Furniture transformers for small apartments. Transformers in our house

As the owner of a small-sized apartment, I always take a special interest in various types of folding furniture. I especially like multifunctional transformers, for example, beds that turn into wardrobes, sofas into desks and other similar things. It's nice that designers think about us (or do they think globally - about overpopulation?) And create such pieces of furniture that will help "with a flick of the hand" in one minute transform our 10 sq.m. bedroom into a living room or study.

Today I want to show the most interesting examples of folding furniture. Most of the presented transforming beds you can buy in the TRANSMEB store, in Moscow. Let's see photos as ideas for inspiration. Perhaps some of them will be of interest to our men who collect furniture with their own hands.


Transformer: from bed to wardrobe

Let's start with the lifesaver of one-room apartments - a lifting bed. This type of furniture is well known in our country. The lifting mechanism allows you to press the bed against the wall, freeing up a free passage. There are many models of such devices, the models look most interesting when the bed (in the assembled state) visually merges with the situation, for example, as in this photo of a teenage boy's room it turns into a wardrobe.

Here is another example of a transforming bed, clearly cheaper. Suitable for a schoolchild's or student's room in a minimalist style.

By the way, there are quite interesting ideas among the folding single beds - for example, this one is rather cleverly camouflaged under a closed shelf or chest of drawers.

I really like transforming beds for small children's rooms. See what a beautiful and practical option for one child is in this photo.

And in this photo we see a bunk bed transformer, a wonderful invention for small apartments. There is a shelf for linen on top.

This room interior with a pull-up double bed for adults looks very stylish. It seems there is even too much free space here, I wonder what caused the need to take just such a bed? This is most likely a studio apartment.

In foreign sources, there is an alternative version of the lifting bed. The bed does not retract to the wall, but on special guides, like in an elevator, it rises above your head. For small, narrow rooms, the idea is just great! It remains to be hoped that this design is also reliable.


Transformer: bed-desk

An interesting idea for children's and teenage rooms is a bed combined with a workplace. However, some samples are also suitable for adults, for example, such as the one in the photo below:

There are several design options for such models, remember the yellow bed in the very first photo? Its mechanism moves the desktop upward rather than downward. And this is how she looks after transformation, enlivening the interior with rich pink.

Of course, there are rollaway beds of a similar design and double sizes.

Transformer: sofa bed

There are transformers that combine a bed and a sofa. It seems that there is nothing unusual here - most of the sofas can be folded out, providing a sleeping place. In general, I agree, although when the sofa is disassembled into a bunk bed, it is impressive.

The rest of the transformers, from those that I came across, are more banal and follow the same idea in design as the "bed-desk". And yet it seems to me that for our small rooms it is better not to invent things, but to buy a normal folding sofa. It will definitely cost less than such an invention!


Useful transformers for small apartments

Tired of beds? Me too ... But I also wanted to tell you about other types of similar furniture. I'll try to be shorter. When I wrote on the topic, I gave several options for folding tables. There are many noteworthy ideas in this area, but for today I will confine myself to two examples.

I really liked this idea of ​​a sliding table (I found it a long time ago, on the blog of an overseas young lady), but I never figured out how it works. Why a facade is used instead of a leg (everything seems to be in place) and how such a long table fit into a cabinet 60 cm deep remains a mystery to me. I would be grateful if someone could reveal this secret for me.

I would like to mention another wonderful design invention for small living rooms. This is a combination in one design of a coffee table and a dining table. I myself have been looking at this for a long time, only the price, in my opinion, in our stores for them is too high. Although there are quite decent options in online stores, for example, at prices 2-3 times lower than in ordinary stores.


Wanting to get a spacious kitchen, bedroom and living room in a small apartment, it is not necessary to redevelop. Choosing for yourself multifunctional transforming furniture, you can significantly increase the functionality of your premises. Such furniture will also become a decoration for your interior.

Transformation of a living room into a bedroom and vice versa

The desire to sleep on an orthopedic mattress is not always dictated by a whim, sometimes it is a necessity. Previously, all this was easily solved with a separate bedroom, and the owners of a one-room apartment did not even count on such a luxury. Making a bedroom out of the only living room is also not an option, since you need to receive guests somewhere. The situation will be saved by multifunctional transforming furniture.

