How to make a staircase with your own. Production of wooden stairs, on a metal frame and on concrete marches do it yourself for a private house

Wooden staircase makes it quite simple enough. However, there are a number of nuances, which depends on the convenience and even the safety of movement. I will talk about all the subtleties of the construction of a wooden design so that you do not allow errors in the process.

All the work on the manufacture of the ladder can be consecrated into two main stages:

Design;
Build construction.

Design

The staircase is a rather complicated design, so it is simply impossible to make it high quality without a detailed project, especially newcomer. The design process can be divided into three main stages:

Step 1: Definition type design

All existing types of stairs can be divided into two types:

Screw. The peculiarity of such structures is that they contain only running steps located around the central pillar. It is advisable to use them if there is a minimum space in the room.
Keep in mind that such stairs are uncomfortable in operation, as well as quite complex in the manufacture. Therefore, I would not recommend novice to take for the construction of a screw staircase;

Movie.These stairs have smooth marches (staircases). They are more comfortable and safe in operation. However, keep in mind that the marching stairs occupy more space indoors.

The marching stairs in turn are divided into several subspecies:

Single-one.Consist of one direct staircase;
Swivel with running steps. May have several staircase spans, between which the swivels are located (running steps);

Swivel with staircases.Between the marches of these stairs are equal platforms. Such stairs are more convenient to use, but take more space indoors;

"Duck step". The peculiarity of these stairs is the steps of the paddle-shaped form, which are pairwise installed in the opposite direction. As a result, you can become only one foot to the step, hence the name of their name.

Such stairs are less convenient, but they can be very cool, i.e. The angle of inclination may exceed 40-45 degrees.

Select the type of design follows depending on the conditions in the room and your requirements. If there is little space, you can make a "duck step" type staircase, which requires a minimum area of \u200b\u200bthe floor of the first floor. If pensioners or little children live in the house, it is better to sacrifice space, but to make a swivel staircase with marching sites.

Stage 2: Calculate the stairs

At this stage, you need to decide on the important parameters of the stairs, like:

The number of compensated;
The height of the risers;
The angle of inclination of the stairs;
March length;
The area that the staircase will take on the first floor.

Any staircase must be comfortable and safe. To do this, when performing calculations, the following rules must be followed:

Dimensions of steps.The height cannot be made more than 190 mm and less than 160 mm. The width of the sticking should not be less than 220 mm and more than 330 mm.
Keep in mind that all the steps should be the same height and width, otherwise the staircase will succeed;
The number of steps in the staircase span.The most comfortable value is 11-15 steps. If they are more, it is desirable to divide the staircase with a platform.
In addition, it is desirable that the march had an odd number of steps so that the person end the descent or the rise of the same foot, which was moved by the stairs;
Marsham width.Must be at least 90-100 mm;
Height railing.At least 90 cm.

Calculation of the number of steps.Before you begin the calculation of the stairs, you need to measure the height between the floors, as well as the area allocated under the staircase. For example, height between floors, i.e. The height of the stairs in our case is 3 m.

Now you can proceed to calculate the number of steps and the height of the risers. These two parameters are interconnected.

To calculate the number of steps, you need to divide the distance between the first floor floor and the floor of the second floor, to the height of the steps. The latter can be anywhere in 160-190 mm. For example, take a height of 180 mm, in which case we have the number of steps it turns out 300/18 \u003d 16.6 pieces.

Since we need an even quantity, adjust the height by separating the total height on the number of steps - 300/17 \u003d 17.6 cm. In fact, the staircase will have 16 steps, since the last stage is the floor of the second floor.

The calculation of the width of the sticky.There is a formula for calculating the convenient staircase - a + b \u003d 470 mm, where:

a -Vostotka;
b - Shining sticky.

From this formula, we obtain the width of the sticking 47-17.6 \u003d 29.4. This size is quite within the limits of allowed.

Calculation of march length.Now it remains to calculate only the length of the march, i.e. The length of its projection on the floor. For this it is necessary to multiply the width to multiply by the number of steps - 29.4x17 \u003d 499.8 ~ 5 m.

Since the staircase is sufficiently long, it is advisable to make it a swivel consisting of two marches. In this case, the first march will have eight steps, including the platform, and the second march - nine steps, taking into account the floor of the first floor.

The width of the site should be equal to the width of the march, i.e. not less than 90-100 cm.

If necessary, you can correct the parameters of the stairs under the conditions in the room - change the height of the risers and the width of the sticky. The main thing is that these parameters remain within the limits permissible.

Calculation of the length of the Kooowar or the guards.The calculation of the Kooower is performed on the Pythagoreo theorem - the length of the staircase in the square + the height of the stairs in the square \u003d the length of the Kourow in the square.

Stage 3: make up drawing

Now you need to prepare the drawing by which you will produce the details of the stairs. To do this, we will first consider the details that include the design of the ladder from the tree:

Kosur. The carrier beam on which the steps are stacked. As a result, Kosur perceives the entire load when moving along the stairs;

ATTA.Also is a carrier beam. From the Kourow differs in the absence of cutouts under the step, as a result of which the adoptions are connected to the beam.
For fastening the exhaust to the tutor in it, the recesses are milling or attached to the bars, which are placed coming;

Stages.Consist of two elements - a sharpening (horizontal board), the riser (vertical board, which is located under the step). It must be said that the design of the wooden staircase may not have risers, especially if it is based on the growths.

How best to make a staircase - on crouches or asserts? The design on the growths is performed faster and easier, since there is no need to make cutouts under steps, however, the staircase on the cosoms is able to withstand a larger load.

