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How to use furniture constructors online

You buy inexpensive furniture without compromising on quality because:

Save on expensive designer and measurer fees.

You get the opportunity to complete the house with furniture in stages.

You independently select the parameters of your furniture.

You design furniture to your liking.

All the fittings on the market are available to you.

You can see online how the price is formed.

You buy inexpensive and high quality furniture.

TOP-4 advantages of cooperation with the company "Furniture details"

You pay fair, not overpriced furniture.

You watch how the price of the product changes online. It's easy for you to fit into a budget.

You do not pay for the services of operators and managers and save money.

You use the "Constructor", where you create a drawing and get a furniture assembly scheme.

Why are products of the Mebelnye Detaliy company more profitable than finished furniture?

• You choose the dimensions yourself.
• You don't depend on the designer.
• You get the opportunity to choose a material or accessories of your choice.
• You save on purchases.

Why are the products of the Mebelnye Detaliy company more profitable than an individual order of furniture?

• You save on the services of a measurer, designer and assembler.
• You know immediately how much you have to pay.
• You will not face an unpleasant surprise in the form of a "price sentence".

Feedback from our clients:

• We ordered a large number of bedside tables for a children's institution. The budget was limited. "Shop prices" simply did not pull. The designer literally saved the day. We have developed a simple model of a bedside table with inexpensive fittings and high-quality materials. Delivered quickly, carefully assembled. We plan to order a couple more dressers.
  Marina, Zelenograd
• For several years we have dreamed of a large corner cabinet. But the financial capacity left much to be desired. You cannot find suitable models in stores, and they did not dare to order a custom-made corner structure. There are such prices lomat that it is easier to buy an airplane. We tried Constructor just out of interest. The cost was pleasantly surprised. We took a chance. Ordered. We have been using it for six months already - everything is perfect. Anton, Moscow

• In this company, even sliding doors are really cheaper than in a store. We could not even imagine that we are independently capable of influencing the price of some kind of doors. We got used to the fact that in markets you have to pay for what you have. We saved money, bought a wardrobe at once, and also had enough for a nightstand. Ksenia, Moscow
• Today practically no one offers the service of manufacturing furniture according to drawings. And our company has a lot of comments on store models and even catalogs with a "wide range" do not correct the situation. We send the third drawing to "Furniture detail", everyone makes the size to size, sometimes they even give good advice. As a result, we have probably the best furniture in Moscow in our office. And inexpensive! Dmitry Valentinovich, Moscow

The built-in designer of the sliding wardrobe and its doors is furniture with your own hands and the calculation for an individual place

3D designer wardrobe 3d designer doors for sliding wardrobe online

3d corner cabinet designer online

Many homes have handmade furniture. Instead of buying ready-made sets, people choose not only to make unusual, non-standard furniture, but also make it themselves. After all, there are few reasons to make furniture yourself:

1. Furniture furnishings of non-standard sizes and even non-standard designs are required due to the peculiarities of the premises or unusual design solutions
2. In the house of a home master there is not and cannot be anything that is not made with one's own hands.
3. Self-production allows you to stretch the arrangement of premises for a long time and do it in the cheapest way without loss of quality

Do-it-yourself sliding wardrobe: calculation and configuration determination

For many who know how to hold a tool in their hands, making furniture home is a unique pleasure. A self-respecting craftsman is most often able to completely repeat the factory accuracy and quality, and even more often - he can surpass them, making many parts and operations by hand, with an individual and meticulous approach. This approach is impossible in the case of mass serial and even piece production of furniture.

Doing things with your own hands is a unique opportunity that has begun to be appreciated in society on a broader scale than before. This is what such work under the motto "Do it yourself" means:

• Few limited creative options. Most often, the master himself comes up with wardrobes, which he will do, performing the work of a designer. You can ask for design help from professionals or independently implement professional design development
• Exceptional pleasure from high-quality manual labor
• Possibility of saving money on payment for custom-made furniture, “on the side”.

The increase in the number of people who want to make furniture on their own is also explained by the availability of any tool, including the one that is so necessary for the home craftsman - a powerful and accurate portable power tool.

Making furniture with your own hands is a multi-stage process. Before making furniture, you need to come up with it, solving many problems - from the interior of the room to the features of assembly on site. Furniture manufacturing can also be different - leisurely, slow work in the old-fashioned way, with a hand tool, or quick intensive work using numerous power tools and modern fasteners. And always - accurate and difficult calculations.

Much depends on the time you can devote to making furniture with your own hands. Some home craftsmen would gladly build a lot on their own, but they do not have the opportunity to devote sufficient time to this most interesting activity.

Good opportunities for creating furniture quickly and efficiently appeared with the development of composite materials - today almost all cabinet furniture is made of these solid and durable plates with fully finished decorative front surfaces.

Modern capabilities allow all work on creating furniture from composite materials to be reduced to assembly on site - there are automatic design systems, including design ones, which provide detailing and greatly facilitate the work. Furniture blanks can be ordered based on the results of development on such a designer.

In addition to the ultimate goal of creating furniture, the designer also provides an intermediate result - sufficiently detailed drawings that can help the home craftsman many times in many things.

Do it all from wood

Previously, all furniture was made of wood. In the modern world, other materials are also used for arranging households and making furniture - metal, glass, plastics, and most often - perfect composite materials. These materials - various types of wood fiber and particle boards (chipboard, MDF) allow the manufacture of most types of furniture products.

Here are the benefits of using composite materials:

1. A very high level and quality of appearance - these are absolutely flat slabs with a resistant finish in a huge assortment of patterns, colors and even textures
2. High manufacturability of work with such materials - instrumental operations of cutting, drilling and milling are performed almost instantly, even with the help of a hand-held power tool
3. The simplicity of not only manufacturing, but also design - you can both do and invent without engaging in the development and manufacture of individual parts.

One of the main advantages of composite material is that furniture made from it continues to be considered and perceived as wood! This feeling is stronger, the closer the drawing of the finished surface of such material is to the look of real wood.

