of the elements in the center of the composition, framing. The location of the elements (on the image is geometric figures) so that they all point to the composition of the composition.
An open composition in which the directions of lines come from the center gives us the opportunity to continue mentally the picture and lead it beyond the plane. It is suitable for the transfer of open space, movement.
Rule of golden cross section
The different location of the elements on the plane can create a harmonious or non-harmonic image. Harmony is a feeling and notion of the correct position of the elements is very intuitive. However, you can select several not intuitive rules.
The location of simple geometric shapes on the image on the left looks much more harmonious. Why?
Harmony - This is coherence. A single integer in which all elements complement each other. Some single mechanism.
The biggest such mechanism is the world around us in which all elements are interrelated - animals breathe air, oxygen consumes, exhale carbon dioxide, plants use its carbon and sun energy for photosynthesis, returning oxygen. Some animals feed on these plants, others regulate the amount of fed by plants, feeding them, thereby saving the plants, water evaporates to fall out with precipitation and replenish the reserves of rivers, oceans and so on ...
There is nothing more harmonious than nature itself. Therefore, the understanding of harmony comes to us from her. And in nature, a huge number of visual images obeys two rules: symmetry and rule of golden section.
What is symmetry, I think you know. What is a golden cross section?
Golden cross section It can be obtained if you split the segment into two unequal parts in such a way that the ratio of the entire segment to the most part equal to the ratio of most of the segment to the smaller. It looks like this:
Parts of this segment are approximately equal to 5/8 and 3/8 from the entire segment. That is, according to the rule of the Golden section, visual centers in the image will be located as follows:
Rule three thirds
In this figure, the Rule of the Golden section is not respected, but a feeling of harmony is created.
If we split the plane on which our geometric shapes are located on nine equal parts, we will see that the elements are located at the intersection points of the separating lines, and the horizontal strip coincides with the lower separation line. In this case, the rule of three thirds is valid. This is a simplified version of the Rules of the Golden Section.
Design and composition in design
Design - type of design, interdisciplinary artistic and technical activities on the formation of the objective environment. The purpose of the design is to create a harmonious objective environment that most fully satisfying the material and spiritual needs of a person. The most important two design components: functionality and aesthetics.
Classic types of design:
1) graphic design. Design object are: fonts, pictograms, corporate identity, various visual communications, etc. This is a work on the plane.
2) Industrial design. The design object is: machines, appliances, equipment, furniture, dishes, clothing ... There is already working with the volume.
3) architectural design. The object is: structures and their complexes, including interior design. Working with space.
4) design of the architectural environment. The design object is a complex-dynamic human habitat system, the optimal subject-spatial organization and the imagery of various environmental objects. (in damn! How we were lucky that we do not have anything to do with this type of design!)
New types of design . Two groups are distinguished:
* Design of the sphere: Ekodisine, Ergodesign (the main condition - to meet ergonomic requirements, i.e. convenience of use), futurodesign (design of the future projects, which for any reason can not be applied in the present), applied design, exposure design (exhibitions ), engineering design (various technical facilities, such as bridges).
* Design aimed at the result of work: artydesine (single design objects, like an object of art), barcode, computer design and, finally, our favorite, web design.
Important . Before proceeding with the design of the object, it is necessary to determine its formal qualities: features of the appearance, structural bonds of objects, the purpose of the object. After that, the content of the work is determined, and only after that it is possible to start working on the form. ( unfortunately, inexperienced Web designers are often made on the contrary: find some beautiful website template and the contents of the site are customized under this template.)
Composition in design . This is a construction (structure) of the work, design, location and connection of its parts, due to their layout that meet the appointment and technical idea of \u200b\u200bthe work and its artistic and figurative design, reflecting the emotional and sensual expectations of the consumer of the designer product.
The essence of the work on the composition is to expand the artistic side of the product, achieving comprehensive unity and ordering through the use of composite agents.
The essence of the concept of "composition"
The composition is the connection of various parts into a single whole, in accordance with any idea that combined together is a certain form. The term "The composition is applied in two aspects: 1) This is a targeted construction of a artistic work due to its content, character and purpose. 2) This is the most important organizing element of the artistic form, which gives the work of harmonious unity and integrity, coencing its components to each other and the whole, speaking as An attribute of the artwork.
