How the attic roof is built. How to make an attic roof of various types - Schemes rafters

Thanks to the construction of an attic roof, it is possible to significantly increase the useful space of a low-rise private house. However, this is a very time-consuming process that requires the implementation of the preliminary calculation, compliance with certain rules and techniques. The competently created solid roof system is the key to creating a comfortable, reliable, functional and durable residential building.

Before the construction of the attic requires a good project. The appearance of the future roof must be harmonized with a common type of building. There are several varieties of the construction of the rafter frame, which depend on the type of roof, the step of the rafted and the embodiment of the attic roof. Opening your choice on a specific configuration, you should know exactly what structural elements are the rafter system. It is a roof support skeleton, and withstands not only its weight, but also the effects of atmospheric precipitation.

The correct installation of the rafter system ensures its reliability, functionality and durability.

When creating a nuclear roof project:

• completely calculating the load on the support bearing walls and the foundation, not allowing it to exceed;
• pick up high-quality heat insulation to avoid uneven heating of the room;
• choose good sound insulation thanks to correctly selected roofing material;
• pick up good waterproofing;
• choose lungs by weight Facing materials for the decoration of the attic room.

Schemes of the attic roof

The rafter system may have an inclined or hanging design. In the hanging structures, rafters are based on Mauerlat and the ski run. To distribute the load on the rafter, the bottom and upper tightening are installed. When the skate length is more than 4 m, to prevent sagging in the bottom of the design, the rafter legs are maintained with the help of racks and pods. The main advantage of such a design is that all its elements are placed in unused places of attic, which creates more free space.

The inclined design is used in homes, where the airborne partition is located in the middle of the building, on which building legs are based on. The inner bearing design is laid a litter, which plays the role of Mauerlat, and the racks that hold the skate run are mounted on it. This system is used for large areas of the nuclear roof of a private house, which can be seen in the photo. Here you can use roofing materials with great weight, such as slate or ceramic tile.

There are projects of mansard roofs of private houses, which use both variants of rafting systems. To release free space, the framework elements can be shifted in one of the parties, where they will be used as the basis for wall decoration, and the beam is suitable for cladding the ceiling. In some architectural styles, beams and racks can be used as decor elements.

For the arrangement of a large eaves, the attic roof is executed with focusing outside the bearing walls. Maurylalat is not installed here. The system is mounted using beams. It is necessarily installed subproof, special racks are crashed into the beams of overlapping, and the rafters are fixed using a reliable anchor compound and wire twists.

Dersighted Roof Design Elements

The rafting system under the attic roof consists of such structural elements:

• mauerlat;
• rafting legs or racks from beams;
• vertical racks;
• runs;
• skate timber;
• clamps;
• additional beams, relells and runs.

The basis of the entire structure of the roof is Maurylalat, which consists of wooden squares of square section, fitting towards the external walls of the building. These boards are attached to the remaining elements of the skeleton roof frame. The main purpose of Mauerlat is perception and even distribution of the entire load from the general roof system on the bearing walls of the building.

Stropile legs or racks made of beams form a frame of roofing structures. For these items, you should select boards that are able to withstand the load of roofing pie together with an outer coating. To maintain racks from beams or rafting legs, runs installed at an angle are used. Vertical racks hold the central part of the rafter bars, preventing them from bending. They also create support for the skate bar.

To ensure the rigidity of the future roofing design on long rafting systems, the skiing timber is mounted. The case is an additional wooden structure, which is attached to the rapid system, and is the basis for the future roof.

Types of mansard roofs

Today there are several embodiments of the roofs of an attic type that have a different design of the rafter frame:

• single one;
• double;
• broken consist of two or more rods with different angles of inclination;
• walm have two triangular skate with short sides of the roof and two trapezoid skate with long;
• semi-haul have two short end hips over the front part of the roof;
• dome are characterized by a round or polygonal shape;
• the vaulted are in the context of the arc shape.

Single roof is the most simple version performed by the option. It is often treated when it is necessary to make an attic on a small country house. The most popular among other species of mansard roofs of private houses, photos are clearly confirmed, is a bartal roof. Her design and construction does not cause difficulties with their own hands. Especially when it comes to a forcep roof.

When choosing a broken roof, it is possible to get a large, functional and convenient attic room without additional work related to the construction of walls. Today, many laundering hosts of private houses prefer the rafter system of the duplex roof under the corrugated floor, the construction of which does not need numerous technological and technical triggers and in unreasonably high consumption of funds for construction materials.

The most complex in the installation are hip, dome and vaulted attic roofs. Their device requires a professional approach. These roofs, photos of private houses, are clearly displayed, have an unusual and very aesthetic design. They are characterized by a large number of pitched foes for which the end device is performed. The scheme of the rafter system clearly shows the peculiarity and uniqueness of this design. The unsatisfactory condition of each of the endands (internal angles) can carry a potential danger to the integrity of the whole roof.

Single-table roof. Photo of successful projects

The simplest, reliable and cheap option is a single roof of an attic type. As a result, it turns out a non-standard decorated building. This type of roofs is used for industrial and business buildings. Also, often used for single-storey small private houses. All roofing materials can be used here.

The design involves creating a window in a high part of the roof. There is no hitch in this design, which simplifies its installation. Maurylalat is fixed on the walls with different levels, due to which the SCOS is formed. Boxes are based on it.

The angle of the skate must be within 35-45 degrees. The smaller the slope, the more snow will accumulate on the roof surface, which will require the creation of additional supports and enhancing the beams. In addition, this will significantly reduce the attic room. The design is able to withstand strong winds with the correct orientation of the roofing rod, which is necessary to increase the stability of the structure.

