Why Elegy Sea refers to romanticism. Elegy "Sea" as a romantic work (Zhukovsky in

(Zhukovsky. "Sea")

We have a conversation about romanticism in the 8th or (with adverse circumstances) in the 9th grade. And he begins with the lecture, since no textbook is known to me, wherever romanticism is intelligible written everything you need for full-fledged work. Of course, the 8th grade is no longer the 5th, but the lecture entry still has to furnish with a variety of methodical "techniques". To begin with, inspired by saying that the ability to record a lecture is necessary for any student, and at the institute there will be no lessons. Promise that the quality of the recording will definitely be checked and the assessment will go logged in (let it be completely good assessments - not a pity). Write on the cover of the notebook "Store 5 years" (in view of the importance of information for the upcoming exams). In the course of the lecture, I usually pronounce every thought separately (if they are asked - twice, even though three times), but not dictated, but I give time to write in your own words, so the lecture can take up to two lessons.

In the next lesson, I will definitely conduct a written survey on the main lectures of the lecture (also the column of marks, also usually good). I do not regret it, because in romanticism really need to understand a lot: romantic dwellemic (In essence, the chief distinctive sign of the direction: "Romanticism is a mirror"), infinity of the human soul as the main artisticopening ("Romanticism is a soul"); Method of image of this infinity: road, Sea, Sky, Stars("All romance - with a big road"), love for exotic and far countries; Conflict worlds (external and internal, dream and reality); romantic hero (a stranger who has the key to other worlds), His right to be at least a romantic villain - if only Filiuter, living in one boring reality(Hence, by the way, the inapplicability of expressions "Positive" and "negative" hero is the look of classicists); unattainable romantic dream; creativity as a "normal" condition and human soul, and peace; spontaneity (organic) of these creative forces; From here - the layer of the entire oesthetic system of classicism, artistic experiments, including stylistic; Interest in the folk (also spontaneous, not classical) creativity, folklore, national historical past.

You need to specify one detail. An adult philologist knows that the term "romanticism" is customary to be called as a literary direction, having a limited time frame (the end of the XVIII is the first third of the XIX century) and the artistic method, which was in demand more than once and later. Such a theory: all the replacement of artistic directions can be viewed as alternations of "romanticism" and "realism" in the broadest sense. Schoolchildren are completely uninteresting to delve into subtle differences between the method and direction (yes, do I need?). But still you have to say about them before asked homemade the task. It looks like this: Among the books you read, select the one that you would attribute to romanticism (in the broadest sense), and prove your opinion, relying on the theory. Check sometimes passes in writing - after answering my questions on the lecture. The guys often write about fantasy, as this genre is always built on dvools, and in general, there are many romantic decisions. Never object to such examples - if only there were evidence. But after this theoretical digression, we must go to Zhukovsky, in particular - to the Elegy "Sea", which is made even on the exam.

First task.

Record all possible, from your point of view, interpretation of this poem.

If in this form, the task will not be understood, you can ask otherwise: "Name the main characters of this poem. Try to determine what "hidden" behind these images. "

If the work occurs in the class, then each task will have to give a small, strictly fixed time (two to three to five minutes). As soon as the time is over, we take on the "names" of the main characters on the board: the sea and the sky - and briefly write off the interpretation class of these images offered by the class. You can start with the disciple, who has more interpretations anymore. The task, oddly enough, managed to fulfill even the weakest class. Interpretations were offered such.

This is a landscape, the relations of two natural elements are described here.
- This is a relationship of two people: one loving (sea), the other is a favorite (sky).
- This is the soul of a person (sea) and her relationship with God (sky).
- This is the story of the author himself (lyrical hero), which he did not want to tell directly and depicted through the landscape.
- This is the story of any person, every human soul, because no one is happy all his life and calm, everyone has the experience of storms and suffering.

Thus, the "collective mind" of the 9th grades gave a fairly complete and deep interpretation of Elegy.

Setting the following.

Find the features of romanticism in these verses and write down in their notebooks. (for a while, who is more).

The answers looked like this:

In verses there are dwellemic (two elements and two interpretations: the history of the elements and the history of the soul);
- The sky is an unattainable sea dream;
- the seaside and sky themselves are loved by romantics (for infinity);
- In verses, strong, stormy feelings characteristic of romantic heroes are described.

And again we received a completely qualified analysis, using the Competition element. In addition, everyone is nice to feel smart and educated, see how an abstract theory suddenly helped open unexpected and interesting parties in verses.

