New technologies in the production of furniture from chipboard. Organization of a business for the production of cabinet furniture

Summer residents are resourceful people. Very often they use various materials that, it would seem, are absolutely impossible to use in everyday life. Such material as geotextiles did not pass by their attention. Geotextile (agrofibre) is a relatively new material made from synthetic fibers, which is intended for industrial and construction use. Thanks to its qualities, geotextiles have been successfully used in gardening and in the country.

Geotextile Fabric Properties

Geotextile material has the following characteristics:

Types of geotextiles

Despite the versatility of this material, it is divided into several types, depending on its purpose and method of manufacture.

The use of geomaterial in the country

1. Layout of the suburban area

2. Artificial fountains and reservoirs

The geomaterial is also successfully used when creating an artificial pond, pool, waterfall or fountain in the country. For this type of work, more durable options for geotextiles are used. It is laid on top of insulating material and fixed with stones.

Geofiber should also be laid around the pool or pond. It will help to avoid the germination of weeds and will not allow tree roots to damage the equipment or violate the integrity of the structure itself.

3. Drainage and plumbing

Geotextiles are also indispensable when laying the drainage system of the site or water supply. Agrofibre is covered at the bottom of the trench, crushed stone is laid on top of it, then pipes are mounted and the resulting structure is wrapped around with geotextiles.

Thus, the geotextile material will be able to pass water, and all other components will remain in place, which will not allow the drainage layer to become clogged or silted.

4. Gardening

The most common application of geotextiles is in horticulture. It is successfully used in isolating the root system, growing seedlings, organizing beds and flower beds, planting grapes and much more.

How is the laying of agrofibre in the country

Paths and parking

A dacha with sidewalk paths is a beautiful and comfortable dacha. Everyone who installs them wants their long service life. But it often happens that the paths fail, sag, cracks appear on them and grass grows in the seams between the tiles. But if geotextiles are used when laying sidewalk paths or parking areas, such problems can be avoided.

Lay agrofibre under paving slabs as follows:

Adhering to this technology, you can not be afraid for the quality of the coating. It will last for many years without change.

Garden

Agrofibre facilitates agricultural work. Now weeding the bed will not have to. To do this, you need to adhere to the following algorithm.

The pores in the geofiber will allow moisture to pass through and provide the necessary air exchange. Loosening is also not required, since moisture will flow through the pores by capillary action and the soil will not be compacted.

flower beds

For flower beds, you need to remove the top layer of the earth, fill the resulting groove with sand by 5 cm, cover the bottom and edges with a geofiber with a small exit to the surface, install a drainage layer of crushed stone if necessary, fill up the black earth layer.

country ponds

As a conclusion: the use of geotextiles in the country will help to avoid many problems when performing construction, gardening or landscape work. The main thing is to choose the right material and lay it with high quality.

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M Many would like to know: geotextile - what it is and how it is used. This is a knitted or woven cloth, which is characterized by considerable strength. The material is created by weaving threads from different polymers at a certain angle. Cloths are provided by manufacturers in rolls. Moreover, the density of matter can be different. A large number of positive qualities help geotextiles to be a versatile raw material.

The canvas is easy to use, as it is offered in ready-made rolls.

Before buying geotextiles, you need to decide: what it is and how it is used. This is a product that is a woven and non-woven fabric, which is created from components of polypropylene and polyesters.

Initially, this material was used only for drainage structures and the construction of construction projects, but then it began to be used for domestic and industrial purposes. Cloths are produced in different volumes and come in different types. The fabric is sold in rolls with a width of 2 meters to 5.5 meters. The length can be from 40 to 150 meters.

Helpful information! In summer cottages, needle-punched material is often used, the structure of which includes small holes. Such agrofibre is used as a protective and covering material.

How is geotextile used in building houses?

In the construction of houses, geotextiles are often used for the foundation. In order for the foundation under the building to be durable, a pillow or dumping is used for the future foundation.

Geotextile protects the structure from the pressure of melt and groundwater and from soil deformation. It is also worth highlighting the following points:

the canvas prevents the mixing of sand, soil and gravel;
the load on the base is evenly distributed;
the bearing capacity of the structure is increased;
the base becomes more stable and stable.