Helpful advice! If there is no more than 4.5 m between opposite carrier walls, you can not mount the supporting elements, but simply put on the walls long wooden bars. This additionally reduces the cost of the roof.

This type of roof involves the use of simple elements to create ventilation of underpants spaces. It is enough to sew the perforated sofit of two sinks, or mount the ventilation grille.

However, it is not necessary to choose a single-sided roof for non-strokes of buildings, where it is impractical to arrange the attic floor in this way.

Double Children's Roof: Construction Features

The double roof is the most common and rational solution that allows you to get a comfortable attic. Photo of houses with an attic roof of this configuration confirm the demand for the design.

Design and construction of a two-tie attic roof does not cause any difficulties. It is formed due to two inclined planes (skates), which intersect in the skate area at a certain angle. Thanks to the correct choice of optimal angle, it is possible to create reliable protection of the building from heavy precipitation, strengths of winds, excessive snow pressure during heavy snowfalls.

There are varieties of the configuration of the rafter system of two-tie attic roofs:

• the nipce symmetric roof is a classic option, which makes it possible to evenly distribute the load on the bearing walls and the roof support. The disadvantage of this design is the presence of sharp corners, which take the free space of the attic;
• the asymmetric roof is a non-standard design, where the horse can shift into one of the sides. If one of the corners will be more than 45 degrees., It will be quite a spacious attic room. However, in the calculations, it should take into account the uneven distribution of the load on Mauerlat and the bearing walls.
• the broken roof has the surface of the skate, flexible in the middle, forming a face resembling two rectangles.

Slinge system of the attic roof. Drawings of the classic option

When the question arises how to make a native roof of the house with your own hands, you should choose the simplest performed and practical option for further operation. Therefore, for private homes, preference is given to the broken roofs.

This design allows not only to create a large on-site indoor room, but also thanks to the soles that are lowered quite low, protect the upper part of the walls of the building and the foundation from atmospheric precipitation. In addition, this is a good solution for creating the original exterior of the private house.

Article on the topic:

How to choose the appropriate material. How to avoid common errors in work. The phased work of work with your own hands.

The angle of inclination of the lone roof depends on the region, climatic conditions and the choice of roofing material. A classic scan of the attic roof, the drawing of which it displays it clearly, has the ratio of the tilt of the upper rods to the plane of the floor in 30 degrees., And the lower - 60 degrees. The angle of inclination of the side surfaces can vary from 45 to 80 degrees.

Helpful advice! For regions, where strong winds are characterized, it is better to arrange a roof gerier. Because, the more the scat, the greater sailboat it creates.

Taking the basis of this data, the parameters of the house, and the fact that the height of the ceiling in the attic room should not be less than 2 m, you can calculate all parameters. In the classic version, you can not take into account the load on the side surfaces from precipitation, as they will be held at the top of the roof.

Calculation of a naked roof

At specialized sites, you can find a drawing of a nuclear roof of a native hand for a small house. It can be taken as a basis for the fulfillment of future calculations, which includes calculation of the attic room, loads, elements of the rafter design and the number of building materials.

To calculate the attic roof, you can use many years of experience who have repeatedly erected a classical broken roof and can suggest which material must be used. It is from this that many parameters of the rafter frame are dependent. The calculation of the required amount of sawn timber to create a rafter system is reduced to determining the height and width of the spans, and, accordingly, the number of wooden bars, which is multiplied by their heights.

From the width of the insulation depends on the step between the rafters, which should be 3 cm less than the width of the heat-insulating material to reduce the amount of waste and simplify its installation. Boards for rafting legs are also selected taking into account the thickness of the insulating material. In the case of using basalt wool, a thickness of 200-250 mm and creating the required ventilation gap in 20-30 mm, the minimum boards width is 230 mm. The thickness of the rafter should be more than 50 mm.

For beams and racks, a timber with parameters 100 × 100 mm should be chosen, which will create a solid and reliable design even for zones in difficult weather conditions.

To calculate the amount of insulating and roofing materials, mathematical formulas for determining the areas of geometric shapes are used, of which a certain type of attic roof is formed.

Today on the Internet you can perform online calculation of the attic roof. To begin, it is indicated by the type of the attic roof, the scheme of the rafter system, insulating and roofing material and the requested geometrical parameters are introduced. To obtain a more accurate result, you should use the services of a specialist who will not only fulfill the calculation of all loads and the size of building elements, but also tell me which material it is better to choose.

Roof window windows

The attic differs from ordinary rooms by the fact that its walls are a rafting frame, which consists of certain roofing surfaces, which is clearly shown in the drawings of the attic roofs. It affects the design of the window for this room, which should well pass natural light, and at the same time hold the load in the form of strong impacts of wind or abundant precipitation. This is due to the fact that the influence of weather conditions on the inclined part of the roof is much stronger than the massive bearing elements of the building.

Important! According to SNiP, the area of \u200b\u200bthe window should be at least 10% of the total floor area.

The window in the attic roof, the photo is clearly displayed, can be located in the plane of the roof, obliquely or vertically, or to be in the face of the attic. Vertical windows in the plane of the roof can be protruding over it (dormer), or recessed into the room.