Next, you need to apply for another term - elegy. Entering it is especially easy if the class knows and loves Tolkien (about the "Lord of the Rings" often write as a product built on romantic laws). I tell you that most of the genres came to us from Antique Greece and Rome. And Elegy from even more distant Dali - from Babylon. But in general, such a genre is almost every nation: a long song, initially part of the funeral rite. In Elegy, the singer remembers all his life, all the exploits of the depressed feeling: it was, but will never happen again. Tolkien was so buried the King of the King Theoden: He would never jump to the horse, he would not raise the sword, he would not lead his people on the battle, would not dry the bowl on the feast (he would not reveal the phone ...). The first elegy, who brought Zhukovsky glory, was called the "rural cemetery" (about the fact that this translation, we spoke earlier on the "biographical" lesson). She is full of this regrets of life, which lives irrevocably. But in the romantic elegions, not only about non-returnable life. By this time, the elegy is no longer a funeral song, but just a sad poem, in which you can regret the past youth, for example, or about gone love.

What does the Lyrical hero of Elegy regrets about the "sea"? After all these clarification and a brief record, another question about the "Sea".

The answers looked like this:

About the unavailability of the sky;
- about lost harmony of relations.

Further work with the Lyricity of Zhukovsky (in particular - the language analysis) will be built mainly on the ballads and on the passage "inexpressible" (this is the topic for another article).

"Full analysis" of artistic text

(Pushkin. "Demons")

In the dispute about the "personal" and "philological" approach to the school literature, that famous "full analysis plan" from the collection of T. Abrahe "The Art of Analysis of Artwork" managed to become an example of a soulless approach that kills any book in children's eyes. The author of this plan, of course, was at all a goal at all and did not insist at all that each book was studied for this time and forever "approved" scheme (and even just the opposite: there are examples of very different approaches to the analysis of works) . And in general, this plan is a wonderful "cheat sheet", prompting what can be written in the examination work, if all thoughts ran away, and only fear remained from the feelings. But, of course, only an eleventh grader is capable of evaluating him, for whom the exam is already real and inevit. The works of the same to be analyzed could be studied for a long time, when no one would hear any formal plans. For example, "demons" Pushkin (one of the most mysterious, "unresolved" works in the program) we read in the same 9th grade ...

To start, I gave the so-called "Adjusting" task (Favorite acceptance of my teacher Yu.A. Halfina: ask, not explaining anything in advance): Write an essay "The mystery" demons "." When someone still asked, and what's the mysterious, replied that i do not understand why, after all the experienced fears, the hero says that his heart and a plaintive ward "are" sick. " Do not compress, do not leave, but they are torn. Who he regrets why, where did fear come? Such a question of the issue really puzzled even skeptics, and everyone took up the search for answers. Of course, the results turned out uneven, and completely unacceptable from the point of view of the "scientific" philology, but they needed to us as the starting point in the conversation. Everyone now realized and felt the "content" in this text, which is not amenable to light "decoding". Of all those offered to me (this year), the interpretations went to move two.

The first interpretation belongs to a student from class, which at school has a reputation of hopelessly weak. More precisely - too peculiar, and therefore unable to fit into the modern educational system. The following was said in the paper: "In my opinion, demons are government officials who they want to do with people. And the barin and the rummer react differently on them. The man is afraid of them, and Barin looks at all this, and he has a "darkened". " And then suddenly the attack: "These are poems about the fact that people react differently to evil."

Of course, there is no word about officials in "demons". At first glance, the interpretation is completely unacceptable and arbitrary (although Gogol would probably not say so: he wrote about officials about the same spirit as our Maxim). And in the class she caused a healthy laughter. I had to pay attention to two details: on a wise prescription, very precisely determined and the plot, and the problem of these verses: a meeting of a person with evil, the reaction to evil. And the other: after all, in such a interpretation it is not about people who worn in the snowfield, but about the fate and the mountain of the whole country. There are beams-officials, but the people suffering from them. Do we have the right to say that Pushkin writes about the fate of Russia? And if yes - how to prove it?

The course of evidence turned out to be approximately so.

The way of the road is symbolic: the path is a life path (for example, in the "telega life", and not only in Pushkin works: the road-life is an archetype).

Winter road is the Russian path (topos).

The road lost in the blizzard will be the direct interference of the fate into the life of heroes in the story "Blizzard", which Pushkin wrote there, in Boldin, in the same autumn, just a little later, and everything he then wrote, connected with each other as one Grand Text, one more complex, huge thought.

Pushkin, of course, thought at this time about fate: he went to Boldino, going to marry soon, but he got into a cholera quarantine. What ahead: marriage or death? How does fate judge? (Here a lot was remembered: and "the houses are burying, the witch is given to marry?" - and the fact that the poet of marriage has just led to early death ...) So, poems about fate, and besides, prophetic.