Protection of the foundation against the rise of groundwater

Related article:

Varieties of geotextiles

Having decided what geotextile is and how it is used, it is worth considering that this product may differ depending on the production technology. The following types of material are distinguished:

calendered geotextiles are made by bonding fibers using high temperatures, while the fabric has high strength properties, which minimizes the likelihood of breaks;

the needle-punched look is made from propylene and polyester fibers; water can flow through the fabric in the longitudinal and transverse directions;

knitting-stitching material is made from special fibers of a certain length, for a strong connection of the fibers they are stitched with threads.

Knitting-stitched fabrics have a special structure

Helpful information! This material is made from polyester mass. On conveyor belts, pieces of fibers are torn off from bales of a similar mass, which, under an air stream, are converted into separate threads. Interestingly, 1 gram of such a thread has a length of 3 km. After the fluffing procedure, the threads in a special machine are transformed into a canvas.

Geotextile in the drainage system is used as a layer with filtration for perforated highways. Such a grating not only prevents the gravel bed from silting.

Such material does not mix different layers of soil. For drainage systems, a product with the following parameters is selected:

density should be up to 150 g/m2.
a needle-punched monofilament cloth is used;
the filtration coefficient is about 130 m per day;
pressure strength should not be less than 400-500 N;
the width of the roll depends on the specific section of the filtration layer.

The installation of the canvas is carried out without tension. For overlap, allowances of 0.3-0.6 meters are left. When working on large areas, additional fixation of the fabric is required. After turning the edges of the canvas, the soil is laid and compacted.

Helpful information! When choosing a material, it is worth giving preference to products from trusted manufacturers. During installation, it should be borne in mind that the material is susceptible to the influence of sunlight, so the canvas must be covered with soil as soon as possible.

Geotextile: technical specifications

Geotextiles are affordable and versatile. In addition, the material has the following qualities:

resistance to the oxidative process;
resistance to various aggressive influences;
resistance to fungal organisms;
prevents the growth of weeds;
stops soil erosion;
has a filtering function;
contributes to the acceleration of water drainage;
has excellent reinforcing properties.

Gardeners and summer residents constantly use industry innovations to decorate and facilitate work on the garden plot. Among the many progressive materials, the most popular today is the use of geotextiles in horticulture. We will find out together how the functions and possibilities of this fabric allow it to be used in furnishing a country house or a garden plot.

Types and properties of geotextile fabric

Geotextile is a synthetic material used in construction, industry and horticulture to work with soil. There are three main types of geotextile fabric:

Needle punched geotextile. It is made from polyester fibers by needle punching through the base of the fabric. Such material passes moisture well, but has average strength characteristics. Used in horticulture and gardening.
Thermally bonded geotextile. This type is thermally fastened, therefore it has less moisture transmission capacity, but it has high strength. Widely applicable in construction and land works.
Knitting-stitched geotextile. The fibers are held together with threads by a binding method. Such geotextiles are very durable, but if the fastening thread is damaged, the entire fabric may unravel. It is used in the economy and construction only in Russia.

The popularity of geotextile is growing due to its versatile properties and capabilities:

High strength and resistance to external influences. The geofiber does not rot, does not collapse from time to time and does not attract the attention of rodents and other pests. Thermally bonded geotextile, as the most durable, is used to isolate, reinforce and preserve soil layers.
Ecological harmlessness. When wet, heated or supercooled and exposed to UV radiation, geotextiles do not emit chemical harmful gases or substances, and do not decompose into components harmful to the environment.
Water and breathability. Geotextile is a breathable permeable material, so it is good for horticulture applications as drainage, root and weed control, and site separation.
Ease of use and economy. Geotextiles are affordable for any average family. This material is sold in convenient rolls, it is easy to cut and evenly fit.

The high functionality of geotextile fiber makes it possible to use it in various areas of the economy. Gardeners use agrofibre to build beds, flower beds, makeshift ponds and fountains.

Geotextiles are popular for use in the installation of paving slabs. A geotextile fabric is laid out on a layer of crushed stone, and a layer of sand is poured on top. This prevents mixing of materials and significantly saves their consumption. The tile lays down easily and evenly, without changing position over time

When planning a garden with the help of geotextiles, you can solve the problems of the growth of tree roots, the washing out of the fertile soil layer and the growth of weeds in the beds.

Geotextiles are effectively used to decorate the design of the yard, separate architectural structures, recreation areas, strengthen mobile soil covers and concrete floors.