The most popular and easy to install is the inclined window in the roof plane. It can skip the maximum amount of natural daylight. After its installation, the roof surface does not change, but remains smooth. However, this option requires the creation of due waterproofing. Here, special models with reinforced glass and a reinforced metal-plastic frame should be used.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe window opening is selected in proportion to the corner of the roof inclination. The width of the window must be selected in such a way that the element fit into the distance between the rafyles without disturbing the integrity of the structure. If the window is much wider, then you have to install a reinforced beam, which will connect the cut rafters to install the window. In this case, if one unwarked window is not enough, it is better to establish two adjacent non-chokes of the element, which will ensure the integrity of the rafter frame.

To install the Dormer window, the complication of the roof geometry is required, namely, the installation of lateral and upper funds is required, followed by their thorough waterproofing. Also complicates the laying of roofing.

The vertical window recessed into the room, it is advisable to arrange only when it will be released to the balcony. In other cases, these are unjustified significant financial costs (complication of the geometry of the roof) to obtain a minimum effect (insufficient natural lighting).

The easiest, practical and cheap option is to install the window in the roof end. This is especially important for country houses with an attic roof.

Methods for mounting the attic roof

The device of the harrowing system of the attic roof can be carried out in two ways. The first option involves collecting a rafter frame on Earth, followed by the rise in its finished form at home and thorough consolidation. The method is effective for small-sized structures.

How to make a mansard roof with the collection of part of the rafter system on Earth? Previously at the top of the building vertically exhibited and fix the extreme structures that will be subsequently in front of the front. You can temporarily consolidate them with the help of long bars, nailed to the wall. In Mauerlat, recesses are created with a given step, where the collected design will be mounted. To ensure proper geometry and creating stiffness of the structure, its elements can be fixed with spacers. When the side beam mounting is completed, and the entire system will acquire the necessary rigidity, the struts can be removed. The video installation of the rapid system of a two-tie attic roof will clearly show all the features of this option.

The second option is more traditional. It suggests an indoor roof device in place in compliance with the strict sequence of actions. This method is most convenient and effective when erecting a large-sized rafting system. Because to raise the assembled design, you need to attract specialized techniques.

How to build an attic roof in a traditional way?

Some subtleties in the technology of construction of mansard roofs of private houses depend, directly, from its species. However, the sequence of actions is similar to all kinds of mansard roofs.

Before making an attic roof, it is necessary to put in the longitudinal direction on the bearing walls of Maurylalat, and consolidate it on a laying or armopoyase with a spree or rod. The rafting design of a wooden roof of a wooden house can be attached to the upper crown, which will play the role of Mauerlat.

The construction of the attic roof is starting with the installation of beams for overlapping. They are attached to Mauerlat. Then building legs are attached to the beams. The center of the beam should mark the locations of the supports and the skate element.

In compliance with the same distance, mount the racks from the boards, fixing them with the help of the corners. The first pair of racks is bonded by tightening from wooden bars. On the educated P-shaped design should be mounted rafters. They can be installed on Mauerlat or with deforestation of the groove on the ceiling beam.

Next, go to the installation of the skate rafters, which are connected using metal linings or bolts with washers. To create the necessary stiffness of the design to the central part of the side rafter and the rack, it is necessary to attach the pitch, and in the center of the tightening the beams. Similarly, the installation of other farms is satisfied with a distance of 60-100 cm. They are attached to each other with the help of runs.

With the help of a bracket, fixation of all nodes of the attic design is performed, and the final strength is attached. After that, it is necessary to mount the crate, which can be solid or rarene, depends on the roofing option.

If a flexible tile is used, asbestos-cement flat slate or roll material, a solid crate should be performed. It is installed in two layers. The lower flooring consists of a thickness of 20 cm, laid in a step of 30 cm. The upper flooring consisting of a 20 × 50 cm boards is nailed with respect to the lower layer at an angle of 30-45 degrees.

For clay tiles, azbesto-cement slate, steel, metal coating, a rarefied type is used. For this, the installation of bars, a cross section of 5 × 5 cm and a step of 20-30 cm, from the eaves upwards perpendicular to the rafters. On the sink, it is necessary to install the flooring of wooden boards with a width of about 70 cm. Next, the bars should be fixed along the skate and ribs that are joined. Vitely this process can be seen in the photo of the rafter system of the bone roof under metal tile.

Horsery roof insulation technology

The insulation of an attic roof of a private house allows not only to insulate the attic, but also to create proper thermal insulation of the entire roofing system so that it serves for many years.

As part of the insulation scheme of the attic roof lies a set of measures, which includes the creation of heat, hydro and vaporizolation. The roofing material is stacked on top of this roofing cake, which protects the entire structure from negative environmental factors. To protect the insulation from the negative effects of condensate, which reduces its thermal insulation properties, it is necessary to protect it from the roofing material. To do this, one of the proposed sheet materials can be used:

• waterproofing film that is attached from the outside to the rafters. It should not touch the insulation material, so it cuts down from it with crate or counterbashers;
• the diffusion membrane ̶ is attached to the insulation and protects it from any impact of moisture.

Helpful advice! The waterproofing material should be laid with light weight, excluding the ability to pull it out.

The waterproofing layer must be decomposed across the rafter. Start should be started. The first row is lowered into the drainage chute. Each next one must roll out 10-12 cm. Thus should reach the skate. There, the material on the upper edge is cut on both sides and fixes. Along the horse should roll the strip, which descends from two sides of the roof to the chute itself, which ensures a uniform diversion of water.

A layer of vapor barrier in the form of a membrane is a reliable protection of the insulation from penetration into its thickness of the room from the room. The material also stacked the braziness and is attached to lags with a staple bracket. All junctions and places of the adjoining should be carefully smoking using a special double-sided pan-pant-free scotch.