Turn the wardrobe bed into a sofa

With the advent of transforming furniture, there is no need to choose between sleeping on a flat surface or a sofa. The familiar wardrobe bed can be complemented by a sofa that hides when it is unfolded.

With the help of a lifting mechanism, it quickly retracts into a niche.

If you have an elongated room, it is better to choose an option where the unfolded bed is located sideways to the wall, and not perpendicular. The sofa in this model is much wider, and the bed itself does not block the passage.

For square rooms where it is not possible to install a wide sofa - choose a perpendicular bed layout. Since they are no more than one and a half meters wide, you can put a desk or other furniture nearby.

Hide the bed in the wall

In studios, there is often an option when the hall resembles a living room: in the middle there is a couch, a table and a home theater. In order not to disturb the design, the bed can be built into the wall and lowered only at night. At the bottom, you can install a shelf or apply a pattern.

This design is ideal for people who do not want to dine in tight quarters or who often receive guests. In this case, only cooking is done in the kitchen, and the dining table is placed in the living room.

Transformation of a small chest into a table with ottomans

If there is no place at all for organizing a recreation area, put a transforming chest. Inside it are ottomans with folding legs, and it itself turns into a stable table. The top of the chest opens up like a book, doubling the area.

Inside there is an empty space where you can put a tea set, CDs or books.

Three in one - a coffee table, an ottoman and a folding bed

Often, students are forced to share one room with several people. Multifunctional furniture will help you save space and add stylish touches.

You can increase the number of berths by placing transformers that combine:

  • ottoman;
  • armchair;
  • clamshell.

If you connect the bodies together, you can get a large dining table with low ottomans from several of these structures. Having disassembled them, you get several chairs for watching a movie together.

TV wall, dressing room and bed in one set

Such a miracle cube is suitable even for those who live in a hostel, not to mention a one-room apartment. On a small patch measuring 2x1 meters there is a dressing room, a single bed and a spacious wall.

If you are the lucky owner of an apartment with a niche, you can build a mini nursery there using such a structure and a screen.

Invisible nursery in the common room

Families living in a small apartment with children are always looking for options for arranging furniture so as to zone the area and leave aisles. With the advent of transforming furniture, you can transform one room into another.

By hiding children's beds in the wall or desks, and adults in the closet, we get a spacious living room, and vice versa, putting everything back in its place - the bedroom.

Folding bunk beds in the wall

These beds resemble the shelves in trains, but thanks to the participation of the designer, they were completely hidden. The bed linen is easily hidden inside the closet, and the hall has a spacious and neat look.

The upper shelf is equipped with a safety stop that prevents falling.

Bed in writing desk

For a family with one child, the option with a bed in the desk may be suitable. Both can be easily removed if guests come.

When assembled, such a "constructor" resembles a small bar counter. Raising the tabletop creates a work surface for creativity, and opening the base creates a single bed.

Bookcase hiding a single bed

Folding beds do not always perform only one function; there are models that can accommodate several bookshelves and even a bedside table. By choosing a folding bed with a swivel base, you do not have to empty the shelves every time before unfolding the bed.

The lifting mechanism of the bed is attached to one side, and shelves and a bedside table on the other, so there is no need to tilt the entire base.

Converting a small kitchen into a dining room for lunch

If you dream of a spacious kitchen, then transforming furniture will help to fulfill the dream even for owners of a five-meter area. The space expands not visually, but in reality. True, you have to "get rid" of the dining table every time you prepare food, but thanks to a well-thought-out design, this is done in a couple of minutes.

Dining table and chairs inside the kitchen shelves

Each kitchen needs a cabinet with shelves where the hostess places dishes and various spices. This option accommodates not only little things, but also a dining table with four full chairs.

The table consists of two halves, since the depth of the cabinet does not allow it to fit entirely, and the chairs are placed quite normally. An outsider who enters the kitchen will not even understand that they are inside, and the hostess will be able to move freely from the countertop to the refrigerator and stove.

Disappearing dining table in a small kitchen

For a small country-style kitchen, a reclining wooden platform with benches is suitable. With one movement of your hand, you lay out a full dining table.

5 stools in one ottoman

Nowhere to store chairs? Please, an ottoman with hidden stools. Inside it there are 5 bases, each of them is smaller than the other, due to which they are assembled like nesting dolls. The soft walls of the ottoman are the seats of the stools.