Options for the use of geotextiles in the country

Option #1 - garden landscape planning

The use of agrofibre allows you to solve many problems that occur when planning a landscape and garden buildings:

This material can reliably isolate the foundation and concrete floors from the ingress of excess moisture and the destructive effect of tree roots.
Geofabric is widely used to contain moving soils and create the desired landscape of sloping areas.
Geotextiles are irreplaceable when creating garden paths and lawns. A granite path cannot be washed away by rain, and it will not mix with the ground if a geotextile sheet is laid on the bottom layer. Geofiber is also often used in lawn planning to keep weeds out and make lawn grass maintenance easier.
You can also save materials when laying paving slabs using geotextiles. To do this, lay agrofiber on a flat gravel base, and then fill in a small layer of sand (5-10 cm). Now you can safely lay the tiled pattern.

To lay heavy paving stones between the lower layers of sand and a special mixture, it is necessary to lay dense agrotextile. So mixing sand with other materials will be excluded, and the work itself will be easier and faster.

Option # 2 - arrangement of artificial reservoirs

For arrangement, home ponds and pools, it is very beneficial to use agrofibre. The bowl of pools and fountains is covered with geotextiles over insulating materials. Such a surface holds decorative stones and equipment for ponds well. Geotextiles are also laid out under the stone steps of waterfalls to provide more reliable insulation.

Geotextiles are useful for creating a small pond in the garden with steps along which water jets will flow. The bottom and steps are lined with dense geotextile and fixed with stones

It is beneficial to cover the areas around the reservoirs with a layer of agrofiber so that weeds and roots do not harm the equipment and the pool bowl.

Drainage or plumbing systems on the site are arranged using geofiber. Fabric is laid out in the trench, crushed stone is poured, pipes are mounted and wrapped around with geotextiles along with crushed stone

Option #3 - growing fruit trees and horticultural crops

And the most common use of agrofibre today is in horticulture. Growing seedlings, organizing fertile beds and flower beds, isolating the root system, dividing plantings and much more without the use of geotextile fabric is not complete:

If you cover the bottom of the bed or flower bed with agrofibre, you will provide protection from weeds, good drainage and a warming effect for plants;
A pit for fruit trees and shrubs can also be lined with geofabric, which will help solve the problem of root growth and protect plants from pests;
You can cover plantings and heat-loving trees for the winter with a layer of geotextile. This will reliably insulate the beds and provide the necessary microclimate for plants in winter;
Geotextiles can also be used to preserve moisture in the roots of fruit bushes of currants, strawberries, vegetables, melons. To do this, the soil is covered with agrofibre, in which small cuts are made. Garden crops are planted in them. The problem of weeds is also successfully solved.

How to lay geotextiles in the country

In construction, before working with geotextile fiber, the soil is carefully leveled and covered with a layer of sand and gravel. For garden work, a clear alignment and planning of the base is not required, but some points must still be taken into account.

To effectively tile garden paths, a geofabric is lined on the bottom layer of rubble. Sand or a dry mixture of tile adhesive is poured on top. Now you can easily and evenly lay out the sidewalks of your garden

Method # 1 - laying geofiber for beds and flower beds

To form beds and flower beds, a layer of earth is removed by 30-50 cm. The bottom of the future flower bed or vegetable garden is covered with sand by 5-10 cm and laid out with agrofibre so that its edges cover the entire ditch, leaving the surface layer of the earth. Then the remaining layers of the beds are laid: drainage (if necessary) and black earth.

Agrofibre will help to significantly increase the yield of garden strawberries. It is necessary to cut small holes in it and lay the material on the prepared soil. Fruit bushes are planted in the holes. The earth and roots retain moisture in this way, and weeds cease to disturb plantings and owners.

Method # 2 - installation of geotextiles for summer cottages

A layer of gravel and sand is poured into the prepared pit for a bowl or pool. High-quality waterproofing material is laid out and geotextile fiber on top.

The creation of reservoirs in the garden is also not complete without geotextile fabric. So, you can create a real mountain stream with a bottom of decorative stone, if you lay a layer of geotextile on the waterproofing, and cover it with beautiful stones on top.

Now you can decorate the bottom of the pool with granite or pebbles. A ready-made capital pool can also be lined with geofiber if you want to decorate the bottom with stone or glass boulders, pebbles, granite or multi-colored stones.

Geotextiles are an inexpensive, innovative material that will help create a unique design and impeccable landscape for your garden. Affordable price and ease of working with agrofibre makes it especially attractive for gardeners who do not have construction skills and special equipment. Working with geotextile fabric in the garden is a new opportunity for a modern gardener.

