Hipped roof with windows. The rafter system of the hipped roof: the main features of the frame
Complex roofs draw particular attention to the architecture of the building. Four-pitched roofs are popular in the construction of country houses. Four slopes located in different planes give the dwelling a respectable look. Most often, the slopes are made in different shapes: two of them are triangular and act as pediments, two are trapezoidal.
Design advantages
The installation of a hip or hip roof, in addition to an aesthetic appearance, has practical advantages:
- a comfortable temperature is maintained in the attic, surrounded by a roof on all sides;
- the structure of the rafters is strong and durable;
- high resistance to wind and precipitation;
- the space under the roof can be used for the attic.
Types of hipped roofs
Having a common basis, the subspecies of such coatings differ somewhat in execution:
- - the classic version with two triangular hips and two trapezoidal slopes.
- Half-hip - triangular slopes have a shortened shape, such a design is performed for the equipment of the attic.
- Hip - has the shape of a pyramid with triangular slopes. Suitable for a square building.
Design
The angle of inclination for the slopes is selected based on the recommendations of the roofing material manufacturers and natural features. For a soft roll roof, an angle of up to 18 degrees is sufficient, an angle of 15-60 degrees is suitable for slate, and an angle of 30 to 60 degrees should be laid underneath.
The amount of precipitation in winter is of great importance, if a significant amount of snow falls, then it is better to choose steep slopes on which precipitation lingers less.
When designing a rafter system, a lot must be taken into account: the section of the timber, the length of the rafters, the size of the run, the step of installing the elements. All possible loads on the roof are clarified at the design stage, they include:
- weight of the selected roofing;
- annual precipitation;
- weight of insulation and waterproofing;
- a device on the roof of various equipment (antennas, lights, windows, etc.);
In addition to the inherent loads, the roof of the house must have a margin of safety that guarantees the stability of the structure in an unforeseen situation. For the construction of the rafter system, timber and boards are used. If there is a need to strengthen the elements, the boards are doubled.
Before starting work, all lumber is treated with an antiseptic.
Work sequence
Roof installation begins with securing the supporting base - Mauerlat. This is a bar with a section of 150 × 150 mm, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls. Its horizontal placement is controlled by the level. The beam should not be at the edge of the wall, you need to leave a distance of 5–7 cm. The Mauerlat is fastened to the studs embedded in the masonry, which are tightened with nuts. This beam allows you to connect the rafter system and the walls of the house into a common structure.
For the installation of the racks, you need a floor or floor beams. These elements are made of 100 × 200 mm beams or double planks. All supports are installed strictly vertically and are attached to the bed with a metal corner or plate. For a hip roof, the racks are installed in one line, a ridge girder is attached to them. When erecting a hipped roof type, the supports are placed diagonally, equal distances are laid from the corner. As a result, they form a rectangle on which the purlins fit. Fastening is done with corners.
The side rafters are installed after pattern processing. A thin board is taken as a workpiece, applied to the girder and the gash is noted. The second end rests against the Mauerlat and the lower gash is outlined. The required number of rafters is prepared according to the template and installed with the selected fastening step, it can be from 60 cm to 1 meter. With the purlin and the base, the connection is made with staples or self-tapping screws.
Oblique rafters with a ridge run form the angle of inclination of the slopes. These rafters are placed diagonally and carry an additional load, so they use double boards. The rafters are washed down according to the template, their length takes into account the overhang of 50 cm. In the upper part, the rafters are connected with a crossbar to give strength. When installing a hipped roof, the rafters are connected in the ridge knot with puffs. The rafters are installed at an angle of 90 degrees and are necessarily connected to the walls with wire clamps.
Short rafters or rafters are attached to the diagonal rafters. They are of different lengths, but must be parallel to each other. Narodniks, together with ordinary rafters, form side slopes. For the hipped model, the installation of the cribs and the fastening of racks, struts and trusses is also the final stage of construction.