Production of stairs

Consider how the staircase made of wood is made with your own hands. This process can be consecrated to several stages:

Step 1: Preparation of Kosomov

The work is done like this:

Illustrations	Description of action
	Materials.At this stage, prepare the boards with a cross section of 40 x 300 mm.
	Preparation of beams.Cool boards 40x300 mm along the length of the Kooowa according to the project calculations.
	Marking of the Kourow.To apply markup, use the construction kit. With it, mark the location of the steps and risers, as shown in the photo. Keep in mind that the angle of the sticky and the Kouryer must correspond to the angle of inclination. To not be mistaken in the calculations, you can perform the following actions: Fix Kosur in the working position; Mix the line of trimming the bottom of the board, which will rely on the floor; Mark the first promotion and risers. In the process of marking, use the level so that the step is in parallel. The distance from the cut line to the first sticking should be equal to the height of the stage; Apply the markup of the remaining coming and risers, focusing on the marking of the first stage.
	Cutout Kouryra.Carefully perform cutouts with a hacksaw, an electric bike or other tool. On the same scheme, do all other boosters.

So that the pair boosters turned out are absolutely the same, use the first Kosourg as a template - attach it to the board and circle a pencil.

Stage 2: Frame assembly

Now it is necessary to make the remaining elements of the staircase frame, and install them. Work is carried out like this:

Illustrations	Description of action
	Materials. In addition to the buildings for the assembly, you will need: Bar 70x70 mm or 100x100 mm; Boards 40x300 mm; A glass for a bar (fastener); Carpentry glue.
	Mount Kourow to the wall: Fix settlement on the wall in the working position; Make sure Kosor is installed correctly. To do this, attach the level to cuttings under steps - they must be located strictly horizontally; Secure the beam with anchors or screws (if the wall is wooden); Similarly, attach to the wall of Kosur's second span. So that the beams are located correctly, it is desirable to apply marking on the walls.
	Installation of the reference pillar: Give the location of the support post for the landing; Secure the pillar on the floor using a special glass and dowel-nail. Return from the installed post 10 cm (the distance between the spans), and install the second pillar to which the top span beam will be relying.
	Post markup.Mark the place of the junction of the second rower on the column. To do this, you can use a laser or water level.
	Installation of the second rower: Place the junction of the Kourow with a post. Treat with carpentry glue. Previously, the joint is preferably erected. Connect Kosur with a pillar; On the reverse side of the pillar, screw several screws, after the holes are drilled.
	Installation of the cower of the second span.The beam is attached to the post on the same principle as Kosur first span.
	Assembling site frame: If the site is adjacent to the walls, fasten the 40x300 mm on the platform wall at the site level; If the platform does not adjoin the walls, install additional supports, and roll them with the rails, as shown in the photo example.

On this montage of the frame is completed. If you have a staircase direct and without a site, then all the work on the frame assembly is reduced to the installation of two cosomers.

Stage 3: Ladder Casing

The staircase of the stairs is as follows:

Illustrations	Description of action
	Materials.At this stage we will need: Wooden boards 30x300 mm; Carpentry glue; Lining.
	Marking of steps and coming: Apply markup on the board according to the size of the proceeding and risers; If the shootings have a rounded form, put markup with the aid.
	Cutting details.Use for these purposes an electrolovka or other tool. In addition to coming and risters, you will also need boards for the staircase of the staircase. Keep in mind that commencement should hang over the opponent for centimeter-two.
	Drilling holes: Apply on the details the layout of the location of the screws; Drill holes.
	Processing of the joints of the details of the glue.Use for this joinery glue.
	Installation of steps and risers.Secure the details of the self-drawing.
	Space cover under the stairs: Secure the rail on the floor under the outer settlement, as shown in the photo; Cover the space between the floor and the staircase. Boards are attached to the lower rail and Kosouro, as well as join with each other in the castle.
	Top Masha: Secure the rails between the Kosomers; Attach the lining with self-draws to the boosters and transverse rails.

Stage 4. Mounting railing

Now you can proceed to the installation of the railing. Balasins and handrails are more expedient to buy ready-made, since without the appropriate equipment to make them beautiful difficult. At the same time, the price of them is small - the value of figure balasine from pine begins on average from 100 rubles per piece.

The process of installing Balyasin and the railing looks like this:

Illustrations	Description of action
	Materials.For the arrangement of the railing you will need: Balacine set; Handrails; Sucks; Malyary glue.
	Installation of waders under balusters: Apply markup on sticking up so that all the sewages are located on the same line; Drill the holes on the diameter of the waders; Mix the holes with joinery glue; Drink into the openings of the sewage.
	Installing a baluster.The instruction looks like this: Drill in the lower end of the balaasine hole under the wanking; Launch the hole with glue; Put on a bassine on the wanking; If the balassine is located close to the sticking, it can be additionally "grab" by self-draws.
	Preparation of Balyasin to the installation of the handrail.Cut the upper part of the columns at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the staircase march.
	Fastening handrails to extreme columns: Place the adjustment of the handrail to the columns to handle glue; Screw the screws from the bottom to the handrail of the formation, so that they entered the column, as shown in the photo.
	Fastening handrails to intermediate bassins. Balacine adjoining places to the handrail. Treat carbon black glue. Screw the screws of the vbialasins, blame the handrail.

The process of manufacturing a wooden staircase is almost completed. Now it remains only to perform the finish finish.