But sheet materials with a pattern other than wood are no worse! They open up many decorative and design perspectives. Today, the use of such materials is wider than the use of boards with the image of wood grain. Composite boards with such a free pattern or surface color have many advantages:

• Various and unlimited colors and ornaments, textures and patterns
• Ample opportunities not only for integration into the interior, but also for the creation and formation of an interior around such a material. Such an active role is usually played by bright, frank colors - white, blue, red, yellow
• Board materials can be made completely unique by painting them yourself or by applying an applique or any other method. The main thing is that such an individual finishing is carried out after cutting the sheets into blanks.
• The form in which such materials are produced - mainly slabs - makes them easy for the independent craftsman to work with. Understanding the peculiarities of the junction of flat elements - shields, plates, the master can come up with and assemble forms of any complexity. Despite the planar nature of composite materials, faceted shapes resembling curved ones can be assembled from them.

You can effectively complete the work on your own furniture with the help of detailing. Fittings, locks, decorative linings and other furniture details give the finished work a final look.

You can independently make any type of furniture with understandable design and technological limitations. The most common furniture is wardrobes. This is an absolutely necessary furniture in any home, for the manufacture of which composite sheet materials are ideally suited.

DIY equipment and tools for making furniture

Every home has a hammer and a screwdriver. The DIY tool lover has a little more. Depending on the profile and personal sympathies of the craftsman, his tools are formed - with a carpentry or locksmith's "accent", with equipment for welding, soldering, working with electronics and electrical systems.

To work with furniture, you also need an appropriate tool park. Particular attention should be paid to measuring and marking tools, which are also represented by a variety of devices and instruments:

• In addition to the natural need for tape measures of different lengths, different rulers are needed, preferably metal ones - under them you can cut with a knife and mark with a metal tool. It is important to have metal squares, at least, to determine the right angle. The larger the square, the more accurate it will work. A protractor will not hurt, which will help you find any corner.
• For accurate measurements, it is important to have a vernier caliper, and even a micrometer for the most demanding craftsmen. Many people use various mandrels and templates designed to work with standard parts - holes, sockets and grooves, for example - for inserting furniture hinges
• A very useful gage is a simple device for marking parallel lines.
• We need a tool for spatial measurements and marking - bubble and water levels, a plumb line. Modern technology has provided a variety of laser devices - rangefinders, levels and so on. This tool is also required for working with built-in wardrobes and other large forms.

The simplest set of tools is needed in any home. The master should have not one hammer, but several - of different weights, a set of screwdrivers, possibly with replaceable heads. Such a set should be complemented by a set of keys, which also have different types of heads. Here are some other tools you need:

1. Various types of hacksaws for wood and metal
2. Planer and knives
3. Hatchet and chisels
4. Files and sandpaper.

It is good if the master has the need and the ability to have a power tool. At the very least, you can have a screwdriver - you can use it like a drill. A jigsaw, a real drill, a sharpener will not interfere. It is very good if you have a hammer drill, grinders, cutting equipment - "grinder" and a small circular saw.

The owner of such a set can perform almost any operation, the need for which may arise in the manufacture and installation of furniture. Of course, there should be room for tools in the designed cabinets.

How to competently work with your own hands

Making furniture with your own hands is a common creative and design process. It consists in the implementation of the invented idea. Here are the main stages of developing such an idea and making the conceived furniture:

Sketch development. The idea of ​​self-developed furniture must necessarily be individual in nature. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain why it was necessary to do this - after all, modern furniture production can fulfill any order for products in a single copy.

Comprehensive checking and thinking about the sketch. For example, you need to make sure that all the required fittings are on sale. It is very important to study how furniture of this selected type is made, how structural units and parts are arranged.

Thinking over and analyzing the sketch, you can achieve a competent and effective solution, trusting its final drawing.

The capabilities of modern online constructors allow those who wish to combine a sketch and a project in one operation. The designer does his job automatically and the home craftsman will receive all the drawings at once.

The designer provides not only drawings, but also the manufacture of blanks with the required accuracy - the master only needs to do the most interesting work - assembly and final finishing.

The home craftsman has a huge advantage - he is on site and can comprehensively think over the design. Those who are not sure about the correctness of the decisions can use a method that is not always available to professional furniture manufacturers and assemblers - modeling in kind.

One of the techniques for such modeling is the image of the dimensions and parts of future furniture directly on the walls and floor of the room. This way you can make sure that the size of the furniture and its structure are in line with the idea and do not degrade the room.

The second technique is even more descriptive. It consists in life-size prototyping of future furniture using cardboard, plywood scraps, paper and any materials at hand. You can even outline the contours of such furniture using stretched cords.

When all doubts have dissipated and the decision has been made, you can order blanks. When working with composite materials, one of the important tasks is precise, with an allowable error of less than a millimeter, cutting slabs into blanks. Even with a good hand held power tool, such work is difficult to do well, and this operation is very important precisely for quality assurance. Even some professional furniture companies order cutting "on the side". The fact is that high-quality cutting is done on a special stand, a cutting machine. This is a complex complex, for the installation of which a specially allotted area is required, equipped with dust removal. The cost of such a cutting complex is quite high and it is good where it will be fully loaded.

For a home craftsman, such a technological idea is also very effective. A few days after finishing work on the drawings and sending an application, you can receive all the details with home delivery.

The DIYer enjoys the important advantage of choosing fittings. For many types of furniture, the importance of fittings is decisive - from appearance to construction.

Types of furniture with your own hands

A DIY furniture designer can do a lot. The most common type of furniture, the development and manufacture of which does not require special equipment and conditions, is cabinet furniture, that is, one whose design provides for the presence of a cabinet. These are various wardrobes, drawers, shelves, desks, dressers and much more.

Sliding wardrobes have become widespread in recent years. It is an ingenious design that allows niches and recesses in the walls to be used for cabinetry. If there are no such niches, then this type of cabinet is simply attached to the wall, sometimes adjacent to the corner. There are also corner solutions for such cabinets.

The efficiency of this type of cabinet furniture is much higher than that of a conventional cabinet. This is due to the fact that the wardrobe can completely take up the space intended for it, without gaps and gaps, and its internal structure is completely focused on the needs of the owners.

The fittings for the sliding wardrobe are the same as for conventional wardrobes:

1. Hangers and rods for hanging clothes on hangers, including - lowering rods - pantographs
2. Shelves, including special ones, for shoes
3. Drawers - drawers and baskets
4. Fittings and accessories - hooks, pull-out rods, mirrors, etc.