And after a few years in the "Captain daughter" a very similar plot (Buran and Travelers, confronted from the way; By the way, there, too, there is a barin, and a thing, and someone who seemed wolf, then turned out to be a man - but a terrible person) will be A symbol of terrible, bloody historical turmoil who intervened in the fate of heroes. So there, "we got down, what to do to us?" - for sure about the fate of Russia. But after all, for the first time, the image was found in the "demons" ... The common Russian road and the common Russian fate voluntarily or involuntarily see the dear and destiny of the hero. Yes, and hero - he can be any of us.

And finally, epigraphs. When a prophetic vision began to come true, how many times these verses were put in epigraphs - and Dostoevsky, and Bulgakov, and many others. All of them were also seen that these verses about Russia and her eternal "off-road" ...

The second work on which we relied in our "full analysis" was written in a stronger class. Another student (Kolya) thought gloomily and asked why Pushkin repeats three times "rush clouds, clouds." So as not to impose any interpretations, I answered him with a shy "philology": these verses, they say, in the genre are close to the ballad, and the ballad has to have refrain. I suspect that such an answer would be welcomed by the exam, but Kohl only dispersed disassembled. And he wrote that the heroes of "demons" were thrown out of real time and space. As they circle in the field, it is also circling at one time point, and the refrain transmits it stopped time. He tried to explain the strange "invulnerability" of the hero, the lack of fear: the mysterious world of spirits is intangible and cannot cause him physical harm, but "presses the psyche". Kohl, as we see, did not suit the formal "hanging the label" on the artistic technique (they said the "ballad", "refrain" - and calmed down, I did not understand what the meaning is hidden here). He tried to explain the feature of the reception. But to prove the eligibility of his interpretation either also failed. I had to help.

Refrain divides the poem into three parts: first the path in the "real" field (time and space), then the stop ("bell suddenly fallen") and some revaluation of everything that flashes before the eyes ("Who knows them: a stump or wolf?" - or really "the demon will lead us ..."); The picture of the world begins to double and decrease on real (material) and fantastic (or spiritual - that is, inhabited by spirits). And when "horses again suffered", the hero clearly opens the "second", invisible, intangible world. It can be said that the travelers crossed the border of the two worlds, got into a kind of mysterious "here and now," where fate are revealed. It is not clear, not in the details and events - only in troubled sensations, "donating the heart ..." Such is the three-part composition.

After discussing the work and the clarification of the fact that vaguely fermented in children's attempts to explain these truly mysterious poems, you can try to "decompose" the understanding of that very universal plan.

Context. Marriage and cholera. Border situation: whether the life line is ahead, then the edge between life and death.

Topic. Life path, the fate of the heroes and the fate of the country.

Problematics. The lost path, the road on which an inevitable meeting with evil is waiting. How to meet him? "What to do to us?"

Idea (pathos - Law, I do not know what the term is worse). With regard to verses, usually this "item" is prudently lowered. But here the memory comes, firstly, the letter of Pushkin that a bold man should not get soleberry. "Courage!" - Here is the first idea, the first advice of Pushkin, how to meet an evil face to face. The second idea arises, if you compare the most mysterious words "taking care of the heart" (and "plaintive" - \u200b\u200bthat is, causing pity squeal and howl) with a persistent appeal to the grace sounding in the "Captain daughter". Courage, compassion and mercy - that's what Pushkin tried to "bequeath" to us, perhaps, in fact, suddenly seeing terrible troubles on the path of Russia.

Artistic method. But about it, maybe you should not talk at all? There are works in the great masters, which do not fit into any schemes. Yes, there is a realistic picture of the winter road, a man and a barin. Yes, there are romantic dwellemiria, and so we are presented to us that we will only consider the "demons" until the game: clouds, blizzards and the moon, the fruit of the frightener of the yammer and the poetic imagination of the hero. And besides, here so much symbolic that all conversation about the method becomes extremely conditional. Pushkin uses everything that world literature can offer.

Genre. These verses are really close to the ballad. There is also a plot (element "epic" in the lyrol-epic genre), and the mood of a gloomy mystical fierce, besides, inspired by "folk predans" and superstitions. And refrain, as already mentioned. What is not the ballad, in fact?

Image system. In the "literature" article M. Pavlov (2000, No. 45) on "demons" was published, in which the "border care" of all images (in particular, inexplicable from the point of view of simple realism "leaves in November") was considered in detail. Of course, it is necessary to talk about them in detail, turning attention to the fact that the "duality" of what is happening is due to a certain "cross-" perception of two heroes: Barina and a yammer. Thus, we have: 1) a very real picture of night blizzards, clouds running on the background of the moon, and travelers who have come down on the way; 2) the frightened look of the yamchik, who is might of the stump, then the wolf, then the unprecedented versta (and fear of the horses - in no way explained; maybe the wolf really is);); 3) The view of the main character, which was really suddenly saw the spirits with some prophetic inner eyes, either used the "Terminology" of the yamchik to express his inner state, due not only to the road adventure, but also his entire life situation.