Helpful advice! On a vapor barrier film, a bold line is applied, from which it is necessary to start the next layer. Following it, the canvases are fastened with the help of tape.

Important rules when insulating a naked roof

When the question arises, which insulation is better for the attic roof, there is no unambiguous answer. However, due to the fact that for the attic roof it is characterized by a large angle of inclination, you should not use soft materials that will be lifted and crawled from the surface.

Rolled insulation must be laid below up. To do this, use a building stapler and lace. Rolling roll, the material is pressed against the planks. With the help of a lace and brackets, the letter Z is drawn. According to this technology, each layer of insulation is fastened.

It is better to give preference to plates, a density of 30-50 kg per cubic meter. In this case, the step of the rafter will have to be adjusted under the size of the insulation, which 10-15 mm should be less than the width of the insulating plate. This is required in order for the material to become an ambistry without forming the slots and to hold well between the beams. If the width is less or more, it will be necessary to cut the material. Create a smooth slice will not always succeed, and also remains a large number of residues. Place plates should be so that the seams of the previous row overlap the following.

The insulation is stacked so as to provide the minimum amount of cold bridges. Additionally, the residues of the material can be put on the required width of the plank stuffed from the room. From above on a layer of insulation, vaporizolation is stacked and a doomle for future finish is performed. This option is overlapped even rafters, almost completely eliminates the formation of cold bridges. Despite the fact that it will take a little more insulating material, the attic ultimately will get better, which will give the opportunity to reduce the cost of heating the room.

Important! Cold bridges contribute to the formation of moisture in roofing cake. This may lead to rotting rafters, swelling of the heat-insulating material, corrosion of metal structural elements, the occurrence of unpleasant odors indoors.

How to warm the attic roof: the progress of work

There are two ways of roof insulation: from the inside or outside. When using the first option, you can push the fulfillment of the interior decoration for a certain period. The second option involves a full range of works, which makes it possible to achieve the rapid end of construction.

How to insulate the attic roof outside? To do this, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the rafted, clearing it from protruding elements that are able to damage the layer of hydro and vaporizolation. From the inside of the room across the rafter, it is necessary to fill the crate on which the insulation will be located. Instead of crate, you can attach galvanized wire or cord.

From the roof side, the thermal insulation layer is mounted on this crate in compliance with the above rules. The thickness of the malsard roof insulation should be more than 100 mm. The superdiffusion membrane is laid on top of the heat-insulating material. Next, it is necessary to fill the crate to which roofing will be roofing.

Now, from the inside of the room, it is necessary to secure and cry the vapor barrier layer. Next, you can proceed to interior decoration. This embodiment of the roof insulation is considered the easiest performed. The heat insulating plates are easily fitted on the previously created crate.

The technology of insulation of the attic roof with their own hands from the inside is performed in two stages. The first mandatory stage is as follows:

1. It is rolled and fixed on the rafters of the waterproofing layer.
2. Cuts a doom.
3. The roofing material is mounted.

After performing the mandatory list of work, you can postpone the insulation of the attic roof for an indefinite time, which may be due to the lack of financial capabilities at present.

The second stage is less convenient performed. The insulation of the attic roof will be performed from the inside. Here it is necessary to create a protective design that will hold the insulation, and prevents it outwards more than it is possible. To do this, there are straps between lags with a step of 40-50 cm. They will not only hold the insulation, but also create the necessary ventilation gap.

Next, the installation of the heat insulating layer is carried out in compliance with all the rules. A lamp is stuffed on it. Next, you must arrange and paste a vaporizolation membrane. After that, you can proceed to the execution of finishing works. To do this, you can mount the crate, and you can do without it.

Varieties of insulation for the attic roof. What insulation is better?

Today there are several options for the insulation for the attic roof:

• mineral wool;
• polystyrene foam;
• polyurethane foam;
• styrofoam;
• glass gaming;
• an authors;
• equata.

The most popular material is mineral wool, namely basalt. This relatively inexpensive material is produced comfortable thickness and sufficient stiffness. She keeps warmly warm, not combustible and is not amenable to rotting. However, it is afraid of moisture. Therefore, to ensure the preservation of all technical and operational properties, it must be carefully protected from all sides.

The foam has good performance characteristics that give it the opportunity to create good thermal insulation. The price of material is relatively low. It is easily mounted between the rainstorms of the Muspiece due to its elasticity and due to the fact that you can buy the slabs of the required size. All joints should be made of mounting foam.

Helpful advice! During the combustion, it is capable of distinguishing harmful substances, so it is better to give preference to self-fighting brands where special additives are used.

The material is not afraid of moisture. It does not hold steam, which is the main disadvantage of foam. In this regard, it is necessary to create a good ventilation system in the attic, which will lead to additional financial costs.

The most better characteristics possesses the extruded polystyrene foam, the thickness of which is two times less than that of mineral wool, and one and a half more than the foam. The material is equipped with a system of locks, which eliminates the formation of slots. The eppt is not formed by fungus and mold, it does not like rodents and insects. However, he does not miss the pairs, which requires the creation of a good ventilation system. Another disadvantage is the high cost of the material.

Recently there was a new type of insulation - foamed polystyrene foam. It is applied to the surface in liquid form, filling all the slots. At the same time, enhancing the reaction with oxygen, increases several times in size, forming a monolithic coating.

Helpful advice! The use of foamed polystyrene foam will improve the position in the absence of a layer of waterproofing during the installation of roofing coating.