The technology of the sliding wardrobe allows you to design and build a variety of furniture compositions - wardrobes, kitchen sets, books, utility, universal storage containers. It is possible to make unique designs, cabinets - partitions between rooms with access from both sides. Quite unusual solutions can be implemented - including furniture with inclined walls and much more.

The table shows some examples of furniture that a DIYer can make using an online builder:

№	Furniture type	Characteristics and features
1	Writing and dining tables	Desks turn out well, but dining tables require, most often, a supporting structure made of wood or metal - the strength of small-sized connections is limited
2	Armchairs	Chairs of massive stationary structures are easy to make - it is easier for them to provide strength
3	Chairs and stools	It is possible to manufacture only some models of chairs and stools from MDF or chipboard - due to the high requirements for the strength of joints in knots
4	Shelves, shelves, home and office kits	It is possible to manufacture in any configuration, in closed (with doors) and open versions, in all the richness of a choice of external finishes in color and pattern
5	Beds	It is possible to make beds, provided that the mattress or the spring frame under it is securely supported - composite slabs do not work well for bending.

doors and cabinet structure - 3D image

For the DIYer and the professional, working with an online builder is crucial. In addition to ensuring a competent design and elaboration of blanks, there is an active opportunity to evaluate the appearance and structure. This is possible thanks to the three-dimensional design tools. The model built on it can be rotated and evaluated from all sides.

For both an amateur craftsman and an experienced designer, this opportunity is very important - in addition to assessing the appearance, you can once again check the decisions made and implemented. Even such a simplified three-dimensional model that the online designer builds can be coordinated with other people - it provides complete clarity of the designed object and accurately reflects the dimensions to scale.

The 3D mechanics of our design software make it much easier to work with parts, for example, when designing blanks, it is much easier to identify which edges need finishing.

In general, it is the three-dimensional nature of online constructors that will make it possible to produce the most complex and detailed designs - the design machine does not fail on its own.

Free furniture designer software

Our online constructors are simplified as much as possible so that they can be used by the master whose experience in computer design is minimal. For this purpose, the constructor consists of several modules that work as independent programs. Here are the programs that work today:

1. Corner cupboard
2. Sliding brother-in-law
3. Detail

These design tools are compatible, the results of one can be used in the work of the other. Another key quality of simplified 3D modeling and detailing is cost savings. Not only is it not necessary to pay a measurer or designer, but payment for parts is made only according to their parameters, and not according to the cost of all seams and scraps up to a centimeter after its manufacture.

The cost is constantly indicated on the screen, instantly reacts to any changes. The user can fully and timely adjust the volume and structure of the cabinet, guided by the cost indicators.

The main advantages of our designers are the general program of the cabinet design

One of the most important advantages of our constructors is the very ability of craftsmen to work with them without preparation. Those who take advantage of this advantage will be able to receive such significant help in their work:

• Self-production of furniture is a significant reserve for saving money. This idea of ​​saving is perfectly matched by computer-aided design technology - it does not require a staff, office and warehouses, which means that the final cost will be even less.
• Possibility of constant cost control - parts and the whole object
• Completely free choice of fittings
• Possibility of stage-by-stage production of parts and stage-by-stage implementation. Professionals try not to provide such services
• Obtaining understandable drawings, detailing and assembly.

The benefits of working with a designer are felt by a home craftsman from the very first minute of work - these programs are understandable and a designer can design any object in different configurations, making the most of the opportunity to relate the results of such design to nature. Even experts admit that the simplicity and the associated speed of the program make it necessary - this is an excellent opportunity to quickly control the cost during design. Professional design programs do not work so quickly and with sufficient completeness of data, and architects and designers are happy to turn on our simple programs to solve the most complex professional problems.

For amateurs and even professionals, it is very important to be able to work on a project in stages. A master, if he is not sure of the correctness of the decisions, can design his furniture in parts, spending, for example, several hours in the evening for several days. The marriage and subsequent alterations do not delay anyone except the master himself - an electronic online designer can serve many visitors at the same time.

A phased implementation is important for those who are unsure of their decisions and are afraid of making a fatal mistake.

Experts understand what a huge time saving lies in clicking the "Add to cart" button. In one motion, an order is actually completed for the production of those blanks that have just been developed and tested. Organized delivery of cut-out blanks to your home or site perfectly complements the possibilities of designing cabinets and other furniture elements.

The constructor makes it possible to design furniture complexes without restrictions in the degree of detail. Even when working on very large complexes, the principle of detailing is used, which is adopted in the constructor for an object of any size. At any scale, you can compose, detail, evaluate 3D schematic models, think about edges, color and texture. The saved data can be used more than once.

Such a possibility may arise, for example, if the furnishing of the premises with furniture is done in stages.

The use of an online constructor and the order of blanks for furniture calculated with its help has another advantage. The fact is that the accuracy and accuracy of the blanks are so high, and the designer allows you to think over the design so deeply that even a small part of the tool listed here is not required for assembly. This is another advantage of this modern design tool.

In reality, assembling furniture and fixing it to walls requires a very simple set of tools:

• Puncher
• Screwdriver
• Possibly a key with interchangeable heads.

Having prepared this tool and well-thought-out fasteners in the form of dowels and self-tapping screws, you can completely assemble a built-in cabinet of any complexity.

Transformation of the wardrobe - compartment and its doors

If the need for a wardrobe has disappeared or the requirements for its configuration have changed over time, it is not difficult to remake it. It is best to anticipate such a possibility in advance, when working with an online builder. The most important thing that can be useful for transformation is the distance between the vertical inner walls - the posts. This distance should be designed to accommodate ready-made pull-out baskets and drawers. Then, even if such sections are made for clothes, over time they can be remade for other household needs by installing shelves and pull-out containers in them.

The shelves can be interchanged by ordering in advance in the vertical inner walls of the cabinet holes for fastening the shelves. Likewise, it is possible to envisage the movement of the rods and clothes hangers. All these ideas are perfectly realized with the help of an online constructor. The result of a thoughtful transformation of the built-in cabinet should be a second set of drawings, developed with the same overall dimensions as the first, basic version.