To relieve the load from the diagonal rafters, trusses are installed under them. These are vertical supports that rest on the beds. The side rafters are secured with struts. One of the horses of the board rests on the bed, and the second is cut at 45 degrees and attached to the rafter leg.
Lathing and insulation
Completing the construction of the roof will allow its insulation with basalt wool or foamed polystyrene. The material is laid between the rafters. The waterproofing layer will protect the roof from moisture. The dimensions of the lathing depend on the type of roofing; on the hip type, soft tiles look attractive, they need a continuous lathing.
Viewing a video explaining the nuances of installing rafters will help to conduct the construction correctly.
Video
See how the rafter system is installed:
Do-it-yourself hipped roof: drawings and photos below.
How a hipped roof is mounted
Rafter system plan drawing
Installation of lathing, vapor barrier, waterproofing
Arrangement of different layers of a hipped roof requires careful attention to each stage of work.
Each layer to be laid has its own function, all layers together form a single system, which protects the structure.
Laying the lathing
The lathing is a wooden structure consisting of beams located across the rafter legs. The optimal cross-section of the lathing bars is 50x50 mm.
Before installing the board, the sheathing requires treatment with antiseptic agents.
The lathing is mounted either in a continuous layer or in a step of 100-150 mm (depending on the outer coating).
The crate should be fastened with nails.
Installation of battens
Installation of vapor barrier
A vapor barrier film is installed in order to to prevent moisture from entering the thermal insulation layer... The vapor barrier film is attached to the sheathing boards with an overlapping stapler. Places of overlap are sealed with tape.
In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits snugly against the boards. In places where pipes or windows are installed, rubber or polyurethane adhesive tapes can be used.
CAUTION!
The vapor barrier material should not bend around the sheathing boards in order to prevent the formation of places for water accumulation.
Water vapor has a high penetrating power, therefore installation of vapor barrier is a very important stage of work.
Installation of vapor barrier
Installation of waterproofing
After installing the insulation, waterproofing is laid. Waterproofing does not let the moisture accumulated in the under-roof space inside the roofing cake. Like the thermal insulation film, the waterproofing is overlapped and the joints are glued.
It is especially important to properly lay the film in the ridge part.... The ridge area is most susceptible to the accumulation of condensate vapors.
The importance of each stage in the installation of the roof of the hip roof cannot be underestimated, and even more so, refuse to install any element.
Installation of waterproofing
Hip roofs are considered the most durable and durable... They were installed more than a hundred years ago, and such structures have established themselves as reliable and durable.
Despite the complexity of the design, you can install it yourself, the main thing is to carry out each stage of work step by step in a clear sequence and choose high-quality, reliable material, because the roof should protect the house for more than a dozen years.
Useful video
In this video you will learn how to build a hip roof with your own hands:
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Reading time ≈ 4 minutes
The hip (hipped) roof gives the house a sophisticated look. The special design of the roof allows you to additionally protect the structure itself, its walls from moisture. Therefore, building a roof with four slopes is optimal for regions with high rainfall and strong winds.
Stages of building a hipped roof
The first stage in the construction of a roof is to determine the purpose of the roof (covers the attic floor, attic, etc.), the choice of roof material (depending on this, a list of materials for construction will be determined), taking into account the atmospheric conditions of the place where the roof will be used (wind, rains , snow).
Choosing a hip roof will make the structure more resistant to rain and make it more durable (the rafter system is more reliable). The main difference between this type of roof and a gable roof is that instead of side gables, it has two triangular roof slopes.
When choosing the angle of inclination of the slopes, one should take into account the level of precipitation and the wind characteristics of the terrain. With low and medium average annual precipitation, it is recommended to choose an angle in the range of 4-40 degrees. With heavy snowfalls and lingering rains, the recommended optimal slope angle of the slopes is within 40-60 degrees.
The roofing material can be: roll roofing, shingles or metal shingles.
Depending on all of the above nuances, the thickness and other parameters of the wooden component of the hipped roof will be selected.