Another under-generation insulation material is an eco-friendly, which has good characteristics. However, its application requires compliance with special technology. The loose wool is fed under pressure into the closed cavity, filling out all empties and forming a durable holistic layer of insulation. For the organization of a closed cavity to rafters, leaf material in the form of plywood, GVL or DVP is nailed from below.

A distinctive advantage of this material is its ability to conduct steam. Here moisture is regulated in a natural way, which does not require the organization of the parobacker. However, a ventilation gap must be created between the insulation and the roof, where the air masses are moved.

Today, among the possible projects of houses with an attic roof, you can choose the most acceptable and attractive option, and bring it to life for your own private dwelling. To make the house visually beautiful and aesthetic, it is necessary to seriously approach the question of choosing a kind of attic roof, which should be harmonized with the building design. The competently arranged rafting roof system is capable of immaculately perform all its operational and protective functions, which will create a warm, cozy and comfortable room.

Creating a naked roof with your own hands step by step. Video instructions

Modern attic is a room with inclined or partially inclined walls, and sometimes the ceiling. Due to the presence of attic in the house, heat loss is significantly reduced, and any residential premises cannot be excessive. So, the attic usually serves as a wonderful guest room, a library, workshop, a working office and a spacious dressing room.

Moreover, the design of the bantal attic roof can be both classic, with straight rigs and its separate view - broken, more comfortable and modern. And each of the option is their advantages!

You will be surprised, but under the concept, the bartal roof is capable of hiding amazing discoveries in the form of a displaced center, different angles and other architectural tricks. The potential is huge, whereas, for example, single-sided and tent roofs for the arrangement of the attic are less common.

To speak in general, then the main types of bantal attic roofs are only two:

Option # 1 - Attic under the classic duplex roof

Here is the easiest example of the design of the attic roof. So, along the bearing walls attached the lower part of the skate, represented in the form of rectangular triangles. They collect them like sprinkling rafters, and additionally bind the fights. Moreover, one of the lateral sides is the future frame for the walls of the attic room and, at the same time, the reference rack. And connect the top of the roof hanging rafters, with a tightening.

In general, a conventional duplex roof with frontones is suitable for the devices of the attic room. Then what is the constructive difference between the conventional duplex roof and the broken banta roof, which is still called the attic? The fact is that when calculating and designing a rafter system, such parameters are taken into account:

1. Weight roofing material.
2. Weight of the rafter system.
3. Climatic features of the terrain.

But when designing an attic roof of these items - as many as five:

1. Weight roofing material.
2. Weight of the rafter system.
3. Weight of materials that are included in roofing pie: heat, hydro and vaporizolation.
4. The weight of all elements of the internal finishing of the attic.

"Right" mansard windows

A little complexity in turn bring the mansard windows - without them in any way. In the case of broken mansard roof, everything is easier, the windows are made direct and especially during construction do not interfere. But at the classic duplex roof, they will have to construct the inclined, which gives a lot of trouble.

Mansard windows are good in that the light from them spread evenly throughout the room and there are no deaf side compartments. Depending on the form of the roof itself, such can be direct, inclined and in combination.

How to remake the usual roof in the attic?

Often an existing batch roof is reworked into the attic. All because even at the construction stage, they decided to save money and finish the cherished guide housing over time. Moreover, many really do that and everything turns out.

Let's say this: after all, it is better to design an attic roof at the stage of the design of the foundation, it is technologically literate, and more reliable, even if you insulate and finish it this season. But since I decided to redo the ready-made double - and this is possible. For example, another option will not work if you have purchased a ready-made home.

So, when reworking the first thing, calculate the weight of the future attic roof and the carrying ability of the existing foundation. Speaking by a simple language, you should make sure that the foundation was built with a margin and is ready to withstand a little more weight than now.

The second step you need to invite a specialist to look at the attic overlap. Is it calculated that there will be furniture on it and people will walk? And the fact that you are without fear of going to the attic does not say anything about anything. Most of the roofing types are also calculated that from time to time there will be a human foot on them - repair something needs to be done, but not constantly. Is everything designed and can be processed to construction work? Then go on.

The most important task is now in front of you - to decide whether you will change the shape of the roof. Yes, sometimes you have to raise the rocks and make from the classic duplex roofing - broken. The process is this time consuming, but everything is implemented. Strengthen the standard scope roof using triangular rafting farms, which are conveniently fixed to the roof, and as separate items.

And, the most responsible moment of reconstruction is the redistribution of the load. So, the beams and rafters are reinforced with overlays that are binding to racks. Then the tightening and reinforced rafters are fixed. And if the load from the roof goes on the beams of overlapping dispersed (this often happens when the rafter farms are located with a small step), then all these changes will help to change the direction of load of the entire roof.

What is interesting, in the design of modern attic roofs there are open elements: beams, parts of internal rafters and elements similar to them. All this effectively fits into the selected style of the interior, and it is not necessary to worry for construction, no matter how it is not in appearance after decoration.

What kind of interior? First, we are talking about this style as the French Provence. It is welcome to the naked beams of wood with a combination of gently white ceiling and walls, natural fabrics in fine flower and the same eco-friendly wooden furniture of dark tones. Now in fashion! And even a huge beam in the middle of the attic is not capable of damaging this style. After all, as you remember, it is the French architect that came up with the use of a subcoase space as a residential, and therefore, similar structural trifles are quite harmoniously combined with olive style, and sometimes they also speak the main style accents.