In addition, it is necessary to note the images carrying a symbolic load: the road is fate, the winter road is the fate of Russia.

Composition. We have already spoken about her. Three parts: the real way is to stop at the point where every path is lost, the movement towards "evil" (misfortune, grief, fate), already clearly visible spiritual vision. By the way, we note the role of the bell: it sounds - silent (and it is scary) - again sounds. And in this place, catharsis comes, maybe because in the movement there is a boss and even heroism - the key to victory.

Chronotope. Why not take advantage of the keeper? Heroes moved in real time and space, and then they were thrown out of it in the space symbolic and timeless point, from which you can see future destinies.

Properties of verse. This is just very famous, studied things. Using the example of the two first lines of "demons", they always show how the "right" four-star kernel transfers the rhythm of the rabid horse, and two pyrroys make it sliding and ghostly. The same duality is the main reception that determines the entire system of these verses.

You can talk at the end of the paths: about the personification ("a blizzard is angry, the blizzard crying"), which prepares us to the author's stunning statement: "I see: demons gathered ..."; About multiple epitheats ... Yes, only Pushkin trails consumed in general from where scoop - preferred words in the most direct and accurate meaning. Syntax ... So I foresee that we will be asked to specify the role of homogeneous members and nonsense. Of course, they contribute to creating anxiety mood, transmit internal confusion. Although all this, it seems to me, it would be better to leave linguists.

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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is a Russian poet-romantic of the beginning of the nineteenth century ... and the author of the Sea, the verse that interests us here. The writer was able to live in the era of the heyday of Russian poetry and drama. It is thanks to the unsurpassed talent of Zhukovsky, a huge number of works of famous European poets and writers received a light Russian flavor when translating. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was not just a poet and translator, but became a whole epoch in the literature. The founder of romanticism and master of Elegy, translator and teacher, the mentor of the imperial house and the author of the words of the State Anthem of the Russian Empire "God, Tsar Gran."

Many messages, songs, romances, ballads and epic works that came out from under the pen Vasily Andreevich are still reference and make up the literary heritage of Russia.

Despite the fact that he fell to live and create together with Pushkin, Karamzin, Turgenev, Gogol, Krylov, Griboedov, Davydov and many outstanding Russian writers and poets, Zhukovsky managed not to get lost in the shadow of great and popular colleagues. Moreover, many young and talented poets, including Pushkin, considered Zhukovsky with their mentor and studied at the writer.

The origins of the literary romanticism of Zhukovsky

For any poet, romantic feelings serve as inspiration in creativity. And for the founder of romanticism in Russian poetry, definitely, love has always been important as air. But fate did not allow Zhukovsky to gain happiness in love. None of the beloved women gave the writer with a clean feeling and happy family life. The first love of an eighteen-year-old romantic Zhukovsky became a romantic drama. The sublime feelings for their own niece of Mary Nikolaevna Veljaminova could not have continued, so the girl hastily married a unloved man, thus putting an end to the first relationship in the life of the poet.

But after a year, the heart of Young Zhukovsky will again be in power of Amur. Choosplace of the Russian Genius of Literature, Maria Protasova, was fulfilled only eleven years. Is it possible to love another child truly? Zhukovsky was a relative and teacher of the girl, so fought with his feelings, considering the love of wondering. But this is a "wrong" romantic feeling just wondered in love with Zhukovsky.

Romantic poetry is so easy, so confidently flew out of the poet's feather. This love for the writer has become fatal. Maria Protasova grew up and answered with reciprocity to the feelings of Zhukovsky. But Mary's mother, Sister Zhukovsky, was categorically opposed to such relationships, the parent was taken away from the daughter away from cardiac attachment. Neither appeal to the emperor, no request to the sister, did not help in love to experience happiness.

Maria Protasova marries the Derptian Moira doctor. This selection of a woman made consciously, the unfortunate protasov wanted, finally, stop the heart flour from prohibited and unpromising romantic relationships. The woman still loved Zhukovsky, but since the in love was not given to live together, decided to free himself and beloved from romantic oaths and love suffering.

One step closer to family happiness ...

Only fifty-six-year-old, Zhukovsky was able to approach the long-awaited happiness. Beloved writer, twenty-year-old Elizabeth Reiterne, did not immediately give consent to marriage. But the in love poet did not want to retreat. The father of the girl, the longtime friend of Zhukovsky, immediately refused, but the intervention of the emperor made the decision. Wedding permission was obtained. But family happiness turned out to be short. Young wife distinguished. The spouse gave birth to a poet of two children, but moved away from her husband. Zhukovsky himself felt lonely, even when the family acquired.

Melancholy - Eternal companion of romanticism ... "Sea"

The romantic and thin soul of the poet was prone to melancholy. The writer perceived nature as the initial moment towards the mental expression of feelings. In the poem "Sea" Zhukovsky excellently expresses love experiences on the example of the sea and the sky.