The end result of the first stage is the creation of a scheme for the future roof, on the basis of which the construction will be carried out.
We will describe the further technology of how to make a hipped roof with our own hands.
The second stage is to build the base for the roof. The base is used to evenly distribute the load from the roof to the load-bearing walls. The construction of a hipped roof assumes a base that you can build on your own - a wooden Mauerlat and beds. Waterproofing is required under the base to extend the life of the roof. A Mauerlat is placed on the hydro-barrier along the outer contour of the building (the size of this bar varies, either 100x150 mm, or 50x150 mm.).
Legs - a bar located in the plane of the base of the rafter system at the same distance from the two side Mauerlats. It serves as a supporting element for struts and struts, so it is laid on load-bearing partitions (see drawings of a hipped roof). Large roof structures can provide several beds.
The third stage is the direct installation of the roof frame (base, rafters, lathing).
The construction of a roof in a house with or without existing ceilings is structurally different (in this case, there is no need to lay floor beams on which supports will be installed).
The installation of the struts (vertical supports of the roof frame) should be approached with special care. The installation angle (90 degrees) must be precisely maintained. At the slightest deviation, further roof deformation is possible. The step of mounting the racks is up to two meters.
The device of the hipped roof of the house consists of four planes (slopes). Two trapezoidal and two triangular. Trapezoidal rafters will be formed by side rafters, hip (triangular rafters) - slant (diagonal) rafters.
The support of the rafters at the top of the frame is carried out into the ridge beam (run). This bar goes on top of the vertical posts (groove connection with the posts is possible). The distance between the rafters is from 50 to 150 cm (according to the roof plan). The recommended width of the rafter board is 150 mm.
The frame is fastened using corners and steel plates with self-tapping screws (nails). To strengthen the resulting structure, diagonal supports, struts, wind beams are used. They increase the load capacity of the system.
Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. Then a counter-lattice is made (bars that are attached to the rafters over the waterproofing). It is needed to create a ventilation duct between the roofing material, lathing and waterproofing. This will allow moisture to be removed quickly and efficiently. Next, the lathing is performed - the horizontal boards are attached from the bottom to the very top to the counter-lattice (see the diagram of the hipped roof device).
The last step is the installation of the roofing material. Installation is carried out depending on the parameters of the material. An example.
The roof is just as important as the foundation and walls. Its design sets the mood for the entire architectural ensemble, makes the building neat and attractive. The four-pitched roof has gained wide popularity not only because of its high reliability and external attractiveness, but also due to the opportunity to equip additional structures - dormer and dormer windows, bay windows, etc. Despite the fact that the installation of such a roof is a little more expensive and more complicated than a gable structure , it is still easy to build it with your own hands.
Advantages of gable roofs over gable structures
One of the main tasks that appears at the stage of designing your own house is the choice of the type of roof. The presence of many options among gable and gable structures requires an answer to the question of which roof to give preference to. And although the aesthetics of the structure plays an important role, the criteria of reliability and practicality still come to the fore.
The gable roof is a classic structure, which is formed by two opposite slopes and a pair of vertical end parts called gables. The spacious under-roof space allows you to equip the attic, living quarters or use the attic for domestic purposes.
The classic gable roof can be easily recognized by a pair of rectangular slopes that adjoin each other along the central axis of the building, and two triangular pediments at its ends.Structures of this type, due to their simplicity and practicality, have long remained the most popular in individual construction. At the same time, the dependence of the geometry of the roof on the size of the structure, as well as the complication and rise in the cost of the structure when arranging the attic, forced to search for other, more practical and functional options. And they were found in the form of a variety of hipped roofs, which basically have a pair of triangular and two trapezoidal slopes. The latter are often called hips, and the roof itself is called hip. When erecting a structure of this type, there is no need for pediments and it becomes possible to make the building more modern and original.