The second is no less popular style - High-tech. Here, the phase can and it is necessary to boldly set any elements of the rafter system made of metal. The main thing is that only the metal itself is brilliant and high-quality, with the same fastening. Additional leave in sight of the tube of the ventilation system and any other engineering elements, if they look quite aesthetically. After all, this style of the interior is technical. Who likes this? The current teenagers, programmers and any young people who are already turning from the showing classics in the interiors or the concerned rude minimalism.

Here is a small excursion to the world of modern design. Do not be surprised, but such a habitual attic is such a story - initially creative people and bohemians lived in such premises. And partly this tradition is preserved until today. And therefore, if you design a house with an attic roof, and worry about the presence of additional supports, beams or racks - of course leaard, we are not talking about the living room.

But what is often forgotten when designing an attic roof. This is a staircase! No matter how funny it sounds, but it happens that already in the construction process you have to do a double work. Do not miss this moment!

More and more people resort to independent erection of the house.

There are many reasons for this, and everyone is guided by its own motives.

But this is the main savings, of course, subject to the knowledge of the case.

Build your home for each man should become a mandatory attribute of success.

Invest savings in real estate the most loyal business. The house will slightly decades and with time its cost will only increase.

Of course, much depends on the design of both the inner and the outer part of the residential buildings.

For high-quality buildings, it will take the study of the technology of the attitudes of the attic roof. More important skill, knowledge of a joinery. Or you can learn instructions yourself, which describe in detail the entire project of work. You should also draw attention to the fact that there are different.

Starting to the construction, it is necessary to pose with the following issues.:

• What better use materials when building an attic roof?
• How many stages work to be performed?
• How many people need to help in building?
• What attitudes do you want to build?

It is best to plan the building of the attic, setting a duplex roof with a broken lineSo you can get the most large area of \u200b\u200bthe future room.

Before starting any construction should be developed. Working on it, seriously attributed to the figures specified in the calculations, even the slightest error can lead to future damage, both the roof and walls of the house.

So how to make a roof? This article will help you answer this question.

• For soft roofs solid;
• For slate discharged.

Naturally there are certain rules for installing a soft roof, here they are:

• If the rope roof angle is located between 5 to 10 °, then the roof has a form of solid flooring, special waterproof plywood or boards;
• When the inclined corner of the roof is located between 10 and 15 °, in this case the roof is made from a bar with dimensions of 45 × 50 millimeters and with a pitch of 45 cm;
• If the inclined angle is greater than 15 ° for crate it is used 45 × 50 mm rear, but with a pitch of 600 mm;
• For the fastening zone mounted an additional bar.

Soft roof

Mounting Maurolalat and Sropling System

Mauerlat is stacked after working on lining the attic and the placement of the flooring.

Thanks to the accommodation around the perimeter of the attic room of Mauerlat all indirect angles can be fixed..

The material uses bars. The thickness is selected under the edge of the walls.

When you are placing Mauerlat under the side of the cornice, you should be particularly attentive.

Watch the design to be faultbecause it is impossible to put additional items. We will have to disassemble a part of the external wall masonry and raise the inner part of the wall.

Installation Maurolat

Installation of insulation

Warming the attic room is needed if you are going to solely. First of all, it is necessary to determine the material used in quality. The best solution will be special basalt plates.

The density of the insulation is needed at least 30-40 km on the cubic meterotherwise it is inevitable for her sediment in the future. And thickness - 150 mm. Also, a special film is installed in the roof to protect against the blotch.

Step-by-step installation of insulation

Installation of crates and counterclaims

After the basis is installed, it is necessary to install to enhance the design. It is necessary if the inclined angle is big.

The counterclaim is installed from small barswhich are superimposed on top of the main crate, already on the laid waterproofing layer. When installing a counterclaim between the roof and the basis forms a ventilation space, which allows to increase the service life.

Installation of crates

Installation of waterproofing and vaporizolation

The broken roof requires the installation of waterproofing. To protect the roof from the penetration of moisture between the roof and the basis painted a special layer of rubberoid or film. The counter shoulder helps better ventilation to get rid of the vaporization effect.

The most common protection against evaporation is the three-layer design - hydrobarrier.

1. Reinforced grille. It is flying from polyethylene fibers.
2. Anti-condensate or Pobarrier.

Installed waterproofing on rafyled or crate.

Installation of waterproofing

Types of roofing materials and their installation

The market offers a large selection of roofing materials for every taste. Each of them has their own advantages and disadvantages. Any builder first looks at the cost of the roof, then on its quality and life.

Roofing material

Conclusion

The construction of an attic roof requires special diligence and painstaking work if you wish to get a qualitative and final result. There will be a lot of strength to invest not only physical, but also moral.

It will take a smart approach to work so that it is completed without problems. When meeting a number of obstacles, most owners turn to the help of hired workers. But on the other hand, that it can bring greater pleasure as not done quality work with their own hands.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to assemble a roof:

In contact with

Today, people are increasingly preferred to settle in their own home, where you can create full comfort and comfort for the whole family. It is even better when this house is created on its own project and do it yourself. However, in this case, each nuance needs to know from the laying of the foundation and before the construction of the roof. This type of two-sheet roof allows you to create additional residential square meters for living room, bedroom, cabinet or other room. In this article, consider the device of a two-tie attic roof, and the step-by-step process of its construction.

general information

Remember. All instructions are familiarizing. For the construction of the roof, we advise you to use the services and consultations of specialists, because Each case is specific.

Before starting the construction of the house, it is necessary to make the entire project and drawing of the roof with finished sizes, the height of the roof, the number of skates, etc. On this example, we will consider the construction of a classic two-tie roof, which is the most popular in our time.