Posted by the poet this exciting, impregnated with Elegia after marriage Mary Protasova, but is devoted to the work of their romantic love. Maria Zhukovsky enters into the image of the sea, and itself in the image of the sky. The sea and the sky, like the Egyptian Divities of the Child and Geb seize each other, but will never be able to connect.

The poet picturesquely depicts the beauty of his beloved in the image of the living sea. It can be seen that the writer is fascinated by the girl. However, the heroine confused with love is worried and tormented by hopelessness of the situation. But it is impossible to tell anyone about forbidden love, so the beloved is forced to keep their love in secret:

You are alive; You breathe; tormented by love
Anxious Duma is filled with you.
Silent sea, azure sea,
Discover me deep secret your ...

The poet asks her beloved in the form of the sea, whether the girl loves him, whether he wants to connect to one whole to him:

Ile pulls you out of earthly captivity
Far, bright sky to himself?

The sea in response takes away with huge waves. The emery of the sea raging waves seeks to connect with the sky, but can only caress the clouds. Full of life Sweet Sea can not get heaven, dark clouds are going to: "To take a clear sky from you." The poet fills the lines of Elegy by passionate experiences. The expression of the love of the sea is simply captured by the Spirit. Strong experiences of the beloved woman Eternal romantic managed to reflect incredibly dusty and gently. Clouds go, the selflessness of lovers amazes with its sincere purity and spirit of the Spirit, with which the sea copes with their experiences.

But the full calm does not occur. The sea still loves the sky:

Not at all you will return silence;
Finding your immobility view:
You are in the abyss of the late hiding confusion
You, if you admire the sky, tremble for him ...

Zhukovsky stresses the last rows that, despite the broken relationship, love did not die. Deep in the soul love is still burning with bright fire from both lovers. To carry out literary, artistic intentions from Zhukovsky helps the genre of Elegy's elected writer. Elegy describes sad, melancholic, miserable feelings, making it with philosophical notes. The poet in lyrical reflections expresses sadness of the hopeless position of his love passion for the love of all his life.

Remark about the art features of the "Sea" and the history of the creation of a poetic masterpiece of Zhukovsky

1822 will remain in the history of Russian literature as the moment of creating a masterpiece called "Sea". The reader, silent by the best examples of world poetry, for sure, remembers the maritime element inspired many poets. It is worth remembering Rilke and his famous lines "Marina, we are a sea ...". The poem of Zhukovsky differs in the way that there is no rhyme.

The verse was created during the artistic maturity of Zhukovsky, when an obvious transition from sentimentalism to romantic trends was noted in the work of the poet. Literary critics regard the "Sea" as the program text of Zhukovsky. Metaphors, epithets and skillful alliterations endow the "sea" of an extraordinary artistic value.

The image of the sea in Russian poetry has always occupied and continues to take one of the most important places. And it is not surprising, because it is a mighty, mysterious and at the same time a romantic element that visits thousands of magical images. Especially significant role "maritime" themes plays in poetry of romanticism. The aesthetics of this is largely on the opposition of real, earthly and in counterweight boring reality of the romance poet described the area of \u200b\u200bdreams, fairy tales, fantasies, and only a genuine creator could receive access to it.

The image of the sea in Russian poetry in such a context acquires new meanings: it is, if not a certain portal, a country inhabited by magical creatures. Water element dual in nature. The mirror smooth at any time can turn into huge waves that carry death and destruction.

Personalia

The image of the sea in Russian poetry, if we talk more specifically, was widely used in the work of such great representatives of literature, like Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev. Even after the influence of romanticism began to fade, the motifs of the water element are, and the matter arise in the poems of Balmont, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva.

V.A. Zhukovsky

Describing the image of the sea in Russian poetry, it is impossible not to mention the work of Zhukovsky. Some literary criticism noted that a truly close interest in such topics begins at Elegist with the poem "Sea", written in 1882. The poet personifies it becomes an endless space that does not obey any human laws free from all prohibitions.

With the marine element identifies itself to the lyrical hero - in his soul, the abyss is also lurking, the baur. The Motive of Dvoemirine, characteristic of poetry of romanticism, is revealed in the poem. The sea, in Zhukovsky, hopelessly seeks to achieve the sky, touch him. "Heavenly Tver" in this case becomes exactly the unattainable ideal, in the pursuit of which the earthly life passes. Researchers compare the relationship of the sea and the sky with the relationship between the human soul and God. An important place is occupied by the image of a storm as an embodiment of an unnatural, irregular state.