Instructions for designing a wardrobe online using the furniture designer

The free 3D furniture designer will allow you to independently calculate and model a wardrobe that suits your interior. This is the best option if an unusual solution is required, but there is no way to resort to the services of a professional designer. The online furniture designer gives you the opportunity to design your own unique wardrobe and place an order for its manufacture. In addition, the site also features

Nowadays, there are many programs in order to correctly calculate all the required dimensions of furniture for your home. The furniture design software is not only a tool for the professional furniture assembler and manufacturer. Anyone who decides to equip an apartment or house with his own hands can open a lot of useful functions in this software.

There are both paid and free programs that have a trial period of use. If you are creating an individual home furniture project, this free period should be enough for you.

The furniture making process includes several main stages.

There is a program for each stage of work. Using the appropriate software allows you to speed up the process of creating furniture, avoid the most common mistakes, use ready-made package solutions, making your own adjustments that will make your piece of furniture individual.

In total, there are three main types of programs of this kind:

Large development companies specializing in design, engineering, cutting and manufacturing of furniture often offer packaged versions of their software products. When one shell and a single interface supports different mods and add-ons, it is convenient, first of all, because you do not need to once again decide the issue of compatibility and reading formats. These bundled software offerings automatically read data without asking unnecessary questions.

All applications that are aimed at are designed in such a way that you can enter all the coordinates and dimensions of your room, as well as separately place and change every detail. In any case, you can find a program on the Internet and choose the one that you like. There are also online services for this purpose.

The best furniture design software

The OBJECTOR program

Every designer involved in the process of creating any furniture knows that drawing up a project and a model is the first and most important step. This is done using special software, which automatically shows errors in calculations and allows you to see the appearance of the product. Some programs calculate prices and provide estimates. One of these useful utilities is OBLON.

What is the utility for?

As a rule, designers are not limited to one program. However, the OBJECTOR is an alternative to several software at once. Therefore, it is used not only by small furniture salons, but also by the largest enterprises.

In this program, the designer creates a mock-up of the finished product. Moreover, the sketch is drawn with shadows and other specified parameters with the maximum level of detail. The customer will immediately be able to see how the new piece of furniture will look, and the company's management will be able to track current orders.

Tools

The VOLUME contains many useful design tools:

The program also includes ready-made furniture projects of various styles. If you wish, you can not use them, but create your own layouts and entire catalogs.

Pros for users

The utility has several advantages:

1. Ease of use, intuitive interface.
2. Relatively large functionality.
3. The client immediately sees the result of the work and decides on the order.
4. Calculations of the required amount of materials are made at the customer's request.
5. The software is supported on Apple MacBooks, iMAC, Linux. Thus, the program is good for enterprises that fundamentally choose only licensed software. Moreover, it can be installed on any PC.
6. Cheapness. Most organizations using the utility say that it will pay off after the first order.

Where can I download the program

Astra Furniture Constructor - a simple program for designing furniture

One of the most famous furniture design programs is. Such a program will serve you for the design of cabinet furniture, as well as interior design. It uses tools that are very easy for ordinary users to learn.

ASTRA furniture modeling software

By using even the simplest furniture design program, you will be able to eliminate all sorts of mistakes in construction, which are usually made when designing with a pencil on paper.

Astra software product

A large design and engineering software company offers a whole set of software consisting of separate stand-alone modules. Each client can choose exactly the kit that he needs. Modules for furniture design, interior design, cutting sheet materials and free-form parts are available. Additionally, modules and macros for Excel are presented, which make it possible to simplify the work of professionals - to automate the process of monitoring the cutting process on professional machines. A bonus is the ability to export information in the correct format from Excel to the software interface.

Working window of the Astra Constructor program

This program is endowed with two types - axonometry and perspective. The workspace is usually divided into four or two parts, so you can set up a separate projection. It will allow you to rotate the entire scene, as well as view it from the angle at which you want. This program is so simple that it will be very easy for you to explain to your master what exactly you want.

PRO 100 Professional Program

This application combines a high level of professionalism and ease of use.

This is one of the best furniture design software, as it is equipped with all sorts of additional functions, and is also constantly updated, following the latest trends in the world of interior and design. This program was developed by Polish programmers and engineers.

Advantages of the PRO100 program

In comparison with more universal Arcon programs, this application is also characterized by greater simplicity and flexibility. The intuitive interface without complex add-ons allows you to properly master the work in this program in the shortest possible time. In terms of visualization, the application is on par with competing applications. It is worth noting the realism of the picture.

For professionals, the opportunity to create custom libraries of materials, elements and furniture will be interesting.

Great convenience and functionality is characteristic of the calculations and reports of the application. In particular, using the adjusted prices for furniture parts and materials, you can calculate the final cost of the finished project, as well as the total costs of individual components.

Also Pro 100 allows you to create and edit materials with great convenience. A photograph, drawing or scan of the target material will be processed using the program, and the user will only need to indicate the actual dimensions.

Furniture project in the Pro100 program

Disadvantages of the Pro100 program

The main disadvantage is the rather high cost of the software, which, in principle, is lower than that of competing products, but not by much. You can download it for free and try the demo version of the program to see if it suits you for work or not.

At the same time, the decision to save money using the demo version will be overshadowed by the inability to print or export your project. The demo version does not even allow you to simply save the developed project.

If a specialist is seriously involved in furniture design, then the Pro100 is well worth the money. This easy-to-learn program allows the designer to realize their full creative potential.

BCAD software product

Software for furniture professionals and semi-professionals. With the help of individual modules, it allows you not only to create a detailed project of a future piece of furniture, cut and cut, but also calculate its cost, prepare a package of official reporting documents.

A huge advantage of a standard batch installation will be a voluminous database of ready-made projects and editable templates. bCAD furniture maker and bCAD designer - the minimum required set of modules for the full cycle of cabinet furniture manufacturing.

The dimensions of furniture products and individual elements are determined by the functional relationships between man and furniture, which can be characterized by three factors: proportionality of furniture to man; the proportionality of furniture to the dimensions of the items for storage of which it is intended; the organization of space, due to the planning parameters of the premises, the size (in plan) of the furniture installed in the room, the size of the person and the optimal passageways. At the same time, the proportionality of furniture to a person is manifested in the organization of the space necessary for a person with various static positions of his body, as well as movements associated with one or another household or work process.

In the design of furniture, the analysis of these relationships is based on the provisions of ergonomics, which serves as the basis in the process of sizing and shaping furniture products using data from anthropometry, physiology, engineering psychology and occupational health.