Stage 5: Finish finish

As a rule, in the finish finish process, wooden stairs are covered with varnish, mourn or impregnation. This operation is carried out in such a sequence:

Illustrations	Description of work
	Materials.For the finish finish you will need: Wood putty (selected by tree color); Paintwork.
	Shpalian: Remove any dust and dirt from the surfaces that you will spit; Fill out the putty deepening of the hats of the screws, as well as small cracks and other flaws of wood if they are; The surface immediately align with a narrow spatula; After pouring the putty, it is necessary to clean it with the surface of the sandpaper.
	Grinding: Collect all the smooth surfaces using grinders; Plots of complex shape process the sandpaper manually.
	Dust removal.Let the surface of the stairs or wipe the surface with a damp cloth.
	Vacuation: Apply varnish with a thin smooth layer with a brush; After drying the surface, apply varnish again; Upon completion of the varnishing, the surface should be polished. Wooden staircase is desirable to cover with matte varnish or impregnation. A glossy varnish-covered can be slippery and unsafe for movement.

As you can see, the stairs on the second floor are simply manufactured enough, so it is enough to have basic skills to work with a tree.

Output

We reviewed the process of making a staircase with all the main nuances and subtleties, and now you can independently take care. I recommend viewing the video in this article. If in the process of work you will come across any difficulties - write comments, and I will gladly help you.

Without compliance with the rules and without the production of safety calculations, the staircase will be built with their own hands, at least unsuccessfully, will require global alterations and expensive improvements. To eliminate unsuccessful attempts, it is better to initially do everything, focusing on the building rates.

The simplest solution will be modular - they are only required to assemble from equipped parts, strictly following the prescriptions of the manufacturer. Finished kits are supplied to assemble march and screw options, equipped with a complete set of fasteners and structural components.

The screw modular staircase is going on the principle of children's designer of their fully prepared for the installation of components

Material selection arguments

For the construction of a welded ladder from a metal, a welder and inverter skills are needed. You can learn the Azam welds yourself, but for the construction of the presentable design of the initial course is not enough. The fill of concrete facilities is often predetermined by operating conditions. Steps made of concrete are equipped with two, three-storey mansions of brick, foam blocks, gas-silicate panels. In addition, the cold concrete system will still have to sow wood or tinted with another material. As a result, it turns out that there will be double-to-work.

Concrete ladder construction with wooden trim in financial and labor costs is equivalent to the manufacture of two separate designs

Attention. In two-storey-storey cottages, according to fire safety requirements, it is necessary to install concrete or metal staircase marches that guarantee evacuation from the upper floors in the event of a fire.

Those who need a staircase on the attic should prefer wood. The material is easy, it is easy to process, will not blame overlapping.

Council. For the arrangement of new low-rise wooden buildings, stepped systems are recommended from the shrinkage. It is difficult to predict how much the height of the ceilings will decrease, and what difference will be between the concrete or metal staircase and overlapping.

Probable errors made in the manufacture of a wooden design will be easier to fix.

Maximum simple design

Those who wish to make a staircase independently, no one will advise to start with a complex screw type. If limited room dimensions do not allow you to choose a simple gentle option, it is better to purchase a ready-made module set or contact builders.

The hollow "Meeting Message" takes a lot of space, but the rise and especially descent will be most comfortable. Optimally, the angle of inclination does not exceed 37º. An inclination at 45º automatically translates the structure into the discharge of the appropriate. It will be necessary to go down on it. The steepness of 40º is also not too convenient for descent.

A common staircase with an angle of inclination no more than 37 degrees is the most comfortable

If there is a question about the construction on the size of the area limited in size, one should give preference to two-hours-haulers with a staircase or with overtook steps.

Attention. Between the direct march to meet each other, the distance should be at least 100 mm.

Between walking "towards each other by marchs need to leave the distance

Steps can rely on the beams of the booms, can be attached to the wall by the hospital bolts, join two lateral growths. Consider an example of construction with Kosomers.

Construct the stairs with your own hands

Regardless of the availability or lack of experience, any master should be started with calculations and design. The project is focused on security and creating better conditions for moving.

Project Design and Requirements

The design must keep the load exceeding the average weight of a person.
It must be equipped with fences, the location of which must be taken into account at the project stage.
The fences are equipped with handrails and balusters, the distance between the next balusters should be less than the size of the baby's head.

Note. It is possible to protect the staircase in order to prevent life-threatening situations, you can not with balusters, but a solid "web" from plexiglas or grid, if there are small children in the house.

The height of the design is calculated using the finishing floors of both floors or according to their alleged marks.

According to standards, the sum of the width of the sticky and the corresponding height of the riser should exceed 50 cm (there are minor deviations). It is recommended height in the range of 14-17 cm, the width of the nuts 25-32 cm for the full support of the foot.
The height of the passage is 1.9-2.0 m. The size depends on the growth of users, calculated according to the growth of the highest member of the family + 5 cm.
A comfortable width of the inner staircase is considered the distance between the wall and the handrail or between the two handrails of 0.90 - 1.00 m.

The principle of calculation of steps is based on a simple formula

Design - the most responsible stage. The error allowed in the process will turn the construction in vain waste, effort and money. Projects are performed by analogy, regardless of the material selected, identical to the rules, and calculations.

Prepare the necessary material

Finally decided that we build a staircase from lumber. For the manufacture of cosomes, a pine board with a width of 40 mm is suitable. The risers, from the installation which can be refused, can also be made of coniferous rocks. Optimally, if the sticky is made of solid wood varieties.

Council. It is better to buy ready-made steps of glued wood, created like a glued bar of bars with different direction of fibers. They will not be deformed, dismiss, crack.

Correctly make Kosoury

According to the desired stage, the stage will draw patterns. Then we put markings on the boards and on it the electroll will drink peculiar teeth. Those who wanted to know how to build a staircase with their own hands without errors and alterations, probably guessed that all elements should be symmetrical. So, the first drank beam with teeth will serve as a template for the manufacture of the second, and if the width of the ladder is 1.20 or 1.50 m, then the third.