Essence of the concept of "harmony"
Harmony, translated from Greek, this consonance, consent, the opposite of chaos. Harmony means a high level of orderliness and meets the aesthetic criteria for excellence and beauty. Regarding the composition, harmony is understood as its formal characteristic.
The essence of the concept of "formality"
Formal composition . The form is interrelated with the content, but it is possible to separate the form from the content by replacing realistic objects with formal (or abstract), but so that the formal composition expresses the idea and artistic and figurative idea through:
Characteristics and properties of the elements of the composition
Through the structural organization of the elements of the composition
3 main types of composition : Frontal, volumetric, volumetric.
Frontal . Distribution of elements in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Include plane compositions and relief.
Volume . Distribution of the element by height coordinates, width and depth.
Volumetric . Consists of several volumetric compositions located in space at certain intervals.
Conditions on which the preservation of the front of the composition depends :
1) a certain relationship between vertical and horizontal sizes.
2) Frontality depends on the silhouette of the plane.
3) depends on the nature of the elements in depth.
4) surface texture, color ...
Elements of the composition
3 main elements: point, line, stain.
The point and the line have no properties ( in addition to one: if the point is to increase to certain sizes, it turns into a stain, and vice versa)
Classification of spin properties:
Physical : values \u200b\u200b(sizes and proportions), plastic (shape and structure), surface properties of spots (color, texture, texture, etc.)
Subjective : (consist of physical combinations): expressiveness / inexpressiveness, static / dynamism.
Placing elements
The degree of contact of the elements of the composition :
* Complete ability.
* Meaning (logical) links.
* Physical contact or obvious ties.
* Physical contact with the merge of the group, monolith.
Composite axis - These are invisible axes of the composition (power lines) on which elements are located. The axes detect the image structure and ensure the interaction of the elements and the integrity of the composition.
Placing the frontal composition : Plane and illusory-spatial.
In the planar embodiment, the elements of the two-dimensional and do not overlap on each other. In the illusory-spatial embodiment, the volume elements are superimposed on each other and the prospect is added.
Depending on the placement, the following types of compositions are distinguished: closed (nothing goes beyond the visual perception of the composition), unlimited (it means continued composition outside visual perception)
Laws composition
Basic laws of composition: integrity and unity, equilibrium, coented.
Wholeness . By compliance with this law, the work is perceived as a single indivisible whole, and not as the sum of the scattered elements. The composition acts as a system of internal connections, combining all components of forms and contents into a single integer. In the composition, all elements are given to harmonious orderliness. Those. There must be integrity of the form and integrity between the elements of forms.
The main features of the law of integrity:
1) the indivisibility of the composition, or the impossibility of perceiving it as the sum of the scattered elements. Individivity is laid through a constructive idea
2) the need for communication and mutual consistency of all elements of the composition ( meant the need to track how these elements go together and are not separated from each other).
Equilibrium . This is a state of composition, in which all elements are balanced among themselves. The balanced parts of the whole acquire visual stability. Basically, the equilibrium is reduced to the balance of expressiveness. Static and dynamic equilibrium.
Static. This state of the composition, in which the elements balanced among themselves generally impress its unstable immobility.
Dynamic. This state of the composition, in which the elements balanced to each other produce the impression of its movement and internal speakers.
Sports and equivalence of elements . Sports is the allocation of the Center for Composition (Dominant), which are subject to all other elements ( moreover, not just obey, but increase its significance), Ie in the composition arises hierarchy. The hierarchy may contain the second order dominants (accents). Depending on the number of dominant levels, two degrees of hierarchy between the elements are isolated: 1) two-level (dominant and secondary [-th] elements or dominant and accent). 2) Three-level (for example: dominant, accent and secondary elements).
The composition center depends on :
1) its magnitude and the magnitude of the other elements.
2) positions on the plane. Empty space is organized around the element, and all others come closer. And the main element indicates the secondary lines.
3) Forms of an element that differs from the form of other elements.
4) the textures of the element that differs from the texture of other elements.