What is ergonomics? French scientist Bernard Metz defined the concept of ergonomics as follows: “Ergonomics is science plus technology. The subject of ergonomics is the activity of a human worker and a human consumer. The goal of ergonomics as a technique is to optimize working conditions. "

In our country, the idea of ​​creating this special scientific discipline was put forward in 1921 by the psychologist V.N.Myasishchev, but it was only in the 50s that ergonomics began to develop as an independent scientific discipline. The term "ergonomics" (in the USA - "human engineering", in the Federal Republic of Germany - "anthropotechnics") is of English origin.

The purpose of ergonomics as an applied science is the adaptation of labor to the physiological and mental capabilities of a person to ensure the most efficient work that does not pose a threat to human health and is performed with a minimum expenditure of biological resources.

The ergonomic properties of a person are also determined by the ergonomic requirements for an industrial product, which arise during the development, design and operation of the product. The harmonious relationship of all links of the system man - tool of labor or production environment can be ensured only with an integrated approach, which is possible as a result of using the achievements of technical sciences and sciences related to man. In ergonomic research, the unity of the human and technical aspects is especially important.

The closest science to ergonomics is engineering psychology, which studies the mental processes and properties of a person, it is she who formulates the requirements for tools and technology. An important role in the rationalization of human labor activity is played by the psychology of labor, which determines the relationship of the individual with the conditions, process and tools of labor. The data of the physiology of labor, which characterize the changes in the human body during labor activity, are important. It is also necessary to take into account the data of occupational health, contributing to the creation of the most favorable conditions, ensuring the ability to work and human health.

So, an integral part of the furniture design process is taking into account the requirements of ergonomics. Among the types of ergonomic requirements for furniture design, it is necessary to highlight the following:

- anthropometric requirements, which determine the compliance of the product with anthropometric data characterizing the size of the human body and a physiologically rational posture that contributes to the most effective performance of a certain work by a person and protects him from rapid fatigue;

- hygienic requirements characterizing the hygienic conditions of life and work capacity of a person during his interaction with the product and the environment;

- psychological requirements that determine the conformity of the product to the psychological characteristics of a person;

- physiological requirements that determine the compliance of the product with the physiological properties of a person, for example, the nature of muscle fatigue;

- psychophysiological requirements that determine the compliance of the product with the peculiarities of the functioning of the human sense organs, for example, the psychophysiological effect of color.

By theoretically substantiating the best conditions for human activity, ergonomics helps to create the most comfortable products.

Anthropometric Factors and Furniture Design

When standardizing the size of the subject-spatial and everyday environment, the center, or starting point, is a person, therefore, when establishing the size of furniture, it is necessary to know the basic anthropometric characteristics of a person, which are determined taking into account age, gender, territorial and other factors.

Anthropometric signs are established based on the ratio of the size of the human body in static standing and sitting positions.

Rice. one... Anthropometric signs of men

Anthropometric data are unstable over time and require clarification when designing furniture products for a specific territorial area, and especially individual furniture.

When designing furniture, it must be remembered that the space occupied by a person in different positions depends not only on the size of the body, but also on the type of action performed, the parameters of the surrounding objects and the room.

Rice. 2... The space occupied by a person in various positions in the process of work and rest

You also show the connection between the size of furniture and the size of a person in the dimensions of the items for which they are intended to be stored and placed. The functional dimensions of household furniture are regulated by state standards, and the shape of the elements of products and their design are not established by norms.

When designing products that are not provided for by standards, i.e. at home for their own use, the initial material for standardizing the functional dimensions of furniture is the overall dimensions of objects of labor and everyday life.

Taking into account the biomechanical capabilities of a person, the functional volumes in terms of the height of the products being developed are divided into three conditional zones: the lower one - up to 750-850 mm, the middle one - from 750 to 1800 mm, and the upper one - from 1800 mm. In turn, the lower zone is divided into two sub-zones, the first of which (up to 400-450 mm) is used for storing rarely used heavy items. The relative inaccessibility of the upper zone also suggests its use for storing light, rarely used items (for example, seasonal shoes in boxes, blankets, pillows, etc.). The most convenient is the middle zone, which provides both the best access to frequently used objects in everyday life, and the optimal organization of the workplace (planes of drains for various purposes, placement of containers that are easily accessible during work).

The development of the layout of an apartment is primarily due to the household and labor processes envisaged in it, the presence of functional zones, the list and overall dimensions of products, the size of the aisles and the optimal dimensions of free space.

Complexity of approaches to the design of furniture

When working on the shape of a furniture product, it is necessary to solve a complex of functional, constructive-technological, economic and aesthetic problems, taking into account the conditions in which the designed product will be used. Convenience, appearance and quality of furniture depend on the results of solving these problems, i.e. the success of the undertaken event.

One of the main factors that determine the shape of a product is its purpose, therefore, the form should correspond as much as possible to the functional purpose of the object, designed to serve one or another process of human life (eating, rest, sleep, etc.) or a labor operation, for example, training sessions ...

In order to cope with the task most successfully, in the process of functional analysis it is necessary to identify the shortcomings of existing analogues, to determine the design features of the product, its comfort and shape. Dissatisfaction with existing objects just makes a person make them with his own hands.

It should also take into account changes in the organization of the internal space of the premises, the technicalization of everyday life. So, when equipping apartments, the use of built-in equipment and the division of a room into various functional zones with the help of furniture is becoming increasingly common, that is, furniture becomes an element that helps to solve the internal structure of the room.

When developing new forms of furniture, one should not complicate the design for the sake of originality. On the other hand, one should not simplify the form as much as possible, focusing only on functional requirements to the detriment of a person's spiritual needs and aesthetic requirements.

The perfection of the shape of the product is closely related to the feasibility of its constructive solution, which ensures the reliable operation of the product. According to the spatial organization, the shape of the furniture product can be divided into three groups: with an open structure, for example, chairs, armchairs for workers; with a partially hidden structure - products of mixed design, for example dining tables, coffee tables; with a volumetric-spatial structure, for example, cabinet furniture, sofa beds, etc.

When working on the shape of a product, one must strive to reveal the structural diagram of the product, to establish a connection between form and design. Of great importance is the correct choice of the type and optimal dimensions of the elements, taking into account the properties of the materials used and the loads on the structural elements, as well as the methods of their connection.