You need to start with the manufacture of Kosomrov, for the production of which you need a template with exact dimensions of the stage, after which the teeth are cut into the beam to install the steps

Installation of elements of steps

Shining and risers Freshing to Kosomes with nails and self-drawing. The master who decided not to use the ready-made factory components, will need to cut out also these elements according to them specifically for them.

Apartment can be composed of two boards

The structure is considered to be more reliable, the bearing beams of which are first set by simple triangular or more complex kills. For their installation and fastening, the dumps and pre-made grooves will be required.

Scheme: How to make a staircase with more reliable curly wooden lines

We install balusters and railing

To install each baluster, we use an anchor or stud. First, on the markup "Nasadim" on the glue with a pin with the end, which through the disposal will be introduced into Kosur, then it will be spinning it and probably on the free end of the balaasine. Similarly, poles of fences are established, between which the balusters are placed. At the end of the pillars and balasins are equipped with handrails.

Setting elements of fence

Video Information: Common Errors

Before proceeding with work, it is worth watching videos with a list and a description of frequently encountered errors.

The process of owning the staircase cannot be attributed to the discharge of the simplest, but also is also not a supervised task. The main snag in competent design. And then lead the performer should be a pedanticity and accuracy, and everything will probably succeed.

Recently, the construction of a country house is very often not limited to one floor. In order to expand the space, the second is erected or is heated and is given to a comfortable room suitable for comfortable accommodation. And this means that without a staircase in the interior of the first floor can not do.

The staircase on the second floor with his own hands may well be assembled from the finished set, which can be purchased in companies that profidate it with the development and manufacture of this interior functional element. In the proposed directories, you can choose a staircase that perfectly fit into the situation of both floors, and it will be comfortable and safe for lifting and descent for all family members.

You can try and independently build a staircase, but in this case it is necessary to produce, since with the absence of the structure, the usual element of the house may well become a traumatic "simulator".

In addition, you need to decide which role in the interior will play a staircase. It can be completely imperceptible, and not to be a decorative decoration of the room, and may become the center of the composition, around which will build all the design of the room.

So to choose a suitable instance, better though would be schematically draw a staircase that I wanted would be To see in your home, but you can find a ready-made option and adapt it to a specific room.

Before you choose the model of the stairs, you must know how it is arranged, and how to calculate its correct parameters.

The main components of the staircase elements

The design of the staircase has a lot of components, some of them are mandatory, others may not enter into devices of certain types of this facility.

So, the staircase cannot do without steps and supports that support them are the main elements of the simplest designs of inter-storey stairs.

The step itself consists of two parts - vertical and horizontal. The first of them is called the riser, and the second one - a guide. The riser is a support for doing, but sometimes they do without it.
Supports can be two types:

- The Agreement is a beam that supports steps from their ends;

- Kosur - beam, supporting steps below.

The railing is also an important element of the staircase, although it is not present on all its kinds. But if there are children or the elderly in the house, they can not do without them.
Balaasins - vertically installed supports for the railings, which most often become not only a functional part of the staircase, but also its decorative decoration. This element can be made of different materials and have various forms.

Since there are different types of stairs, each of them can have parts that are necessary for a particular design.

Rack - This element is used for the device of the screw staircase. On the rack with a certain step, the steps of a special form are fixed, which form a spiral, rising from the first to the second floor.

Hosts are special bolts, which are also supporting steps with elements, they are attached in the wall and directly to the steps themselves. They are not used for everyone, but only for certain types of stairs.

Types of stairs

Having learned from which elements there are stairs, you need to figure it out more about how each of the specifies of structures looks like, installed between floors.

Marshagian staircase

This type of staircase is popular for a private house of any type. It consists of one or more straight marches equipped with exactly located stages. It is convenient to descend and climb, but the lack of this model is that it is necessary to have enough room in the room for it.

The most common - marching stairs

If the staircase consists of several marches, each of them should have at least 3 ÷ 4 and not more than 15 stages. Failure to comply with this standard can lead to not comfortable lifting on the stairs. Typically, the number of steps in each march is 8 ÷ 11 pieces, and special platforms are installed between the marches. Their sizes are multiple of the average length of the step.

Marsh stairs can be closed and open. The first of them are in the design of the approaches, and the second are arranged without them. An open option is convenient in cases where the steps have an insufficient width.
Marsh stairs can have steps fixed on cososters or on the growth. For these parts, boards having a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 are selected, and even better - even 60 ÷ 70 mm.
If the straight staircase without turns has more than 8-9 steps, then for strength it is also recommended to divide it with a platform.
In the case when the staircase is built with a small turn, it is called a swivel, and sometimes on this site instead of the site arrange the steps that are called running out.

Starts of a quarter of a revolving staircase

In addition to the above types, marching stairs can be:

— quarter-work - the angle of which when turning is 90 degrees, and they are arranged, mainly at the junction of two walls;

- semi-coordinate - the turn of them has an angle of 180 degrees;

- Circular models - marches consistently form a turn of 360 degrees.

Staircase design at largests

The name of these stairs at the hospitals occurred from the German word "Bolzen", which means a bolt. Thus, this is a staircase fixed on bolts. In fact, it is a fastener in the form of a pin having a thread at its ends. With the help of their steps and fencing are bonded between themselves and mounted into the wall. Thanks to these devices, the design looks light and air. Contributes to this and the absence of risers.