A.S. Pushkin

The library of Russian poetry would be incomplete without creativity. Pushkin. The poet called Zhukovsky his teacher, but his romanticism was a few other sense: rebellious, daring, irreconcilable. His poem "To the Sea" was written during the Odessa reference. The young poet then dreamed of shooting abroad, passionately wanted to escape from the stuffy captivity. "To the sea" became a kind of poetic manifesto, reflecting all these aspirations.

Written on the death of Bairon, one of the founders of literary romanticism, the work is distinguished by a bright imagery: the sea for Pushkin becomes a symbol of freedom, unstability.

F.I. Tyutchev

With the words "the theme of nature in Russian poetry" is primarily associated, of course, the poetry of Tyutchev. The images of marine elements were reflected in his work. The sea famous poet depicts mainly at night.

As in lyrics V.A. Zhukovsky show the features of romanticism?

Show text entirely

The Russian public of the XVIII century was waiting for something new, not similar to strict classicism. With the advent of romanticism, the reader realized that literature could be close and clear to all of the people. Brilliant translator, a thin lyrics and founder of Russian romanticism - Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky i introduced the reader with such genres like a ballad and an eleg.

Let's start with the fact that the genre of Elegy implies the author's thinking over such "eternal" topics, as life and death, love and misfortune, war and peace. Philosophical reflections on the briefness of harmony can be found in the Elegy "Sea" (1822).

"Sea" - Romantic Manifesto Zhukovsky. Here we can find the motifs of sadness, loneliness. The poem begins the epithetoma "silent", and this epithet sounds refrain and in the fifth line. In the word "silent" lies the key to understanding the image of the sea. The sea appears in front of the reader quiet, calm, fixed. The lyrical hero is trying to discover the secret, to understand that he moves the "immense Lona" water element, which anxious thought is filled. The lyrical character concerns the relationship between the two elements: marine and heavenly. The sea abyss reflects the sky, stretches to him, is afraid of losing communication with him: "Il pulls him from earthly unholi / distant light sky to himself?" Similarly, the soul of a person stretches to the high and beautiful, striving for freedom, like a sea that languishes in earthly skies. There is an idea of \u200b\u200bromantic doolmirine: the sea, like the human soul, is looking for harmony, stretches towards the sky in the perfect world. So the author expresses the main theme of Elegy - Eternal Stere

Criteria

2 of 3 k1 Depth of understanding the theme and persuasive arguments
1 of 2 k2 The level of ownership of theoretical literary knowledge
3 of 3 k3 Validity of attracting the text of the work
3 of 3 K4 Composite integrity and logicality of presentation
3 of 3 k5 Following the norms of speech
TOTAL: 12 out of 14

The founder of Russian romanticism is considered to be V. A. Zhukovsky, who elected the world of the human soul by the main subject of his poetry.
"His poems captivating sweetness
Will take centuries an envious distance ... "
- wrote about him A. S. Pushkin. "... spiritualizing Russian poetry by romantic elements, he made it available to society, gave her the opportunity to development, and without Zhukovsky we would not have Pushkin," V. G. Belinsky recognized, who considered Zhukovsky first poet in Russia, whose poetry "came out of life. "
In poem

"Inadequate" Zhukovsky himself determined the originality of his creativity: the subject of his poetry was not an image of visible phenomena, but the expression of fleeting elusive experiences.

Invisible subject to expressive?
The poet wants to keep in flight
Not the beauty of invisible phenomena
But, what is fused to this brilliant beauty, -
This is so vague, exciting us
This emerable one soul of the finding voice,
Sie to distant rapidness,
SEE IT IT HE ...
This is the essence of the poetry of Zhukovsky. She is the story of the soul of the poet, his excitement, dreams and the dum, the lyrical expression of which is its elegances, ballads and poems. The theme of the charm of the soul, gifted by inspiration, the vision of the beautiful, always instantaneous and inexpressible, with which Zhukovsky's understanding of poetry is connected, was the main for his work.

It is particularly brightly revealed in the Elegy "Mysterious Visitor", about the elusive feeling of charm and taving the soul on the unknown ideal and the poems of the "past days of charm ...", "to -Mimo flying to the familiar", "I am a young man happened ...".
The same character of an elegic charm and ideality carries a love Lyrics of Zhukovsky, dedicated to M. A. Protasova. It includes poems "My friend, Guardian Angel My ...", "Oh, cute friend! Now with you ... "," to her "," you still stood quietly. "
Zhukovsky knew and depicted the inner world of a person who was not satisfied with the reality and fascinated by the unferaque beauty of love, friendship, nature, memories of experienced happiness, hopes and romantic hope for distant, unknown, "fascinated there."
The merit of Zhukovsky as "Poet-Romance" is that he managed to express not only his inner world, but also opened the means of the poetic image of mental life at all. With its romantic elegions and ballads, he introduced psychologism to Russian literature and closely connected poetry with the individuality of the poet, filling every poem of deep lyrism. Zhukovsky sincere and lyric and spiritual experiences, and paintings of nature, and even patriotic poems about Borodino battle.