The shape of a piece of furniture is also assessed by the manufacturability of its manufacture, which ultimately determines the quality and cost of the product. When making pieces of furniture at home, this requirement is especially important. When starting the design of a product, it is necessary to simultaneously think over technological issues: how the product will be manufactured, how the parts will be processed, how the assembly will be carried out, is it possible to perform this or that technological operation at home, etc.

The manufacturability of furniture is characterized by the following main factors: the correct choice of materials, the optimal shape and size of the elements (parts and assemblies) included in the product, the least number of names of materials and finished products used in the design, low material consumption of products, the maximum use of normalized elements and standard materials, rational limiting the number of surfaces with high requirements for processing accuracy and roughness, the ability to manufacture elements of products at home on existing machines and devices.

A rational constructive and technological solution of furniture products determines their efficiency. Functional forms, simplicity of design, the use of new economical materials, rational sections of parts, the use of suitable woodworking equipment create the prerequisites for reducing the cost of furniture.

It can be assumed that another reader will be skeptical about the words about the cost of furniture made on their own. Like, the main thing is to do it and do it well. Yes, we are not accustomed to counting our work, and we consider it as something "free". This is a misconception. Our work must be evaluated, only then can we truly evaluate the final result of our efforts.

When solving aesthetic problems, it is important to take into account that furniture also serves our spiritual needs; therefore, it must correspond to our ideas of beauty, harmony, and good taste. Along with the practical benefits, the products should bring joy, deliver aesthetic satisfaction with the harmony and beauty of shapes, colors, lines.

First of all, the aesthetics of furniture should ensure its harmonious inclusion in the subject environment of an apartment or house, compliance with the style ensemble of the environment. In addition, furniture items should be perceived aesthetically as an independent object. At the same time, the plastic expressiveness of the shape of the product (especially upholstered furniture), the stylistic unity of the product itself (the consistency of the functional, constructive and decorative characteristics of all elements and details) are of great importance.

To a large extent, the aesthetics of furniture depends on the type and quality of the finish, which gives the product a finished look.

At the design stage, it is necessary to take into account the operating conditions of the future product. To do this, you need to analyze the features of your home, the life of the room for which the product is being developed, determine the required set of items and equipment, and take into account the requirements for the spatial organization of the interior.

The composition of the premises of a modern apartment includes a common multifunctional room, bedrooms, a nursery, in some cases an office, a kitchen, an entrance hall, a bathroom, a loggia or a balcony. In most cases, a sleeping place gradually disappears from the common room; as a rule, several functional areas for a specific purpose are organized in it, for example, a recreation and entertainment area, a reception area or a relaxation and sleep area and a zone of mental work and study. The equipment of a common room may include cabinets for various purposes with compartments for books and dishes, placement of household radio and television equipment, dining tables, writing and coffee tables, secretaries, sofas, armchairs, chairs.

Depending on the total area of ​​the apartment and the composition of the family, bedrooms can be specialized for adult family members, for children and for students. At the same time, taking into account the principle of zoning of premises and the composition of the family, sleeping rooms can be designed only for sleep or for sleep and mental work (for schoolchildren or students).

Bedrooms are equipped with beds, couches (in this case, the equipment should include bedside tables), bedside tables, wardrobes for storing dresses and linen, dressers, toilet tables with built-in or hinged mirrors, banquets, and when a functional area is allocated for mental labor - with writing tables or for a computer, hanging shelves for books (or secretaries), work chairs (chairs).

When equipping children's rooms, you should strictly adhere to a differentiated approach when establishing the size of products, taking into account age (growth) factors and provide for a maximum free area with the necessary and sufficient amount of furniture. Space savings are achieved through the use of convertible, folding and wall-mounted furniture, bunk beds or roll-out beds. Furniture in children's rooms should provide physiological processes, promote aesthetic perception, mental and physical development of the child.

The office is designed for mental work, it can also provide a relaxation and sleep area. The offices are equipped with bookcases, a writing desk, a work chair, a couch or a sofa, a bedside table, etc.

The kitchen should be equipped taking into account the rational organization of work, the optimal trajectory of movements in the process of cooking and the layout of products. For storing food and dishes, wall cabinets are used, equipped with adjustable shelves, cassettes for bulk products, elements for hanging dishes, rods for pot lids, etc. A cabinet with lattice shelves and dish racks is installed above the sink. Dishes are prepared on work surfaces of tables equipped with shelves, drawers and trays designed for storing crockery, kitchen utensils, cutlery, table linen, etc. As a rule, kitchen furniture is made in the form of interlocked products, which makes it possible to reduce paths during cooking food.

The entrance hall is a distribution room and serves as a place for storing and placing outerwear, shoes and other items (umbrellas, bags, etc.), it isolates the apartment from the external environment. The entrance hall is the face of the apartment, and our impression of the whole apartment will depend on how we see it.

Currently, the hallway is usually equipped with built-in wardrobes. If they are absent, cabinets of a simple design should be installed in the hallway. An open hanger with hooks at different levels can be provided for placing outerwear, and a bedside table for storing shoes. A mirror is usually placed next to the hanger.

Furniture for loggias and balconies intended for relaxation should be mainly transformable or folding, resistant to temperature and humidity conditions of the environment, and be decorative. These are mainly seating furniture (chaise lounges, wicker chairs), coffee tables, sun protection devices (awnings).

Along with the creation of functional zones in the room (zoning principle), the principle of organizing spatial connections is widely used in a modern residential interior, which allows achieving the integrity of the perception of equipment and interior space. An example is the horizontal division of a room in height, taking into account the height of the upper surfaces of furniture items above the floor level. The height of the coffee table (450 mm) - the plane of the seats of an armchair, chairs, sofa - the height of the lower section of the furniture wall; the height of the writing table (720-780 mm) - the height of the lower compartment of the bookcase - the height of the bedside table. We emphasize: even the height of the benches (skirting boards), the legs of the decorating units in the furniture products intended for equipping the premises of a certain functional purpose, must be the same. For example, the height of the benches of the writing desk in the office - the height of the stool legs of the bedside table - the height of the couch legs.