The slopes of the simplest hip roof define surfaces in the form of two trapezoids and a pair of triangles There are several advantages of hip roofs over traditional gable structures:
- the possibility of arranging attic windows directly on the slopes;
- increased strength, reliability and stability of the rafter system;
- increased resistance to weather factors;
- the possibility of increasing the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic by simply reducing the width of the hip base;
- more even distribution of roof weight;
- improved temperature regime when arranging an attic room.
Don't be fooled by the many advantages of a more stylish hipped roof - it also has disadvantages. These include a more complex design, a slight reduction in the size of the attic and an uneconomical waste of roofing material. As for the costs, the budget that will be required for the construction of both roofs does not differ significantly.
The four-pitched roof is not a know-how in architecture - its design has been known since ancient times Hip roof classification
Differences in the shape of buildings, as well as the requirements for functionality and practicality of traditional hip roofing, have led to many variations. If you do not consider the most exotic of them, there are several main types of hipped roofs.
- Traditional hip roof, the side slopes of which reach the level of the cornice. For the construction of its main surfaces, straight rafters are used, and the ribs of the hips form bars extending from the ends of the ridge. The well-developed design and distribution of the weight of the roof over an increased area allows not only placing the overhangs on one line, but also increasing their overhang. Thanks to this, the facade of the building is reliably protected from rain even in strong gusts of wind.
Glazing elements are often built into the slopes of a classic hip roof - The hipped roof can be installed on a house that is square in plan. A feature of this design is the slopes of the same configuration. Their ribs converge at one point, and their hips are in the shape of isosceles triangles.
Hip roofs are widely used in modern individual construction - Half-hip roofs got their name from the shortened hips. In contrast to the traditional roof, their length decreases 1.5–3 times as compared to the size of the main slopes.
The side slopes of half-hip roofs have a shortened length, so they don't reach the eaves line - The Danish half-hip roof has a small pediment under the ridge and a short hip on the eaves side. This design allows you to install ventilation and lighting elements directly into the vertical end of the roof, thereby eliminating the need to install roof windows.
The Danish project is good in that it allows you to easily equip attic spaces - The semi-hip Dutch roof has a vertical pediment that divides the hip into two short ramps. The rafter system "Dutch", although it has increased complexity, but it allows you to make the attic more spacious and practical. In addition, this design is excellent for installing vertical glazing in the attic.
The roof, built according to the Dutch project, is still rare in our area. - The sloping hipped roof has several slopes of different sizes on one slope. Thanks to their different inclination, it is possible to increase the volume of the roof space. Although the broken structure cannot be called simple, houses with such a roof are very common. The reason for the popularity is the ability to equip additional living rooms on the upper tier. For this reason, a roof with broken slopes is often called an attic.
The sloping roof makes the architecture of the building somewhat heavier, but it allows you to equip several living quarters in the attic space
There are also more complex structures of many hips, as well as those in which the hipped roof is combined with other types of roofing systems. The design and installation of such a roof requires many years of experience and knowledge, so it is better to entrust the construction of a tricky roof to specialists.
Design of hipped roofs
When developing a hip roof, all types of loads that will act on it are taken into account. To do this, first of all, several important issues should be resolved:
- the purpose of the attic space;
- roofing material;
- the degree of atmospheric impact in the construction region.
Based on these factors, the degree of slope of the slopes and the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof are determined, the load is calculated and a decision is made on the design and parameters of the rafter system.
Geometric parameters of slopes
The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the snow and wind load, therefore it varies over a very wide range - from 5 to 60 degrees. In areas with rainy weather and high snow cover, roofs are erected with a slope of 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by strong winds and minimal rainfall, then the slope can be reduced to the very minimum.
When determining the angular parameters of the roof, it is imperative to take into account what material it will be covered with:
- slate sheets, ondulin, roofing metal and roll materials are laid on slopes with a slope of 14 to 60 degrees;
- the tiles are mounted on a surface with a slope of 30 to 60 degrees;
- roll coating is used on sloping slopes - from 5 to 18 degrees.