In the patriotic hymn "singer in the village of Russian warriors," written in October 1812, are not depicted by military events, but the mood of the poet - the battle participant. The poem is written in the form of an agitated speech:
Country where we are for the first time
Tasted the sweetness of being,
Fields, hills are native,
Native sky cute light
Familiar streams
Gold games of the first years
And first years lessons -
What will be replaced by your charm?
About the Motherland holy,
What heart is not trembling,
Bless you!

Zhukovsky's poetry hit contemporaries and attracts today's readers with their musicality, melodiousness. Zhukovsky creates a musical verbal flow in which "words are notes."
Even evening ... the clouds fell in the edges,
The last ray ray on the towers is dying;
The latter in the river is a shiny jet
With extinct sky fading.
All quietly: groves sleep; in the vicinity of peace;
Shattering on the grass under the guise of tilted,
I look like a murmur, merging with the river,
Flow, bushes autumn.

These are lines from the famous Elegy "Evening", where music and the word as if merged together. Not accidentally drew attention to them P. I. Tchaikovsky, who used them for the Lisa duet and Polina in the opera "Peak Lady".
The content of Elegy is a lyrical experience in contemplating the poet of nature, which causes melancholic memories and meditation about friendship, "about the happiness of young days", about the dead friends, about their fate and their vocation:
I sit thinking; in the soul of my dreams;
To the running times I am leuing with a memoir.
About the days of my spring how quickly you hide
With your bliss and suffer!
I was Rock Sulil: Breaking by unknown paths,
Being a friend of peaceful villages, love the abrasions of nature,
Breathe under dusk oak silence
And, the gaze bowing to Penne Water,
Creator, friends, love and happiness to chant.

Lyrical motives are so natural and imperceptibly changed that poems become a single, alive, smoothly smiling musical-lyrical flow, which reflects the soul with the slightest shades and nuances of its experiences. "The essence and idea of \u200b\u200bthe style of Zhukovsky, his poetry as a whole is the idea of \u200b\u200ba romantic personality. Zhukovsky opened the Russian poetry of the human soul ... "(G. A. Gukovsky).

All this was developed by Pushkin, as well as other Russian poets: Lermontov, Nekrasov, Tyutchev, block. Carefully rereading the poems of Zhukovsky, you understand the high artistic value of his poetry and how great the meaning of this poet is not only for Russian romanticism, but also for all Russian literature.