Stools are assembled and disassembled very quickly, even a child can handle it.

We remove the mirror from the wall and get the dining table.

Women will appreciate the mirror table. After dinner, fold the legs and hang the table on the wall, turning it over with the mirrored side. Fasteners for the "mirror" can be installed in the corridor, and if necessary, remove and carry it.

This table can be easily installed in any room. If you live alone, then you do not need a large table. But when guests come, you remove the mirror from the wall and put the table on.

Thanks to correctly selected furniture, we can change rooms beyond recognition, every time we get free space.

Almost all city apartment owners complain about the lack of living space. This is especially true of studio apartments or Khrushchev houses. The solution to the issue of lack of space for a small apartment will be the purchase of a folding bed.


The transformable bed, which is offered by a domestic manufacturer from St. Petersburg, has a whole set of positive qualities.

  1. A pull-out bed is great for a small room in a standard apartment. After sleeping, users can fold the bed and raise it, hiding it from prying eyes. Thus, it will not interfere with full movement, therefore it is ideal for an apartment.
  2. It is also used for a small studio (an apartment that has walls exclusively for separating the bathroom and toilet). At the same time, there is no need to clearly distinguish between sleeping areas and entertainment areas with additional furniture or fittings.
  3. The 3-in-1 transformable bed allows you to adjust the height of the bottom, so it is ideal for a family with a child. After all, children grow up quickly, so there is always an opportunity to set the required lifting level.
  4. The transformable bed can be 2-tiered. Perfect if there are several children. At the same time, it easily folds into the wall and does not interfere with children learning and playing.
  5. For a small apartment there are options for a double bed. Now there is no need to waste extra space on the purchase of massive furniture, which takes up a lot of space.

The beds offered for the buyer's review fit favorably into any interior and help to save a lot of space that can be used for other functions. For example, a bedroom can combine an office for work or a living room where all household members can gather.

Modern requirements of buyers are extremely high, therefore domestic production is aimed at satisfying not only functional needs, because such furniture should be beautiful, and most importantly, it should harmoniously fit into the style of the apartment.

The versatility and functionality of the transformable bed

Conveniently, all beds are securely fixed, and they acquire a horizontal position only when the users need it, so they are completely safe. The transforming bed easily takes an upright position. Thanks to the different folding options, the bed can be reclined, allowing it to be used as a desk or as a drawer unit.






The offered transformable furniture can be either single or double, which is ideal for adults. Any variation of the product provided in the catalog is suitable for a small apartment. For installation in a nursery with two children, it will be convenient to purchase a bunk bed that folds easily and saves twice as much space.

Features and constituent elements

The transforming bed is made of durable and high-quality wood (the main material is laminated chipboard). In addition, laminated chipboard is used for the frame component. All convertible beds have an orthopedic mattress as standard. There are options for orthopedic beds and sofas that have a sliding mechanism that works using gas lift technology. This is a technology that allows you to conveniently push and pull all the components of the bed.

Beds of this sample are divided into the following types:

  1. Beds with built-in wardrobes that work on a tilt-back principle.
  2. A transformer that combines a bed and a table at which both a child and an adult can work. In this case, the need to create a separate work area completely disappears if you work from home.
  3. A bed that can be transformed into a sofa with a slight movement of the hand, where it is convenient to receive guests, or spend a family evening watching a movie.
  4. Beds that can be transformed into cots for newborn babies.








Color variations and sizes for future purchase

It is possible to choose colors and textures for your future transforming bed. In St. Petersburg, our production offers various options for wood texture or one-color coatings that will suit the design and style of your apartment or house.

The official website helps the buyer to determine the dimensions of the transformable bed. According to the standards, a size is distinguished from 90 to 200 mm in width and 200 mm in length. In St. Petersburg, you can get fast delivery of both a standard baby bed and an adult, custom-made bed.

Why choose our store

A transforming bed is a long-term purchase, therefore, the buyer receives a guarantee from the manufacturer. How much does this furniture cost and where can you buy it? Everyone has the opportunity to buy such a transformable bed in St. Petersburg inexpensively. Only the selected main material and additional functionality will affect the cost.






You can order a bed cheaply, for this you need to follow the news of our store, we often hold sales, we make discounts for each client. If necessary, the price will include the assembly and installation of your new furniture.