Geotextile is an affordable non-woven material made of polymer fibers, which is widely used in the country. Among its indisputable advantages, one can especially note wear resistance, not susceptibility to decay, strength.

Needle-punched geotextile (optimal for use in drainage systems, road construction, landscape design, small ponds, slope reinforcement). Filtration is longitudinal and transverse. In Russia, this material is often sold under its own name "Darnit".
Thermally bonded geotextile (stronger than needle-punched). Filtration is only transverse. Cannot be used for drainage work. The main applications are slope reinforcement, slab laying, weed control, waterproofing. A bright representative is TechnoNIKOL.
Knitting-stitched geotextile (the fibers are stitched with threads, so the strength is low). This option is now found on sale less and less, it is less suitable for garden work.

When choosing, pay special attention to the following parameters:

surface density level (150 - 1000 g/1m2);
composition (preferably 100% polypropylene);
roll width (4-6 m).

Among the traditional material similar in use is roofing material. But in all respects it is much inferior to geotextiles.

Advantages:

Retains water but lets moisture through.
Does not dampen (does not accumulate moisture inside itself). Soil particles do not get stuck inside.
It is resistant to most adverse effects: it is not afraid of high humidity, ultraviolet radiation, alkalis, acids, mold does not form on it.
The load is distributed evenly over the entire canvas.
With thermal deformations, the base of the geotextile expands.
Frost resistance.

garden paths

A beautiful winding or straight path is often the basis for the composition of small areas. Geotextiles are excellent for their creation. They operate according to the following scheme:

take out part of the soil;
fill the groove with rubble;
lay geotextiles;
covered with sand, compacted and leveled the surface;
lay paving slabs.

Geotextile prevents sand from mixing with gravel, which protects the soil from subsidence in the future. Even after many years, garden paths will remain smooth and tidy.

Small areas are equipped in a similar way (for example, under gazebos, a barbecue area). The insulation between the soil and the bulk material prevents weeds from growing between the laid tiles. Excess moisture will quickly drain from the polymer surface, as a result of which large puddles will not appear on the tracks.

Waterproofing of a country pond

A beautiful decorative pond, albeit a small one, can become the pride of a summer cottage. To prevent water from leaving, you should first take care of creating a waterproofed bowl. From above, it can be masked with stones, soil, etc.

Geotextiles in this case are very suitable not only because of the affordable price, but also because of their incredible strength. Sooner or later, the reservoir will have to be cleaned, and mechanical contact with the surface of the insulating layer will be almost inevitable.

Geotextile is a waterproofing base for home swimming pools.

beds

Probably, you have already seen beds covered with a dark cloth with slots, from which plants neatly stick out. What is their meaning?

The fact is that holes are made only for planted cultivated plants (seeds are sown in them and seedlings are planted), and the weed particles located between them cannot develop without light and sufficient moisture.

Such mulch will completely relieve you of the need for weeding and will contribute to the long-term preservation of moisture in the soil. It will protect the plants from the midday sun. For those who visit the cottage only on weekends, geotextile can be a real find.

The second use case is as an impenetrable lining between the main soil and the surface (artificially created). The fact is that for the full development of a number of ornamental plants, special soil mixtures are needed.

Just create waterproofing pockets with the right substrate and plant plants in them that need special conditions. The nutrient layer will not be washed out and mixed with poor garden soil, and plant roots will not be able to penetrate deeper than the geotextile (into infertile layers).

Other Application:

Foundation protection. Over time, groundwater can undermine the foundation, as a result of which the building may sag. Geotextiles laid close to the foundation will prevent contact with unwanted moisture. It will also allow you to separate the soil from the site and gravel bedding.
Geotextiles are used as a covering material for the winter (roses, rhododendrons, juniper, boxwood, cypress, lavender, grapes, perennials, shrubs, seedlings in pots and flowerpots). Moreover, unlike natural mulch, it does not pollute the site, does not spoil its appearance and can be used repeatedly.
Geotextiles can also be used when planting raspberries. It will turn out an analogue of a large pot dug into the ground. As a result, the shrub will not be able to grow in the district.
Geotextiles are also indispensable for drainage. It is laid on the bottom of a previously dug trench, and a layer of rubble is poured on top. Next, pipes are installed.

There are actually many more applications, but within the framework of one article it will not be possible to talk about them. Feel free to share your additions and comments in the comments.