Having decided on the angle of inclination of the roof, it is not at all difficult to calculate at what height the ridge will be. To do this, use simple trigonometric formulas for a right-angled triangle.
Roof area
Even the most complex hip roof consists of individual slopes that repeat the contours of the simplest geometric shapes, therefore, most often, for calculations, it is enough to know the linear dimensions of the base and the angles of inclination of the hips.
To determine the quadrature of the roof, it is necessary to add up the areas of the slopes of which it consists The total roof area is calculated by summing the quadrature of the individual hips. Slopes of complex configuration are divided into several simple surfaces, after which separate calculations are carried out for each of them.
The principles of calculating the geometric parameters of hipped roofs are based on calculations for simple surfaces Calculation of loads
The loads acting on the hipped roof are divided into two types:
- permanent,
- periodic.
The first includes the weight of roofing materials, rafters, battens and other frame parts. The second are the efforts that precipitation and wind force exert. In addition, the calculation should take into account the payload in the form of a variety of engineering systems and communications attached to the elements of the rafter system.
Focusing on SNiP, when designing a roof, it is necessary to take a snow load of 180 kg / sq. m. With the danger of snow accumulation on the roof, this parameter rises to 400-450 kg / sq. m. If the roof has a slope angle of more than 60 degrees, then the snow load can be ignored - on surfaces with such steep slopes, precipitation does not linger.
The force of wind loads is much less - up to 35 kg / sq. m. If the roof slope is from 5 to 30 degrees, then the effect of the wind can be neglected.
The above parameters of atmospheric effects are averaged values \u200b\u200badopted for the middle lane. When performing calculations, correction factors should be used depending on the region of construction.
Calculation of the rafter system
When calculating the rafter system, the pitch of the rafters and the maximum load that they can carry are determined. Based on these data, a decision is made on the installation of braces, which contribute to the redistribution of the load, and puffs, which protect the frame from loosening.
The main load of the hip roof falls on the diagonal rafters The presence of hips on hipped roofs, in addition to ordinary rafters, also requires the installation of diagonal (in another way, slant-type) - those that are attached to the ridge and directed to the corners of the building. Their length is greater than the transverse nodal elements of the roof. In addition, shortened elements are attached to the diagonal ribs. Compared to conventional rafters, the slant legs experience a 1.5–2 times greater load, so their cross-section is doubled, and to ensure multi-span they are supported with one or two racks.
Often, hip roofs have a complicated rafter system, which, in contrast to a simple four-slope structure, exerts additional load in the places where vertical supports are installed. This feature must be taken into account when calculating the strength of the roof timber frame.
The distance of laying the rafters is called a step and is determined based on the length of the rafter leg and the section of the lumber used. It is most convenient to determine this parameter by using special tables, one of which is given below.
Table: dependence of the section and pitch of the rafters on their length
Manual calculations are quite time consuming. To reduce design time, you can use one of the online hip roof calculators. With its help, you can determine not only the geometric parameters, but also a lot of other equally important factors:
- the amount of moisture and thermal insulation, taking into account overlaps;
- the amount of roofing material, including waste generated during cutting;
- the amount of lumber required to equip the rafter system;
- length of overhangs, etc.
Video: using a construction calculator to calculate the roof
What materials will be needed to assemble the rafter system
For the construction of a hip roof, timber and boards made of larch, pine and other coniferous wood are best suited. When choosing a material for construction, it is necessary to carefully reject defective boards. Fungus damage, knots and cracks reduce the strength of the boards and affect the durability of the roof. When the moisture content of wood is more than 22%, lumber is stacked in the open air and dried. It should be understood that unfinished boards can warp, and this, in turn, will lead to a violation of the geometry of the roof with possible damage to the finish coating.
To assemble a wooden frame, a rectangular bar with a cross section from 80x80 mm to 150x150 mm is used - the exact parameters are determined by calculation or using the table above. Alternatively, you can use a board with a section of 50x100 mm or 50x200 mm. If there is a need to strengthen the rafter leg, then use paired boards.