Today you can meet different types of two-tie roofs.

A) and b) classic two-sheet roofs;

C) broken roof with a variable inclined angle;

D) a single-piece roof with remote consoles;

E) bunk roof with displaced spikes of support.

However, you can develop your own project that would most suit your parameters and requests.

Attention! Before starting work, you can calculate the approximate cost of work and the number of materials for the construction of the roof. To do this, our website contains specially designed online applications:

Montage Mauerlat.

The bars Mauerlat serve as a reliable support for the future rafter design, which will reliably fix the entire frame.

Maurylalat must be used in the place of inclination rafters. If a double-type roof, then Maurylalat is installed on two sides if the roof is four-tie, then around the perimeter of the whole roof.

It is the right to use the monolithic pouring of concrete with studs of the desired length and a thickness of 1 cm. In order for the studs reliably fixed Mauerlant bars, they must perform 3 cm over concrete.

Important! Brussia Mauerlat needs to be chosen based on the load of the entire roof. In our case, we use a cross section of 10x10 cm, but 15x15 cm and 20x20 cm are also available.

To determine the step between the studs, it is necessary to calculate in what place the joints of the rafter and Mauerlat will be located so that there are studs between these joints. If the stud will rest in the rafter or her cutout, then it will not only weaken the design, but can also lead to cracks on the board. For example, if the step between rafted 1 meter, then between the studs also use step 1 m, only in the center between two rafyles.

On the studs it is necessary to put a double layer of waterproofing (rubberoid) before installing Maurolat. On each bar under the studs, drill through holes opposite each stud. For fixing the studs and Mauerlat, we use nuts with washers.

Tip! To brick walls, the bars of Mauerlat can be recorded to studs that are inserted into the laying at the stage of the construction of the box.

Slinge system of a bantal attic roof with her own hands

Before you begin the installation of the rafter, we need to make a template for all rafting farms.

To do this, we get up at home, where we connect the boards at the desired angle and fix them with the rigleel and put marks for future cuts near the wall and Mauerlat. After that, on Earth, we begin the assembly of rafting farms with their subsequent raising and mounting on the roof.

First of all, we start the installation of extreme rafters of 4 meters long (3.5 meters from the stop to the skate and 0.5 meters will go to the skate), which should be on the same level and are strictly symmetrical if the roof is double as in our example. At the time of installation of the two extreme rafters, they must be strengthened for reliability with two disclosures as in the photo below and the corner below. We use a plumb for the horizontal position of the first extreme rafters. Between them, we stretch the thread, on which we will install other rafters in terms of level.

Next, go to the installation of special racks that will be transmitted through the slinging design of the severity on the walls. For fixing, metal corners were used, which capture wood screws on 6 on each side of the stop.

Construction of a two-tie roof video with step-by-step photo report

Now we start collecting a rafter design throughout the frame. After installing the rafter, it is fixed on the other side by the second counter. To enhance the strength at the bottom between two racks, we set the wooden wedge, as shown in the photo below. For fixing, it is best to use long wood screws or metal studs with a diameter of 12 mm.

On extreme rafters, we install 2 reigleel for stiffness of the structure, fix them with metal plates and wood screws.

At the top of the triangle, we install the bay, the top beam will be installed between it, and the top beam will be installed, on which the entire rafting roof design will be installed. The upper beam performs a carrier function for the rigidity of the entire frame.

If the length of the roof exceeds the length of the beam, then for its elongation, you can use the retainer from two parts of the edged boards with a length of 40-50 cm, which are fixed using metal studs.

On extreme rafters, we establish the second support for the stiffness of the structure, which is fixed from the bottom with a metal corner, and on top to the raftee of wood screws.

We install two riglels from each rapid board around the perimeter of the frame, we use metal studs for fixing.

At the top for fixing the connection, the rafter uses an iron corner and metal studs. This stage is very important for future stiffness and reliability of the building structure. In places of connection, the rafter, if they fall on the carrier beam, then it is necessary to cut every rapid board with a baking board, make a recess.

The slope of the roof behind the wall should be at a distance of at least 50-60 cm so that the snow does not have blinked there, and did not get oblique rain.

Finished rafter design.

Warming of a two-tie roof and waterproofing

To make comfortable conditions for living, it must be insulated. Today, for insulation, various materials, foam, mineral wool, etc. can be used. It is also important for waterproofing, which eliminates the collection of condensate, as well as moisture in the room in the event of a roof leakage.

For fixing waterproofing, special brackets or nails can be used, which are fixed to the rafter design with a 10-15 cm increments from the outside and then fastened by bar counter tests.

Important! The presence of a gap between the roof and the counterclaim is necessary to eliminate the formation of condensate and reduce the heat shield properties of the roof.

We turn to the thermal insulation with the help of mineral special wool of URS a thickness of 15 cm. The roll width is 60 cm, in this case, if the rafter spans already have this distance, then it will be necessary to chop the sheets of the desired size. The insulation of the roof is an important and responsible process.

When erecting such a complex design, like a naked roof with their own hands, we should take into account the mass of a variety of factors. First of all, it is necessary to choose the type of roof, which there is a lot. Next, you need to make a project with the calculation of the rafter system, slope of the rods, the roof area and the amount of materials necessary for its construction.

Roofing is erected according to certain technologies, which cannot be disrupted. How to make a full attic floor in the country house and let's talk in this article.