In addition, a similar model can be stretched on a certain segment of the wall, and it may look quite compact. Despite the seeming light, the design is reliable and durable, it is capable of withstanding hundreds of kilograms, so the stairs at the bolsters are becoming increasingly popular.

Despite the "air" appearance, the staircase at the Bolts is very reliable

Naturally, such a design cannot be located in the middle of the room, as it must be attached to the wall, the main condition for the installation is its strength of the material from which it was erected.

The staircase at the parodes is quite difficult to calculate independently, but it can be purchased in a set or make an order to professionals on its manufacture with reference to the specific conditions of the house.

Video: Installation of a wooden staircase at the parodes

Installation of this design is quite complicated, and entrust it is better to qualified craftsmen, which will be able to assess the possibility of its installation. Therefore, before purchasing a kit, it is best to first consult with specialists.

Screw inter-storey staircase

This design is more complex in installation, but has the advantage in the fact that it occupies the lowest area of \u200b\u200ball existing options, so ideal for premises with a small area. In addition, such a staircase can be installed at any convenient place of the room and, if desired, make it the center of the interior composition, as the design has a fairly aesthetic appearance.

Screw staircase - saves space, but not always convenient for carrying overall objects

There may be different species, but for a two-storey house, the model consisting of their racks and wedge-shaped steps is best. For the rack, the metal tube or wooden support is chosen.

The rack itself is fixed to the floor of the first floor and in the inter-storey or attic ceiling.
The steps are fixed with a narrow side and rotate so that the overall design resembles a spiral.
Balaasins are installed on a wide side of the steps, the upper part of which is fixed in the handrail, repeating the spiral direction of the entire structure.

Video: Screw staircase mounting

Inconvenient in such a model is the fact that it will be difficult to raise or to lower Down some kind of massive piece of furniture. In addition, choosing such a model to install such a model, you need to know that the smaller the extent for it in the inter-storey overlap, the staircase will be cooler and inconvenient.

Calculate the screw design is easy. To do this, the site is defined in the room where it will be installed, its center is calculated - this will be the place of installation of the rack. Further, the distance from the rack to the border is measured - it will be the width of the span, i.e. Starts length.

For comfortable walking along such a staircase, the size of the mid-stage must be at least 200 mm, and the widest part should be no more than 400 ÷ 420 mm.

This design is quite possible to make and assemble yourself, in the presence of skills to work with a tree, and the ability to calculate the load on the selected material. However, if there is no confidence in your abilities, then it is better to entrust work by a specialist, since the incorrectly designated design is very attempting.

Requirements for the design of stairs

Before starting to work, you need to learn the requirements for the design of the staircase.

Security is perhaps the most important condition. So that it is fully fulfilled, it is very important to accurately calculate all the parameters:

- calculates the angle of the slope, width and height of the steps, the method of fastening the first and last of them;

- if the staircase is not located between the two walls, the fencing is necessary, and its height should be at least 800 ÷ 850 mm;

- If there are small children in the house, bales that support the charging of the fences, should not be located apart from each other than 100 ÷ 120 mm;

- the width of the steps should be 200 ÷ 300 mm;

- the staircase must withstand quite large loads - for residential buildings, they make up 300 ÷ 350 kg / m²;

- It is impossible for the steps to be slippery - the texture of their external coating is necessarily thought out;

- The whole design should be securely and rigidly fixed between the floors;

- undesirable to install a design at an angle of lifting more than 45 degrees;

- the width of the spans should not be done less than 850 mm, the optimal option is 1000 ÷ 1200 mm;

- the staircase will be less traumatic, if it is divided by platforms into two or three parts;

- fastenings for structural elements must be made of high-quality material, so they cannot be saved;

- If wooden parts are processed independently, then you need to bring them to perfect evenness and compliance with the dimensions set by the drawing or patterns.

Video: Errors in the design and construction of stairs

Calculation of the parameters of the stairs and the manufacture of parts

Since for self-making and installation, the marching structure with steps laid on Kosouris is the most affordable, as well as convenient and safe in operation, it is worth considering it.

The first thing to be done is to calculate the place, quantity and size of steps, as well as the width of the staircase.

Calculation of ladder parameters

The calculation of the design of the marching staircase is as follows:

The height of the room and the length of the whole or part of the wall is taken as a basis - the place that is assigned to install the staircase. By reducing these values \u200b\u200bon the scale, draw the rectangular triangle, in which the hypotenurium will be the staircase itself, and by catech - the height of the lift and the floor.

An angle of 45 degrees is ideal for installing the staircase, but it can be changed, depending on the desire of the owner of the house and from the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

A comfortable width of the adoption must be at least 200 mm, therefore the floor catat, based on its long-term length, is divided into this magnitude. The resulting number of steps is placed in the drawing.
The height of the risers, convenient for movement, should not exceed 100 ÷ 120 mm. To calculate them, you need to share the height of the overall lift to the selected height of the risers and also transfer to the drawing.
Thus, it is possible to calculate the sizes of a cow for laying steps.
The width of the staircase will depend on the preference of residents and on the size of the room.

Video: An example of calculating the marching inter-storey staircase

Making details of stairs

In order to make items properly, you need to definitely transfer the size of the drawing made to the material, and pick up high-quality well-dried wood.

The most difficult thing is perfectly cut down the cosos, as reliability and durability will depend on this, as well as the aesthetics of the structure. For these carrier elements, the board is chosen solid without cracks and numerous large bitch, a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 mm.
The canvas may have a 1,5-cm width longer than the place provided for them on the cosos, plus the thickness of the risers. The adops must be perfectly smooth with rounded neat edges, and it is also very important to consider. For them, a board with a thickness of 30 ÷ 35 mm is selected.
If planned to make the staircase closed, with approaches, then they must also be made carefully. For these elements, you do not need to take a large thickness board, as basically all the load will fall on the platform, and the risers will play a supporting role. Quite thickness of 15 ÷ 20 mm.