The shape and purpose of furniture

Functional purpose, design, material and manufacturing technology of furniture products are the main factors that determine the shape of furniture. They have a direct impact on the geometric and physical properties of the form.

Depending on the ratio of dimensions along the three space coordinates, furniture items in their geometric form can have a linear, planar or volumetric shape. The emotional impact of the shape of the furniture will depend on the kind of lines that form the geometric shape of the surface. So, straight lines and arcs of a circle create the impression of uniform calm movement, static structure. At the same time, lines with a variable radius of curvature, forming the surface of the product, emphasize the dynamism of the structure. The limiting states of forms are: a line and a circle - for a linear shape, a square and a cylindrical surface - for a planar one, a cube and a sphere - for a volumetric one. In this case, the shape of the product can correspond to the specified geometric states or occupy an infinite number of intermediate states.

Characterizing the shape of a piece of furniture, its size is estimated, which should be correlated with the size of a person, the size of the compared shapes of the items in the set (headset) or their elements, and the size of the room. It should be borne in mind that the predominance of the size of the shape of the furniture over the size of a person negatively affects his mental state, belittles, suppresses the personality, and vice versa, the prevalence of a person over the objects around him causes him positive emotions, gives confidence.

If we compare the forms of products that have the same purpose, then the activity of perception of the second form in Fig. position a is higher as a result of an increase in the size of its constituent elements.

Rice. 3... Comparison of shapes of different sizes: a - equal forms with elements of different sizes; b - forms equal in height; c - the predominance of one of the forms

With the same height, but different sizes of forms along the facade (in Fig. Position b), the prevalence of the size of the form is perceived much weaker than with a difference in the sizes of the compared forms in two directions (position c). In relation to the parameters of the room, the product can be proportional to the room, being, as it were, an integral part of it; prevail, standing out sharply in the room, attracting attention to yourself; to be disproportionate to the smaller side and, as a result, to fall out of the interior ensemble, to become visually unnecessary, at the same time having a well-defined functional purpose.

The position of the product in space is also assessed in relation to the three coordinate planes and to the observer. The product, in addition, can occupy an intermediate position in space, be in front or in depth in relation to other products. In relation to the observer, the product can be to the left or to the right, closer or further, higher or lower, which affects his visual perception.

It is also necessary to take into account such a physical property of the form as its mass, which in the design of furniture is considered as the perception of the shape of products. It follows from this property that an increase in the shape of a product will lead to an increase in its mass, while products with a volumetric-spatial structure (cabinet furniture, sofas, etc.) will have the maximum mass, and products with an open structure (chairs, armchairs) will have the minimum mass. workers, etc.). Products with a partially hidden structure (dining tables, coffee tables, etc.) will take an intermediate position. The mass of the product will also change taking into account the degree of filling the shape of the product and the size of the space associated with it. In the first case (in Fig. Position a), the perception of the structure of the mass from the minimum (rare) to the maximum (dense) filling of the form with its constituent elements should be preserved, and in the second (in Fig. Position b) there will be an increase in the mass of the shape of the product from the maximum ( dominant) to the minimum size of the space associated with it.

Rice. 4... Changing the mass of the form: a - taking into account the degree of filling out the form; b - taking into account the size of the space comparable to the shape

The physical properties of the product include such a concept as texture, which is determined by the nature of the surface structure of the form. In furniture products, the perception of texture depends on the number and size of surface elements of the form, the distance from the surface to the observer, the depth of the relief and is determined by the nature of the finish and the type of materials used. The limiting states will be a smooth surface, when the elements of the texture, due to their small size and large number, do not differ with the eye, and the textured surface, when the elements of the texture are perceived as independent divisions of the form.

PRO100 software is designed for fast and efficient furniture design and interior design. With her participation, it is possible in a short time to implement a design project of a room of any complexity, get its high-quality visualization, calculate the cost. The PRO100 program contains an optimal set of tools for three-dimensional computer modeling, is intuitive, easy to use.

PRO100 application is successfully used in furniture production, facilitates the work of designers and designers. With its help, you can design furniture "from scratch", create your own library, model interior design, plan supply of production, get assistance at the stage of product implementation. At each stage of work, immediate visualization is possible in several versions, their assessment and reports. That is why PRO100 is successfully used by large furniture enterprises, medium and small businesses, designers - professionals and amateurs.

The presence of a computer with a Windows operating system allows the program PRO100 free download in Russian, it is easy to install and start modeling your cabinet furniture. Most of the design operations are carried out using the "mouse". Editing toolbar (alignment, positioning, revs, etc.) helps in the work. Each element of the project includes a properties window for describing the corresponding characteristics - name, material, size, price, etc. Interior visualization is possible in seven projections, taking into account the lighting mode. You can also add graphic effects.

Advantages of the PRO100 furniture program:

1. Intuitive interface.
2. Instant high quality rendering.
3. Powerful information base from ready-made libraries.
4. The ability to create your own library.
5. High accuracy of material calculation.
6. The ability to experiment with color, shape, material.

The PRO100 program is ideal for anyone involved in the design and construction of cabinet furniture. In production, with her participation, high efficiency and quality of work is achieved, and the range is expanding. The use of PRO100 by beginners for interior decoration allows you to quickly determine the key issues - shape, color, style of products.

The desire to independently develop furniture design on a computer arises for many reasons. The professional does this to prepare the drawing for production. Amateur - to choose an interior for the house. Whatever the motivation, there is always a program that meets your goals.

Furniture design software falls into the following categories:

• 2D and 3D. The former draw only flat diagrams, drawings, the latter show the subject in the form of a three-dimensional model.
• General and profile. Some applications, such as 3D Studio MAX, are suitable for creating almost any 3D model, including but not limited to furniture. Such programs are a topic for a separate article.
• For working with cabinet and upholstered furniture. The former are presented much more broadly, but in this material we will give an example of the latter.

Design programs are used for different purposes:

• To obtain drawings, according to which a set or piece of furniture will be made.
• For preliminary visualization of furniture in the interior;
• For generating tasks for CNC machines.

Some applications and services solve all of this at the same time.

Desktop applications

The programs presented in this part of the review are paid. Unfortunately, non-commercial applications of this level simply do not exist, but some of them have demos that allow you to solve specific problems.