For reliable fastening, as well as increasing the rigidity of the wooden frame, steel brackets and other metal elements are used. Often, not wooden, but steel supports are installed under especially loaded ridge girders. Combined frames have increased strength and reliability.
Features of the rafter system
In order to properly design and install a hipped roof, it is necessary to understand in detail its structure, as well as the features of arranging hip roofs of the most common types.
The device of the rafter system in detail
The hip roof frame consists of most of the same parts as the gable, but a more complex rafter system requires the installation of additional elements. Upon closer examination, you can find the following components:
All of these elements can be found in any type of hipped roof. The only exception is the hipped roof, which does not have side rafters and ridge beams.
In wooden and frame houses, the rafter system is mounted without a Mauerlat. In the first case, its functions are taken over by the extreme crowns, and in the second - by the upper strapping.
Varieties of rafter systems for hip roofs
Since the basis of the rafter system of the hip roof is made up of nipple rafters, the following rules must be followed when installing the roof frame:
- In structures where the slant legs experience an increased load, a beam of double thickness is used for their manufacture.
- The splicing of individual parts of the diagonal rafters is performed in places with a maximum load (most often in the upper part) and strengthened with struts and vertical racks installed at an angle of 90 ° to the rafter legs.
- In the manufacture of overhead rafters, a margin should be provided for on-site trimming, therefore, the calculated length of the timber is increased by 5-10%.
- The critical junctions of the rafter legs must be reinforced with metal fasteners - staples, twists or perforated construction strips.
When choosing a rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the size of the building and the presence of internal supports or capital walls. Based on the specific conditions, choose a scheme with hanging or layered rafters.
Hanging rafter system
The roof structure with hanging rafters does not have support along the centerline, so the bulk of the weight falls on the walls of the outer perimeter. This feature manifests itself in the redistribution of internal forces - the rafter system is subjected to compressive and bending loads. As for the walls, significant bursting forces are transferred to them. To eliminate this factor, each pair of rafters is connected with each other by so-called puffs - jumpers made of wooden beams or rolled metal.
The tightening can be located both at the base of the rafter legs, and above. In the first case, the lintel will also play the role of a transverse beam, which is a good option for the construction of an attic roof. If the tightening is installed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe center line or higher, then it will only serve as a fastening link. It should be noted that the cost of the rafter system depends on such a seemingly insignificant moment as the installation height of the puffs. The higher the transverse jumpers are located, the larger the cross-section of all the components of the wooden frame should be.
Hip roofs with layered and hanging rafters have differences between the supporting structural elements Construction with layered rafters
A hip roof with layered rafters is suitable only for those houses whose interior space is divided into two equal parts by a main wall or supporting pillars installed to support the ceiling. In this case, the lower edge of the rafter legs rests on the Mauerlat, and the middle part on the supporting wall. The presence of additional support points allows you to unload the elements of the rafter system, removing from them, as well as from the walls of the building, alternating horizontal forces. Like roof beams, rafters begin to work only for bending. The frame with layered rafters becomes more rigid and durable compared to the structure in which the unsupported rafters are used. And this despite the fact that in the first case, you can use a bar of a smaller section. And this helps to reduce the weight of the wooden structure and reduces the cost of purchasing lumber.
Installation of a hipped roof
The assembly of the rafter system must be performed in a strictly defined order. This is necessary in order to correctly install and fix all structural elements of the roof.
- To redistribute the load that the roofing structure, wind and precipitation exert on the walls, a Mauerlat is laid on the outer walls. In individual construction, for these purposes, a bar with a section of at least 100x150 mm is used. Anchor pins are used to fasten the longitudinal beams of the structure. They must be laid in the upper rows of masonry even at the stage of wall construction. Mauerlat waterproofing is performed using two layers of roofing material, which is laid over the load-bearing walls.