Balaasins and handrails will be better acquired in finished form along with fasteners. If there are children in the house, then for security purposes, you should install two balusters for each step. In the case when the children have already grown, it is enough for one supporting handrail element.

Prices for various types of elements of stairs

Elements of stairs

Installation of stairs

Installation of the stairs - the most responsible moment after the manufacture of all elements of the design, and it is necessary to come up with the maximum responsibility.

The first to install the boosters in advance marks. On the floor, they are fixed on the supporting timber attached in the right place, and in the upper part they are installed in the cut-off gaps in the ceiling beam. Sometimes metal supports mounted on the overlapping ceiling are used to secure the top of the cosomers. Attasions for these carrier elements are anchor bolts.

In order for the parts to be perfectly smoothly, there are constantly inserted in the installation process on the plumb and the construction level.

If the risers are provided, then they are screwed before putting the canvas.
Then, on top of the cosomes and risers from above, the panels of the appearance are fixed on top.

Fastening the risers and a fee occurs in the complex, and goes down up.

Then, when the steps are ready, you can move to the balaasine installation.

From both sides, that is, on the floor of the first floor and at the top of the staircase, set the support racks that will become the boundary for the overall design of the handrail (rail). They will also play and support, and decorative role.

Balyasits can be of different sizes, and made of various materials, so they can be attached differently. Some of them are simply installed in the drilled holes in steps and handrails, others are screwed by self-tapping, and the fasteners are closed with decorative plugs.

They are covered on top of the handrails that are fixed on the supporting extreme racks. If necessary, in the middle of the stairs, you can install another support rack.
If the racks are installed three or even four, then instead of a balasine, two or three smooth boards (strips) fixed parallel to the staircase can serve as a reliable fence.
When the entire design is collected, you can proceed to surface processing with grinders and sandpaper. Preparation is carried out before applying protective and decorative paints and varnishes.
The first layer that is applied to the tree is the antiseptic compositions. They will protect the wood from rotting, the appearance of mold or fungus, from home insects. After this design is allowed to dry.

Next, the staircase can be in several layers is covered with varnish (desirable - water-based) hot wax or paint.
If it is necessary to darken the wood, it is pre-coated with a veneer or other toning compositions, and then, after drying, they apply a lacquer coating on top.

After drying the paint coating, the staircase will be ready for operation.

Photo instructions for creating a staircase made of wood

Step 1 - Future Design Drawing

Video: Another interesting installation of the stairs to the second floor

If you need to install in the house, you need to carefully calculate each step of your work and approach it with full responsibility and accuracy.

Detailed and simple scheme for standard staircase on the second floor.

Planning the construction of a private house for two floors or more? We recommend planning immediately, what a staircase will be. And we will help in this - in this material it is described in detail about species for cottages, cottages and private houses, design requirements. Also, with the help of diagrams and drawings, we will tell you how the staircase is calculated and built. The design is quite simple - it is not compared with the roof, so the owner can make it, which has only minimal construction skills. We will tell how to make so that instead of a wooden staircase did not work like a ladder. After studying the drawings and schemes, you can make a high-quality design.

Views

In private houses, for centuries, two types are used, which we briefly consider:

Movie. This option is the easiest performed, while the design is distinguished by reliability. If a newcomer is taken for business, then the wage wooden staircase will be an excellent solution. Also, the design can be divided into single-hour and two-hours. Despite the differences between these species, their complexity is the same.
Screw. Work for professionals, as it requires careful measurements and calculations. One miscalculation can spoil the whole design, so it can only make it a master. The main advantage of such a design is compactness, because the design takes the minimum number of spaces in the house. Often the screw wooden staircase is the center of the interior composition. The only minus is a rather steep rise that adversely affects safety.

Of course, we will disassemble the marching staircase, although we recommend familiar with the screw options. It is easier to carry out the marching version to which there are drawings.
Another lack of a screw staircase is that it will be uncomfortable to carry overall objects from one floor to another.

Preparation of materials and work features

Before thinking about the construction with your own hands, you need to create or take ready-made drawings, as well as prepare tools and materials for the stairs connecting the second floor with the first.

Let's start with materials for building construction to the second floor:

screws;
thick boards, which will continue to move into the steps;
bruks - the cross section should be at least 40 millimeters.

Without a drawing, it is impossible to perform work, in the image below it is shown in detail what you need to measure so that in the end it was possible to calculate the dimensions of the future design.

Also cost to take into account the following sizes when planning the design to the second floor from the first:

the angle of inclination of the stairs;
width;
height of the whole design;
number of steps.

If there are skills in working with a 3D editor, you can make a detailed scheme. For example, the project will demonstrate whether the ladder will not work. It is also recommended to study the drawings.

Blueprints

The simplest drawing of the marching staircase on the second floor, which the owner will be able to make it yourself. The drawing is demonstrated quite large design, but sometimes such a staircase leads to the second floor.

Knowing the distance between the floors, you can calculate the number of steps. For example, the floor height from the floor is 290 centimeters, the steps are selected by 20 cm. After simple computations, 14.5 steps are obtained. It is necessary to round up to 14 or 15. In the first case, the height of each step should be 20.71 cm, and in the second - 19.33 cm.

In the example, integers are used - the height of the stairs to the second floor is 260 cm, each step goes 20 cm, as a result, it turns out 13. With regard to the size of the staircase march, its width should not be less than 70 centimeters. In the large side, the bias can be any. In the example, considered in this article, the stair march has a width of 1 meter.