All programs, except for one (SolidWorks), are designed for the design of cabinet furniture - cabinets, tables, shelves and others. The design of upholstered furniture - sofas, armchairs, benches, etc., is most often developed in general-purpose 3D editors.

Basis-Furniture

Basis-Mebelshchik is a professional service, part of the large-scale Russian system Basis. The latter uses modules for calculating estimates, working with cutting, packaging. A narrow version of the program - Basis-Cabinet - for the design of cabinet products has been developed. The main program designs furniture sets of any complexity. The designed products comply with ESKD and other norms and standards.

The application creates high quality drawings, realistic 3D models. It is one of the most iconic tools on the market.

Basis-Mebel is a program aimed at professionals. Its cheapest license starts at 50,000 rubles. A free demo is also offered, allowing you to try out the main resources of the application, but with a limitation on the save function.

Functions and capabilities:

• import of models from other popular modeling applications including Dynaplan, 3d Studio Max;
• support of grooves of arbitrary section;
• automatic creation of assembly diagrams;
• built-in library of fasteners;
• design of doors and sliding elements (for example, drawers);
• automatic generation of drawings based on a three-dimensional model;
• obtaining a photorealistic image of the subject;
• support for scripts (routines that simplify the creation of individual elements).

bCAD Furniture

Russian-language application that creates 2D drawings, as well as 3D furniture models. bCAD Furniture is inferior in terms of functionality to the Basis-Mebelschik program, but it also costs less - 45,000 rubles. If you want to test the program before installing, use the demo version without print and save functions.

With the help of the service, they design various options for furniture: wardrobes, retail fittings, bar counters, exhibition equipment.

The application interface is rather cumbersome and not intuitive. Before working with bCAD Furniture, it is recommended to watch the video tutorials on the official website.

Functions and capabilities:

• built-in libraries to simplify construction;
• compatibility with AutoCAD, Autodesk, 3D Studio and other popular resources;
• photorealistic display of finished products;
• unlimited number of simultaneously open drawings;
• automation of a number of routine processes;
• data transfer to accounting and management systems;
• unlimited number of rollbacks of actions;
• parametric modeling of furniture.

The application is a multifunctional cabinet furniture editor that allows you to create interiors from scratch. At first the program seems unfriendly due to the abundance of interface elements. But if you first study the instructions, you can quickly design even complex interior items. On average, one project takes no more than half an hour.

The application is paid, the price of the new version starts at 83 thousand rubles per license. A trial demo is released. It is fully functional, but it is not able to save and print projects.

PRO100 is undemanding to computer power - it runs even on an old device.

Functions and capabilities:

• creating pictures for assembly drawings;
• support for popular formats such as obj;
• powerful rendering (translation into a two-dimensional realistic picture);
• a large set of libraries with modules (interior elements, their constituent parts);
• setting up access levels for employees;
• six modes of project display.

Another Russian program for elementary furniture modeling. The advantage of the Astra constructor is the availability of not only a demo, but also a free version. You cannot print drawings or reports in it, but the rest of the possibilities are similar.

Astra occupies an intermediate position - it is not the most functional, but the available resources are enough to design almost any cabinet furniture. At the same time, the program is not too complicated. And the availability of a free version makes it ideal for amateur use.

Functions and capabilities:

• rich library of products;
• edge facing;
• installation of fasteners;
• generation of control programs for the manufacture of furniture on CNC;
• creation of finished interior items from individual parts;
• preparation of drawings.

Unlike previous programs, which are mainly needed for the design of cabinet products, this application is universal. It is used to design not only furniture, but also technical equipment, electrical and communication systems. But the most interesting thing is that it allows you to create upholstered furniture, as it works not only with wood, but also with fabric, padding, and fittings.

Solidworks is the most feature-rich application in this roundup. It is aimed at professionals - those who want to design furniture, and not just evaluate it in the interior.

The service is paid. You can test it online for free, however, without saving the result. The price depends on the needs, but on average it starts from 370 thousand rubles.

Functions and capabilities:

• realistic visualization of the finished product;
• import of models from other popular programs;
• engineering analysis of the product;
• preparation of documentation in accordance with GOST;
• expansion of functionality due to additional modules, for example, SWOOD, which simplify furniture design;
• design taking into account the material;
• miscalculation for bending;
• inclusion of movable elements;
• formation of drawings.

Online services

The online application is often embedded on the websites of cabinet furniture stores. But you can also use it on the official website. There are software versions for creating cabinets, kitchens, there is a VR version for viewing the interior in virtual reality.

The service is Russian-speaking, it is easy to deal with it. No special knowledge is needed - the user only enters the dimensions, moves the doors, shelves.

The application is free for the user, but for the site owner who wants to embed it, it will cost from 1900 rubles per month.

Functions and capabilities:

• customization of dimensions, materials, filling cabinets, kitchen sets;
• work with a project in 2D and 3D;
• mobile app;
• VR support;
• personal settings when installing on the site.

Pax3d

Non-standard service developed by IKEA. This is a complete cabinet builder. The program only works with parts that are produced by a Swedish corporation.

The Pax3d application with a Russian interface is free, understandable even for those who do not understand furniture. The user simply drags the ready-made elements into the three-dimensional interior of the room, arranges them together. Then you can save or print the resulting cabinet.

Functions and capabilities:

• rich library of structural elements from IKEA;
• interior customization;
• choice of material;
• built-in hints;
• saving the project using the code on the site.

Prodboard

Prodboard is a simple wardrobe and kitchen set designer. Not suitable for professionals, but will appeal to ordinary users who choose a wardrobe and try to understand how it will look in the interior. The settings are only basic, you cannot flexibly change the geometry of cabinet furniture.

The application does not have a Russian interface, but it is completely free.

Functions and capabilities:

• built-in library of typical structural elements;
• dimensions editor;
• interior customization;
• saving, printout of the result.

Calculation of the wardrobe

This online service takes a different approach from all the previous ones. There is no need to move or drag elements - just enter the numbers in the required fields. The program will draw the wardrobe and perform the required calculations.

Functions and capabilities:

• drawing up drawings;
• calculation of the required area of ​​the material;
• counting the number of holes for the drawing.

A variety of furniture design applications have been developed for any purpose and need. If you want to make your own wardrobe or table, use one of the online resources. For industrial use, it is best to purchase a professional downloadable application.