Types of mansard roofs

Before you begin to understand how to properly build a roof, let's see what kind of varieties of such structures happen. Such roofs differ in the form and number of rods, the corner of their tilt, the type of roofing material used, as well as the degree of insulation. The choice of one or another type of roof depends on the most different factors: the architectural solution of the house as a whole, the climatic zone in which the building is located, the financial capabilities of its owners, etc. The attic in principle is allowed to arrange under the roof of any design.

Dersighted roofs are:

1. Single. This is the easiest in the construction of the roof type. Under the single-sided roofing in the attic room there will be only one full-fledged wall;
2. Two-tight. The device of the attic roof of this species is also no particular complexity. Its disadvantage is not considered too much useful area. After all, the angles of the room under duct roof form an unused "deaf" zone;
3. Two batch broken. This option is much more convenient in terms of the device of residential premises;
4. Tents. Such a roof is suitable in square buildings. The tent roof has four identical scatter;

Tent Children's Roof is arranged in square houses

1. Valm. It is also a four-tight attic roof. Instead of the frontones in the design, skates are provided. The hollow roof is also very convenient for the device under the attic;
2. Multi-crossing. Such roofs have a very complex configuration;
3. Pyramidal, conical, dome. The roofs of this type are arranged on the buildings of a complex shape.

The roof of any design can be converted under the attic

There is also a roof of an attic type. Its design involves the removal of the skates far beyond the largest building on special consoles.

On a note: Do with your own hands most often under the attic one is satisfied with a double broken roof. The technology of its erection is quite simple, and the room as a result is quite spacious.

How to make the calculation of the roof

In order to make the calculation of the number of roofing material, insulation, the hydro and vapor barrier film should first of all determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe future roof. It is especially difficult to perform the necessary calculations if the roof is broken and has a complex configuration. At the same time, the diagram of the attic roof is drawn and divided into simple geometric shapes. Next, the area of \u200b\u200beach figure is calculated. The results are folded.

The triangle area is calculated by the formula S \u003d (BXH) / 2, where b is the length of the base of the triangle, H is its height. The formula for calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe trapezium - s \u003d ((a + b) / 2) xh, where a and b is the base of the trapezium, H is its height. The formula of the circle - S \u003d pxr 2, where R is the radius of the circle. Number n \u003d 3,14

Horseful roof. Drawings make it possible to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof without any problems.

1. Used roofing material. Manufacturers always indicate which minimum and maximum inclination angle are admissible for one or another of its view;
2. Climatic conditions. A mansard roof is arranged with your own hands, given the region in which the building is located. The steeper the angle of inclination, the greater the load on the roof will be wind. But at the same time, the load from snow and ice on roofing pie and rafters will be less;
3. Appointment. The design of the attic roof in our case should be developed taking into account the fact that later it will be a residential premises. Therefore, it is recommended to choose such an angle so that the height from the beam beam to the upper point of the roof was at least 2.5 m, taking into account the thickness of the heat insulator and the trim.

The installation of the attic roof of the installation of the lower (urban) rafters continues. For them, the timber is suitable with a cross section of 50x150mm. Previously make a template from not too thick board. One end is applied to Mauerlat, and the other to run. Next place the form washed and cut it. By this template, the rafters are cutting.

To install the upper (hanging) rafters, the center of the roof is placed. At the same time, a temporary rack is nourished to Mauerlat and an extreme tightening is installed. Further prepares pattern from the board and the ends of the upper rafters are cut on it. In the center they are bonded with each other with metal plates. Then you need to put the suspended racks (25x150mm rear). After that, the lower rafters are strengthened with pins (50x150 mm board) and sewing frontoths.

Galvanized corners, self-tapping and nails are used to attach all elements of the rafter system.

Okeekhet

Dersighted roof projects can provide for the use of various roofing materials. Very often you can see the roof of metal tile or professional flooring. Under them can be installed rarefied doom. When using rolled materials, a solid one is mounted.

A kindergarten roof dryer can be solid or rarefied

Waterproofing and installation of roofing material

The roof of the attic with their own hands will be reliable only if high-quality waterproofing is arranged. Most often, a superdiffusion membrane is used to protect the roof. Mount it starts from below. At an angle of inclination of the roof from 15 to 30g, the nailed between the rows of the film should be approximately 25 cm, at an angle more than 30g - 15-20 cm. The film is attached to rafters by special brackets. A counterclaim is hampering over the film. The roofing material is attached to it.

Roofing material mounted on top of the waterproofing film

Important: When installing, it is necessary to ensure that the film does not stretch. The material should slightly resist. This ensures ventilation of the undercase.

Insulation

Under all the technologies of insulation, the attic roof is suitable for the arrangement of residential premises. With their own hands, the heat insulator is usually mounted from the inside of the room. In the case of installation of the insulation, the attic of the attic from the inside is pre-performed. After the laying is completed, so that the plates do not fall out, they are tightened to the wire from below, fixing it to the rafters.

Warming roof houses with an attic. Photos of basalt wool between rafyles

On a note: Most often for mansard insulation, mineral wool is used. It lies between the rafters denser than the foam. As a result, the appearance of cold bridges is eliminated.

Parosolation and sheathing

Double roof attic is arranged with the mandatory use of vapor barrier material. On top of the wool it is necessary to pull the isospan foil inside the room. Above it is hampered under the trim. In this way, ventilation is satisfied. From the inside of the attic is trimmed with plasterboard, clapboard or plywood.

Thus, a reliable attic roof can be erected with her own hands. The video presented below represents the roofing pie process with the insulation styling outside.

As you can see, the construction of an attic roof is quite complex technologically. However, arrange an extra living room in the country with your own hands, attaching a little effort, yet it is possible.