It is also worth thinking about the platforms that will be at the bottom and above. Dimensions should correspond to the dimensions of the staircase march. An ideal form will be a rectangle or square.
These are the simplest schemes for the manufacture of a wooden staircase to the second floor. The main thing is to choose a convenient angle of inclination so that in the end there is no stepladder.

The most reliable option is the direct staircase. The P-shaped option is suitable for private houses where a large area. M-shaped newbie design is unlikely to master.

Selection of installation method

The design of the future staircase may present:

Taitives. This word is called beams that support structures on both sides.
Kosoury. The second option is the beams that keep the stairs from the bottom.

Installation

When the steps, platforms and beams are ready, you can move to the installation of the stairs with your own hands. The example describes the option with Kosomers. You need to make a note for the place of installation in advance. On the floor of the first floor, the boosters are installed on the support timber. In a place where the staircase moves to the second floor, the support elements are placed in the gaps in the ceiling beam. In some cases, metal supports apply to the same goals. The attachment of the cososov is performed using anchor bolts.

In the process of installation at hand, there should always be a construction level, it is also possible to determine the position by body kit so that the ladder does not work. Wooden design elements must be installed perfectly smoothly. The panels of the appearance must be consolidated from the top of the cosome, to do this is the most convenient self-drawing.

Steps are ready? So you can start the installation of the baluster on the floor. Upstairs and downstairs are mounted support racks that limit the handrails. They are also decorative and supporting elements.

Now installing:

Ready balasins need to cover with handrails (railings), which are mounted on support racks. If the design is large, then the stairs will not interfere with the additional support.
Sometimes it takes 3-4 racks. In this case, it is not worth spending the forces on the balusters, as the smooth boards will be a more rational solution.
After completing the assembly, the wooden surface must be carefully polished. You can do it with your own hands or with the help of the power tool.
Next is preparing before painting: all the garbage and dust are removed, it must completely dry. If necessary, a putty is performed after grinding. Of course, for this work, we need coatings for wood.
When the preparatory work is completed, you can paint elements from wood. Primer is applied, and then 1-2 layers of paint. After drying, it is necessary to cover the design of varnish. Alternatively, you can take a veil.

As a result, it turns out a convenient staircase, with which you can use comfort and safety to the second floor. If the angle is calculated correctly, then the stepladders will not.

Low-rise construction, if it comes to residential buildings, implies the construction of at least two-tier buildings. Consequently, to move to the second floor without the inner staircase, do not do. The purchase of a finished kit, firstly, will be quite expensive (at least 35,000 rubles), secondly, it is necessary before installing and adapting to specific premises, or to engage in reconstruction (redevelopment). And this is additional costs and time.

In most cases, it is advisable to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, especially since the deadlines will be approximately the same. The easiest and most inexpensive option is the design of wood. This article will explain in detail all the nuances of the choice of sawn timber, drawing up the drawing of the stairs and the features of its assembly.

With regard to the private house, the most common two - the staircase is spiral and marching. The first option is quite complicated, and to realize it with your own hands, without having practical skills and experience in this area, it is unlikely to succeed. There will have to do specific engineering calculations, which means that without the help of a professional at least at this stage of training can not do. Focus only on the schemes available on the Internet, not quite correctly. They do not take into account the specifics of a particular structure, so they will be necessary to be processed, taking into account the characteristics of its dimensions, layouts and a number of other factors. Yes, and the installation of the screw staircase, the more wooden - the process is far from simple.

For the assembly do it yourself Optimal solution - a marching wooden staircase. Based on the height of the first floor room, the spans can be one or two (swivel design).

But in the details even completely identical stairs can be very different. And it is easily explained by the fact that the manufacturer means the element of creativity with their own hands. Since all private houses differ in many of the parameters (dimensions, the height of the ceilings, layout, internal filling), then follow a single standard - the case is unpromising. By the way, the author has already paid attention to this reader. Therefore, more - only general recommendations that will help competently draw up a drawing of a wooden staircase, taking into account all the features of the structure, and make it installation at the place.

general information

Options for the execution of the march stairs are several. Their main varieties are shown in the figures below. What kind of modification to choose for installation with your own hands, it is not difficult to solve, knowing all the features of the house and premises of the first and second floors.

When describing any product or prefabricated design, do not do without special terminology. The following drawings are well explained, as the main elements of the stairs are called.

Preparation of materials

When choosing a tree breed, if you focus on a reasonable combination of quality / price, it is recommended to give preference to a pine or larch. The latter is even better because it is less susceptible to rotting. In addition, when the liquid is absorbed, it becomes only stronger. Since there will be evaporation in any residential room - more than relevant, especially if the kitchen is located in the adjacent room. All other breeds - cedar, oak and a number of others - are unlikely to relate to budget versions of a wooden staircase.
The durability of the structure largely depends on the degree of drying of the sawn timber. If wood in this regard is not processed enough, then such a staircase quickly "behaves." Drying boards with their own hands - process and troublesome, and complex. It will take not only the place for their storage, but also the knowledge of all the features of the technique. We will have to ensure the immutability of temperature, high-quality ventilation and so on. The conclusion suggests unequivocal - on the material for the wooden staircase, it is impossible to save. That is, if you purchase boards, then only a high degree of drying, although they are more expensive.

Calculation of the main parameters of the ladder

Width

When determining this parameter, you should focus on such moments. First, whether it will be convenient to move along the stairs at the same time, towards each other. Secondly, it will be possible to transfer overall loads from the floor to the floor (furnishings, household equipment and so on). For a private house The recommended width of the inner staircase is 130 ± 20.