Mauerlat is attached to the load-bearing wall with bolts or anchors - If it is necessary to install vertical supports, planks are laid on the supporting walls. For horizontal alignment of the elements of the rafter system, wooden linings are used. In the future, this will greatly simplify the installation of racks and purlins. If the capital partitions are not provided for by the building plan, then the vertical supports are mounted on the floor beams. To do this, they are reinforced by splicing two boards of 50x200 mm or using one beam of 100x200 mm.
Support of vertical racks on beams is allowed only if the structure rests on a main wall - Expose the support posts. To align them, use a plumb line or a laser level, after which temporary supports are installed. Metal corners and plates are used to attach the vertical support to a bed or horizontal beam.
- Girders are laid on top of the racks. Traditional hip roofing requires the installation of one run, which, in fact, forms the ridge. Hip structures require the installation of four girders. As with the installation of racks, fastening is performed using metal corners and self-tapping screws.
The ridge girder can be attached either directly to the rafter leg or by means of wooden pads - Preparing the rafters. The side rafter legs of simple gable roofs are mounted in the same way as layered on a gable roof. First you need to make a template. To do this, from the side of the extreme support, a board of the same width is applied to the ridge as the rafters. Its thickness should not exceed 25 mm - the template should be light. On this board, a cut is noted, which is necessary for reliable support and an accurate fit of the rafter leg to the ridge bar, as well as a cutout corresponding to the place where it joins with the Mauerlat. The marked places are cut out and then used to quickly prepare the rafter legs.
Making a template can reduce the time it takes to prepare the rafters for installation - When applying the manufactured sample to the girder, it is necessary to check whether an exact fit of the rafters is necessary. If there are gaps, the cuts in the rafters are performed taking into account the amendments. After all the supporting legs are ready, they are set in 50–150 cm increments and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge. Brackets are best suited for installation, but you can also take powerful metal corners.
- As already mentioned, diagonal rafters are made from spliced \u200b\u200bboards or a bar of an increased section. For their installation, you will also need a template, which is prepared in full accordance with the method described above. Since the rafters with one side adjoin the corner of the Mauerlat, and the other rest on the racks, the cut is performed at an angle of 45 ° to the plane.
The layout of the rafters and rafters on the hip roof is performed according to the template - In the intervals between the rafters, the beads are attached. Their step corresponds to the distance between the rafters, and the diagonal legs and the Mauerlat are the support points. The load experienced by the rafters cannot be compared with the weight that falls on the rafters, so the former can be constructed from boards 30-50 mm thick. To speed up the installation, you will need a template with cuts on the side of the diagonal rafters and Mauerlat, but the cutouts on the half of the rafters must be made in mirror image.
The use of metal fasteners makes the rafter system more rigid and stable - If necessary, filly are fastened to the rafters and the rafters. The ends of the rafter elements are cut along the cord.
Attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat can be done in several ways - Reinforce the slant and side rafters. In the first case, vertical sprengels are used, and in the second, struts installed at an angle of 45 °. They are supported on beds or beams.
- After the rafter system is assembled, a roofing pie is installed on top of it.
The rafter system is prepared for the installation of roofing materials
Lathing and insulation
Before proceeding with the installation of the lathing, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the rafters, and, if necessary, rolled thermal insulation. On top, the layer of insulation is covered with a waterproofing film, which is mounted with an overlap of 10–20 mm wide and attached to the timber with a construction stapler. After that, counter-lattice slats are nailed to the rafters. If the roofing cake is mounted without insulation, then vapor barrier is not required - a layer of moisture-resistant material will be enough. Of course, additional slats are not needed in this case, since the boards supporting the roof will be attached directly to the rafters and rafter legs.
Depending on the type of roofing material, one of two types of lathing is used on hip roofs:
- solid;
- sparse.
The first is most often equipped with a soft roof and only in some cases - for arranging an attic space. Sheathing of this type is made of boards with a width of 100 to 200 mm and a thickness of at least 20-25 mm. Installation is carried out without gaps. In addition, the use of plywood sheets and OSB boards is allowed. Their advantage is an extremely flat surface, which allows you to lay the roofing material with minimal time and effort.