5) colors. By applying a contrasting (opposite color) to the color of secondary elements (bright color in a neutral medium, and vice versa; chromatic color among the achromatic; warm color with a common cold range of secondary elements; dark color among light).
6) Studying element. The main element is more worked out than minor.
7) illumination of the element.
Fixed assets composition
* Contrast
* Identities
* Symmetry
* Asmetry
* Proportionality
* Scale
Contrast
This is a sharp difference in elements, objects, forms, etc. For the following categories: size, shape, tone, color, attitude to space, etc. Allocate:
One-dimensional contrast . There is a difference in one category.
Multidimensional contrast . There is opposition to several categories.
A feature of the contrasting composition is the activity of its visual impact.
Nuance
These are insignificant differences in the elements in the composition according to the same categories. Also isolated a one-dimensional and multidimensional nuance. In the nuance forms more similarities, and the difference goes on a little bit.
Identity
This is the repeat elements of the same, similar to its qualities (size, shape, tone ...).
Requirements for the identity composition: 1) the element should be simple, expressive, beautiful. 2) The ratio of the identical element to the space should be observed.
Symmetry
This is the identity arrangement of elements relative to the point, axis or plane of symmetry, perceived by the eye as a special type of equilibrium ordering and harmony.
Types of symmetry : Mirror, axial, mirror-axis, spiral.
Mirror . This is a symmetry in which the elements of the composition are located at the same distance from the symmetry plane and when they are applied to each other, their figures coincide over all points, i.e. One figure mirrors repeats the other.
Axial symmetry . This is symmetry relative to the axis, the crossing line of two or more planes of symmetry. (In the axial symmetry itself, the element must have an asymmetrical structure!)
Mirror-axis or mixed . There are two types of such symmetry: 1) When in one product is combined and mirrored and axial symmetry. 2) When the axial symmetry with a symmetric structure of the elements is taken.
Screw symmetry . The element is simultaneously rotating and progressive movement around the axis. ( Only for bulk bodies)
Asymmetry
This is an option of a composition at which the combination and location of the elements, axes, planes of symmetry is not observed. This absence, or violation of symmetry (dossimmetry).
Rhythm
This is the alternation of any elements in a certain sequence. ( tact, dimension, measuring flow) The most important sign of the rhythm is the repeatability of elements (forms) and intervals between them. Rhythmic repeats can be: uniform, decreasing or increasing. Depending on this, repeatability can be of two types: static and dynamic.
Static rhythm . It consists of elements repeated through the same interval. Rows may be simple and complex.
1) A simple row is based on the repetition of the same element with the same interval. ( See Fig.1)
2) A complex row is formed by a combination of simple. By the method of alternation is divided into:
Alternation at the same intervals. ( See Fig.2)
Fig.2
Alternation of equal elements with unequal intervals ( See Fig.3)
Fig. 3.
A row with alternating unequal elements (see Figure 4)
Fig.4
Dynamic rhythm . This is a row in a promising increase or decrease in the size of the elements and intervals, or those and others at the same time. The development of dynamic series can occur on arithmetic (the difference between any two adjacent elements is constantly maintained, see Fig. 5) or geometric (the value of each subsequent interval is equal to the magnitude of the previous one multiplied by a constant number, Fig.6) of progression.
Fig.5
Fig.6.
(fig. 5.6 shows the progression of intervals, building the progression of the size of the elements occurs in the same principle).
Important! There must be more than 6 elements in the row, because fewer elements do not make up a number.
Of all the signs of form, the most significant for the rhythmization are (in descending order):
2) Interval
3) Color (Svetlota)
Rhythmic ranks are perceived in the direction of large elements to the smaller, from dark to light, from small intervals to large.
Modularity
The module is a universal design tool, although there is still no intelligent explanation to him. The module is the value taken as the basis for calculating a subject. The main feature of the module: multiplicity to a whole piece ( those. This one and the same element, which, and combining different combinations, can be obtained different forms, example: parquet, tile on the sidewalk). The module is: plane, relief (ceramics, gypsum) and volumetric. Consider the main requirements for the module:
1) Easy. The module must be simple, because It is part of a whole work.
2) integrity.
3) expressiveness.
4) The module must allow combining various work options.
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