  1. We offer furniture as a standard sample, which can be selected from the catalog, but also to order, according to individual measurements.
  2. Convertible beds will not be expensive. We cooperate with suppliers of domestic high-quality materials without spending additional funds on expensive export materials.
  3. Delivery in a short time at a time convenient for the buyer.
  4. Warranty for each piece of furniture.
  5. Additional discounts besides sales.

Choose only functional and high-quality furniture that will give your apartment coziness and comfort. With the new convertible bed, you will be able to afford more opportunities for spending your free time.

Customer reviews website



Review # 1: Maxim Petrov

I live in the suburbs and on weekends my son often comes to visit. He studies and lives in the city. My house does not allow me to equip a separate room for him, so I decided to buy this bed. Double room with built-in shelves for things. Now my son can stay with me as a guest. This is the best solution for a small living space.



Review # 2: Kovrova Zinaida

I saw a photo of such a closet at one mother's school. I told my daughter. It turned out that such rational furniture cannot be found in our stores. And we began to ask where who had seen this. And then the teacher said that you can buy this on the Internet. My daughter was delighted and ordered. But now my grandson is even more happy. He immediately had his own wardrobe, and a desk, and a sleeping place, and
a corner in a one-room apartment where you can play without disturbing anyone! How we like this wardrobe bed! I advise everyone: take a closer look! Take a closer look and buy it!



Review # 3: Lisa Lunarko

Recently stumbled upon an amazing bunk bed that folds into a closet. I was very surprised, I was eager to buy, because I live with my younger brother. By itself, it is very compact and comfortable. We have a small room, so it fits perfectly when assembled and laid. The mount does not hold together, does not wobble, a very strong frame. Great thing.



Review # 4: Evgeniya Kudinova

A friend advised me to get this transforming bed. For a long time I complained to him that I could not find the right furniture for the style. And he was right, it was she who won my love. My bedroom is not too small, but with a bed in it, there are too few free corners. And since I want more free space, I was looking for a bed that would at least visually look miniature. But, fortunately for me, my friend was also involved in the selection of furniture for me. And I found it. Thank you very much, I am very happy with my new bed.


Review # 5: Alexey Belorukov

He moved from his parents to a rented apartment. Since there was no point in renting a large apartment alone, I found a one-room apartment. But then I realized how difficult it is to reasonably equip an apartment so that there is still free space. So I opted for this bed model. I did not purchase a wardrobe, since the built-in shelves in the bed structure are quite spacious. I recommend it to everyone!



Review # 6: Andrey Volkov

I rent an apartment, and since several people very often want to move into a single room, I decided to replace the old bed with two small ones. And that was the right decision. The residents are grateful and I am very happy with my decision. Since my friends moved into the apartment, they were just looking for an apartment for two. Now I'm looking for a wardrobe bed in my room, I managed to appreciate all the practicality, according to friends' reviews.



Review # 7: Petrova Marina Ivanovna

Thank you very much to everyone who helped us with the purchase of such wonderful furniture! And the color we chose was what we needed for the home furniture, and the rigidity was made with the lamellas as requested. Golden people! Nice furniture! Our height allowed, so we also attached a mezzanine on top and a mezzanine. Not furniture, but one pleasure! Thanks again to everyone!



Review # 8: Hairpin Anastasia

I have long dreamed that such good beds would be invented so that it would turn straight with two fingers and three movements into an object that does not take up so much space in the room. And now we have such a bed. We are glad that dreams come true. The furniture is excellent, pleasant, inexpensive, we installed everything quickly, and we selected everything according to the color - wow !!! Thank you that everything is so cool!

Innovative transformable furniture helps to create the most spacious, functional and comfortable living space. 21 models for a small apartment are presented in this article with a photo.