Under the soft roof, they equip a continuous crate made of OSB, plywood or boards stuffed without a gap For a sparse lathing, the same boards are used as in the first case, but they are mounted with a gap. Since this type of base is used for laying slate, corrugated board, metal tiles and roofing iron, the distance between the individual boards must take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.
The lathing is fastened with nails, the length of which is equal to three times the thickness of the boards. If self-tapping screws are used for fixing, then a shorter threaded fastener with a length corresponding to double the thickness of the lumber can be used.
For fastening slate, ondulin and other sheet materials, a sparse crate is used The wooden base of the roofing cake is mounted from the bottom up, with the first board of each slope being set parallel to the Mauerlat. First, the crate is stuffed on the hips, after which the protruding edges are cut off with a hacksaw flush with the diagonal ribs. Next, they proceed to fastening the lumber on the main slopes, releasing the edges of the boards for the nesting rafters. After that, the ends of the boards are sawn down similarly to the first case.
Video: we build a hip roof with our own hands
Typical hip roof project
When building a simple hip roof, you can use a typical project that was developed by specialists. Design documentation includes:
- technological map;
- roofing design;
- rafter system diagrams;
- drawings of sections and corner abutments;
- statement and specification with a complete list of materials used.
As an example, below is the documentation for a typical project of a hip roof for a 155 sq. m.
Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof
The drawing indicates the exact dimensions of all roof elements At the base of the truss there are triangles. The rafters of the trapezoidal slopes rest on the long load-bearing walls of the structure. Tightens are installed at the base of the rafters and act as floor beams. rafter fastenings wooden and metal products are used Fastenings allow transferring the load from one element of the system to another
Despite the seeming complexity of a gable roof, it is not much more difficult to build it with your own hands than a gable structure. It is only important to carefully understand the purpose of individual elements and the principles of building a rafter system. For the rest, the reliability and durability of the roof will still depend on adherence to technology and accuracy of installation. As for the additional complications and costs, they will pay off with complete satisfaction from the work, which will make the building brighter and more attractive.
In the course of building your own home, you have to solve thousands of issues, giving preference to one or another design solutions and materials. Even if the work is performed by a professional firm, the responsibility for this choice lies with the customer. And when a house is built on its own, then not only the project approval, but also its implementation falls on the shoulders of the homeowner.
In the old days, the knowledge of how to build a house was passed on by word of mouth from the old generation to the new. Moreover, every adult man put them into practice, creating a home for his family. Now, a person without building skills does not know how to build with his own hands. However, he can get this information on the Internet, starting from ready-made projects and ending with video instructions.
Appearance and benefits
A hip roof, also called a hip roof, consists of 4 inclined planes, ramps and a rectangular base. Two of them have a trapezoidal shape, they are located on the sides, and the end slopes resemble triangles and are located where the gable roof would have gables. Dormer or dormer windows, cuckoos, bay windows are placed on the slopes, which makes the appearance of such a roof even more interesting.
Those who are going to build a hipped roof with their own hands explain this choice by its advantages:
Project creation
Before starting construction, it is necessary to create its project and drawings in order to avoid mistakes in the process of installation work. After the length and width of the house have been determined, the following calculations are performed:
The composition of the rafter system
To understand how to make a hipped roof, you need to find out the composition of its rafter system. This is the collection of all supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing material lies. It includes:
Frame installation
A four-slope roof can be erected quite simply, subject to the availability of the necessary tools and a couple of physically strong assistants. The work is performed in the following order:
Having studied the question of how to make a four-pitched roof of a house with your own hands, you can save a lot on wages for a hired team and be confident in the quality of the work performed. Although the structure is considered complex, its assembly is quite within the power of a person with initial building skills, theoretical knowledge and the desire to build a house on his own!
Video instruction