Height of stairs

When calculating this parameter, poorly serious "home masters" are focused on the ceiling of the ground floor room. This is not true. In the preparation of the drawing of the stairs, not only this parameter is taken into account, but also the total thickness of the overlap and floor of the room of the second (along with the finish finish). That is, the last step should be on one with it.

Test height

It is understood by the distance between the steps and the overlap of the second floor (ceiling). It is clear that they move along the stairs, constantly folding the head is not an option to save space. Mostly the masters are focused on 200. This is enough, since it is rare who heights exceeds this value.

The steepness of the wooden staircase

The optimal is the bias of 40 ± 5º. The excess of this value will complicate the rise to the second floor to people to the elderly, young children, and those whose physical opportunities for some reason are limited. But a more common design has a number of shortcomings. Wood consumption increases, and the place for its installation will be needed significantly more. Here you need to choose the most acceptable option for a particular home.

Steps

Appeal. You should focus on the 45th size of the foot of the person, then it is convenient to walk on the stairs to all. Based on this, the recommended width of the steps in the range of 28 ± 2.

Risers. The optimal value, regardless of the design features of the wooden staircase, 18 ± 2. It will be convenient to move both children and a growing person.

Number of steps. The calculation is required here. The distance between adjacent is determined simply - the thickness of their boards + risers. When receiving a fractional value, it is rounded to the whole value. It remains only to divide the height of the stairs.

What to take into account:

The dimensions of all steps of the march staircase must be identical. That is, it is enough to make calculations only for one.
If there are more than 18 steps, it is recommended to provide in the design of the staircase platform (consequently, at least 2 march). It is called differently - observation, swivel, intermediate - but you need to mount it. Another question is where exactly it should be located - strictly in the center of the span, closer to the beginning of the stairs? It is worth thinking here, conforming to the features of the house and the convenience of moving to the second floor.

Length of stairs

This is the last stage of calculations. Initial data - parameters of steps and their number. As practice shows, with independent compilation of the drawing of the staircase, it is often not suitable at the estimated length to the first floor room. How to proceed? Several options:

Add one march. This solution is more difficult, since it will have to mock an additional platform, and, therefore, re-produce basic calculations.
Provide in the design of the staircase several swivel (long-term) steps. The option is simpler and more convenient for execution with your own hands. It is he who is most often implemented.

Wooden staircase mounting features

Regardless of its design, all major technological operations are identical. If you understand the nuances of the construction of the staircase single-hour, then collect it on any other scheme will not be difficult.

Specificity of the preparation of components

Stages. For them, segments of the board are selected that have no defects in the form of chips, cracks, curvatures. Their recommended thickness, taking into account the alleged loads, 35 ± 5. It is more inexpedient, since the consumption of material increases, and the total weight of the design. Less undesirable for reasons for the safety of movement along the stairs (including portable cargo).

At the stage of preparation of steps it is necessary to round the sharp edges of the boards fragments to eliminate the risk of injury. In addition, their facial surface and ends should be carefully polished - no chips, burstles and so on. Here you can not by the way. The length of the steps is selected depending on the selected scheme of the wooden staircase. But their protrusions for the booms are more than 3 (cm) are undesirable.

Risers. They are not carrier elements, and often play only a decorative role. Here you can save a little using the board for 10 or 15. By the way, some wooden stairs are going to and without them. Such constructions look even more effectively, and, moreover, the cleaning of the spans is greatly simplified.

Kosouras. These are supporting elements for the entire staircase, so timber for them should be chosen especially carefully. Special attention is the equality of all parameters. Both Kouryra should be like "Gemini Brothers", otherwise the staircase after the assembly will be asymmetric, with skewers, curvatures, and so on. Figures show some options for cososov.

Features of manufacturing with your own hands the elements of fence in the question. Well, if there is an opportunity to produce a balasine processing, handrails at machine hardware. Otherwise, it is better to purchase ready-made samples. Taking into account the fact that they are (especially with lateral review), first of all, are striking, such costs are fully justified.

Wooden staircase installation nuances

Mounting of the Kosomrov. The fixation of the extreme on the wall is possible only if the basis is quite durable (the house of brick, bar, and so on). In other cases, the entire design of the staircase is mounted on the racks.

To prevent the bottom of the bottom on the floor of the first floor, the reference bar is installed. The top of the span is fastened in the overlap itself (it will take a cutout in the beam on its width) or "fasten" to it anchor bolts. The cosos themselves must also be fastened to each other, so that in the process of drying wood they did not "beloved." For example, so.

Risers. If it is decided to use them in the ladder scheme, they are attached to the cosos.

Stages. In order not to be mistaken, their installation begins with the bottom of the structure. Side mounts - on supporting beams, if there are risers, then at least at one point (centered) on them.

Balaasins. First, only two are mounted - upper and lower. Between them stretch the cord. Focusing on it, it is easy to install the stairs along the spans and align all the others.

Fastening handrails. When it comes to a wooden staircase, this a priori does not mean that these elements must be necessarily of the wood. Make them out of it with your own hands is quite difficult. Here you will need not only experience, but also the corresponding tool. Options for handrails - plastic or metal.

Finishing stage

After checking the symmetry of the design, the reliability of all compounds is carried out a number of activities:

Grinding all structural parts.
The impregnation of specials / compositions (from fire, rot, insect-tree-bodies).
Surface design. Painting option - not for a private house. It is advisable to treat the staircase with a tinting composition, and on top or wax-containing solution. But this is already at the discretion of the owner, depending on the overall style of the decoration.