Compact transformable beds

Sofa bed in the interior of a small apartment

Thinking over the new interior of a miniature apartment, you should definitely pay attention to the bed, which transforms into a wardrobe with a sofa. It is this type of furniture that is in demand today more than others. Using this design is simple and pleasant. The free bed is hidden in an aesthetic wardrobe in one movement; instead of a sleeping place, a soft sofa is pulled out. Many people like to purchase such transforming items to order, in this way you can get an individual solution tailored to a specific living space, you can choose the fabric of furniture covers. It is important to give preference to goods from reputable manufacturers that guarantee unsurpassed quality, since the structures contain complex mechanisms that must be strong and durable.

sofa bed in a neutral minimalist interior

sofa bed with a shelf in a bright interior

sofa bed, disguised as a wardrobe, for a small apartment

sofa bed for a small bedroom-living room

sofa bed in gray and white tones for a small apartment

sofa bed, reclining from the wardrobe, for a small bedroom-living room

light beige sofa bed for a small apartment

Features of choosing a bed-table for a small apartment

The owners of cramped apartments are interested in beds that can be easily installed in the closet; instead of a bed, a compact work desk appears. You can choose the color and fabrics of the furniture so that it is in harmony with the overall concept of the interior. The design often contains elements from chipboard; in furniture catalogs, you can choose the optimal color. There are several variations of transforming furniture. In one case, the workplace is hidden under the bed - the owners do not need to empty the countertop and all items remain in their places; in another design, the table folds into one canvas with a berth and is located directly under it.

bed-table for a small children's room

bed-table for a small apartment

bed-table in the wall with shelves and wardrobe for a small room

bed-table for rest and work in a small apartment

bed-table for a small room of an adult or a child

Folding beds for small apartments

There are horizontal and vertical variations of folding beds without a table and other details - the sleeping place is reliably masked in an upright position, becoming part of the wardrobe. The folded version frees up a lot of usable space in a small apartment. This approach to housing planning is convenient for both adults and children. Folding furniture can have a mirror or photo print on the front. It is worth paying attention to the fact that in the assembled form the wardrobe can have a depth of only three tens of centimeters, and in the folding form we get a full-fledged one or two-bed bed.

folding bed, retractable into the closet for a small apartment

horizontal folding bed for miniature children's room

bunk folding bed, which when folded looks like a wardrobe

two-level folding bed with stairs for a small bedroom

bunk folding bed with hidden upper and unfolded lower part

unassembled bunk folding bed with ladder

Bunk sofa bed in a small apartment

On sale you can find not only beds of different widths, but also folding two-story structures. The sofa of impressive size, with the help of simple manipulations, turns into two full-fledged berths. In addition, an interesting solution for a small apartment is two-tier sleeping places that fold aesthetically against the wall. Not a bad option for children of any age or guests.

a bunk bed that turns into a comfortable soft sofa for a small apartment

Compact transforming tables

Folding tables for a small apartment

An expanding and instantly gathering table is also a noteworthy piece of furniture. A person living in a small apartment tries to combine wide functionality with the possibility of saving space. Such a chance is represented by transforming furniture. 21 models for a small apartment - this list should include not only beds and sofas, but also tables. Folded models take up a minimum of space in the kitchen, dining room or living room. When unfolded, transformable structures represent large dining tables for a comfortable location for a group of several people. The multifunctionality of the clamshell lies in the possibility of replacing several interior items.

Many products are height adjustable, which means they can be used by children and adults. The ways to change the table configuration vary depending on the specific model, manufacturers use different types of mounts and moving parts. Most often, you can change the length of the tabletop by moving several sliding elements. To adjust the height, a special mechanism is introduced into the structure, making a coffee table out of the dining table and vice versa. There are many complex models that combine both types of transformation. Today the book-table is popular.

Original table-painting in the interior of a small room

In modern small-sized apartments, an atmosphere of simple forms reigns, behind which super-comfortable pieces of furniture are hidden. When folded, this structure is a work of art - a picture that organically fits into the design of the walls. Expanding a simple mechanism, we get a convenient table for any purpose, firmly standing on one or two wide supports. The frame of the picture acts as a leg. This solution is created by practical developers for creative hosts. The painting table provides almost limitless possibilities. For example, an item can be placed in a kitchen that is less than a minimum of 6 square meters, in a small room for relaxation, hobbies or tea parties, inside a country house or a cramped living room. A lot of free space is formed in the room, and, if necessary, an area for activity appears. You can surprise your guests with a reclining picture, and a couple of people will perfectly fit and have dinner on the mini-table.

table-painting for a small-sized living room or kitchen

Functional and compact mirror table

Another interesting variation on the wall design is the mirror table. The presence of a reflective surface enhances the functionality and attractiveness of such furniture. By pressing our table against the wall, we can further visually expand the space by adding a mirror. The structure is stationary, that is, attached to the wall. There are also models that, if necessary, can be removed from the wall and placed anywhere in a small apartment. Apparently, such tables will become widespread in the future.

mirror table for small kitchen, dining room or living room

Taking advantage of new solutions in the world of furniture, you can quickly neutralize the problem of space shortages and start enjoying the possibilities of beds, sofas, tables and wardrobes that can change silhouette and purpose. Folding objects can be found in different areas of the apartment. If there are no such offers in your hometown, you can order furniture through online stores.

If the area of ​​the room does not allow setting large sizes for the sleeping area, then a transformer bed for a small apartment will become a real salvation. This option is practical, compact and folding mechanism, which helps to save usable space. We are talking not only about the simplest mechanism - but also about the numerous solutions that allow. With the help of a simple device, the bed is transformed into any other piece of furniture.

Read in the article

Transformer bed for a small apartment: advantages and disadvantages

Transforming furniture is rational and has many valuable advantages. Pros of transformer beds for the following:

  • assembly and unfolding of the sleeping bed is carried out by a simple mechanism, which consists of special belts, electric drive devices (optional) and strong springs;
  • the design can turn into a headset for writing, a play area, or, which contributes to the equipment of additional storage space;
  • a large selection of sizes of furniture structures;
  • saving space, since;
  • the ability to place the device in awkward areas in the corner.

These headsets have certain disadvantages:

  • due to frequent unfolding, the mechanisms wear out. When buying, special attention should be paid to the manufacturer, materials and quality of the furniture;
  • higher price than standard furniture.

You should not purchase such furniture sets for the elderly, as the constant assembly and disassembly can be tiresome.

The original solution is considered to be gas lift structures. In this case, the side panels are equipped with mezzanines and compact.


Bed with horizontal mechanism

A headset with a horizontal system is considered a more compact option. The sleeping bed is attached to the second piece of furniture. The fasteners are located on the larger side of the bed, which reduces stress. Such furniture is often installed in the children's room. This includes beds on two levels.

Some products can be controlled remotely or using dedicated buttons. A similar mechanism is possessed by transformer bed tables for a small apartment.


Which covering and material should I choose?

When choosing ergonomic furniture, special attention should be paid to the materials of manufacture. The most common options are:

  • considered the most budgetary option. The material is characterized by low performance properties;

  • refers to a more durable material, it can last at least 5 years;

  • natural wood products are considered the most durable.

The quality of the material from which the fasteners are made is of great importance. Metals are stable, do not deform and can support significant weight.

Image Model Cost, rub.

Wardrobe-bed-sofa transformer "Archi" (Factory Clei)74 000

Allias wardrobe bed79 000

Adelia table-bed (Furniture grad)24 500

Horizont wardrobe bed (Clei Factory)46 600

Bed wardrobe lifting Garun (Manufacturer Uyut - service)23 000

Wardrobe bed with sofa, Avant (Modus Vevendi)34 900
Wardrobe bed with a bench Uno (Modus Vevendi)32 000

Bed dimensions

Transformers for children up to 10 years old have special sizes. For babies up to three years old, the bed is 60 cm wide and 120 cm high.For children from 4 to 7 years old, the length should be about 140 cm.You will need a device with a width of 90 and a length of 180.

Beds for adults are single, one-and-a-half and double. The width of the single-bed version in domestic models varies from 70-90 cm, and in imported models from 90-100 cm. In this case, the length can reach 1.9-2 meters. This option is also suitable for teenagers. The standard width of the one-and-a-half model is about 1.4 meters. Double options are 1.4-1.6 meters wide.

Which mechanism should you prefer?

The most important element in the device of the transformer is the lifting mechanism. The service life of the structure depends on its strength and reliability.

Modern models contain the following types of mechanisms:

  • spring-loaded works up to 20 thousand cycles;
  • gas lift about 90 thousand;
  • counterbalanced models are considered more reliable. They require additional space.

Secrets and rules of choice

To choose a quality headset, you should use the following rules:

  • as a material for the body, you should choose MDF or natural wood, which are characterized by a long service life;
  • lifting mechanisms and various fastening systems must be made of durable material;
  • unfolded furniture should not interfere with movement;
  • do not ignore the general one.

The convertible furniture was originally produced by French, Spanish and German manufacturers. When choosing budget options, it is worth considering models of domestic manufacturers.