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The founder of Russian romanticism is considered to be V. A. Zhukovsky, who elected the world of the human soul by the main subject of his poetry. "His poems captivating sweetness will take centuries an envious distance ..." - wrote about him A. S. Pushkin. "... spiritualizing Russian poetry by romantic elements, he made it available for society, gave her the possibility of development, and without Zhukovsky we would not have [...] ...
V. A. Zhukovsky has full right to be called the founder of Russian romanticism, since he chose the world of human soul as a key subject of poetry. The poem "Inconsidate" Zhukovsky gave the definition of the originality of his own creativity: the subject of the author's poetry did not mean the image of the phenomena with whom we face, he expressed the fleeting elusive experiences. It is this that is the meaning of the poetry of Zhukovsky, which transfers [...] ...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was born on January 29, 1783. For the first time Zhukovsky spoke in press when he was 14 years old. He very early acquired a wide popularity and literary authority for that time. Romantic poems, fairy tales, ballads, Elegia brought Zhukovsky real fame. Zhukovsky is one of the first Russian romantics. He is considered the father of Russian romanticism. The main motives of his creativity [...] ...
Facts biography. V. A. Zhukovsky - Son of the landowner A. I. Bunin and the Captive Turkish; The last name received from his godfather, poor nobleman living in the house of Bunin. Ambiguous position in the family. Tragic love for Mary Protasova, editing the magazine "Journal of Europe", service in the militia, participation in the work of the Literary Society "Arzamas". Pedagogical activity. Friendship with Pushkin: the role of Zhukovsky [...] ...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is one of the first Russian romantics. He is rightfully considered the father of Russian romanticism. Belinsky wrote about him: "The true merit of Zhukovsky is that he introduced romanticism into Russian poetry." The subject of his works was largely influenced by his own worldship, position in society. Since he was an illegitimate son of the Bunin landowner, he [...] ...
Zhukovsky made an elegy one of the main genres of Russian romanticism. Elegy - a lyrical genre that came from antique poetry (with Greek. - Complaint or sad song). His distinctive feature is the transfer of a variety of shades of feelings and experiences of a person, first of all - sadness. The romance was soulfully close to an Elegy hero - a lonely contemplator of nature, indulging in philosophical thought on the "eternal" [...] ...
V. A. Zhukovsky is rightly recognized by one of the founders of Russian romanticism. His first works written in the elegance genre for him were very warmly accepted by the readership. It was the first step towards admitting the poet with a mother of romanticism. In this direction, as sentimentalism, attention to sensitivity, found its continuation in Zhukovsky's poetry. Before the beginning […]...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was born on January 29, 1783 in the village of Misheska Belevsky County of the Tula province. His father was Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin, and Mother - Captive Turkish Salha. The child was considered illegitimate. At that time, the child born out of marriage, and also from the courtyard, could not become a nobleman. Natives wanted to ensure the future of the child and get to [...] ...
V. A. Zhukovsky entered our literature as the founder of Russian romanticism, which opened new ways to develop poetry. The main subject of his poetry he chose the world of the human soul. According to Belinsky's figurative expression, Zhukovsky gave the Russian poetry "soul and heart." With these words, he emphasized the meaning of Zhukovsky as the nap of Russian psychological lyrics. The "soul and heart" of the poet is invariably present in those [...] ...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is a Russian poet, academician, translator. Early years was born Vasily Zhukovsky on January 29, 1783 in the village of Mishensky Tula province. He was an illegitimate son of the landowner A. I. Bunin. He received a new surname after the adoption of the godfather - the poor Belarusian nobleman Andrei Grigorievich Zhukovsky. Education and creativity First education in the biography of Zhukovsky was obtained in the family [...] ...
Romanticism, as a literary direction, is characterized by dissatisfaction with the present, modern reality. This dissatisfaction creates dreams of what should be about welcome. But this is desirable, what I would like to see in my life seemed to be romantic writers in different ways. Therefore, in romanticism, two main flows were separated - conservative and revolutionary. Representatives of revolutionary romanticism asked to the future, full of liberation ideas are associated with [...] ...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was born on January 29, 1783. He is the founder of Russian romanticism. Belinsky said that Zhukovsky gave for Russian poetry "soul and heart." "Soul and Heart" are present in the works, where Zhukovsky speaks of nature. Nature was an integral part in the life of Zhukovsky. Staying alone with her, he found in the nature of the interlocutor, even if silent. Nature's life [...] ...
I a young muse, I came, I met in the subituage side, and inspiration flew out of heaven, uninvited to me. V. A. Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky made a lot for the development of Russian literature. Being an excellent translator, he introduced the Russian audience with ancient, Western European and Eastern poetry. From Zhukovsky begins the history of Russian romanticism - a new direction in the literature of the beginning of the XIX [...] ...
"Inexpressible" (1819). Paphos Elegy - approval of romantic ideals, study of the inner world of man. The poet sees that it is not all possible to express verbally, "the presence of the creator in the creation" is impossible to explain: But what is merged with this glittering beauty - this is so vague, exciting for us, this embled one soul of the finding voice ... Sieu whispering the soul joyful and sorrowful [...] ...
In 1819, in the summer, Vasily Zhukovsky lived in Pavlovsk. In a letter to Anna Zontag, he wrote that "with difficulty returns to his poetry." Nevertheless, it was at that time a poet for several days created in the spirit of romanticism an excellent elegio called "Increasing". The genre of Elegy was not chosen by chance. Sad philosophical narration easily fell on paper. [...] ...
Favorite genres of the works of Zhukovsky - Elegy and Ballad. The original creative gift of the poet was revealed in Elegia "Evening" (1806), published in the journal "Journal of Europe". The inner world of the poet's personality, his psychological appearance, the peculiarity of the experiences of joy and loss and loss of feelings of joy and loss reflected in Pei. Elegy marked the formation of romantic biographer as a special way to recreate the lyrical "I" of the author or imaginary [...] ...
"Evening" (1803). Elegy belongs to the works of romanticism. G. A. Gukovsky writes that Elegy reminds "A musical verbal flow that swings on the waves of sounds and emotions." The poem has a psychological subtext: even evening ... the clouds were fascinated by the edges, the last ray of dawn dies on the towers; The latter in the river is a shiny jet with an extinct sky fading. In these lines, on the one hand, [...] ...
The worldview, artistic discoveries and outstanding representatives of romanticism Romanticism - direction in art and literature arising at the end of the 18th century in Germany and spread over Europe and America. Signs of romanticism: - underlined attention to the human person, personality, the inner world of man. - An image of an exceptional nature in exceptional circumstances, a strong, rebar personality, irreconcilable with [...] ...
"Song" (1811). The poem is written after the refusal of Ekaterina Afanasyevna Protasova Zhukovsky in marriage with her daughter because of close kinship. The main tone of the work is melancholic. The lyrical hero is alone, but his beloved he wishes happiness and dreams only that she keeps friendly feelings: Live, eat innocent life sweetness; In the soul, do not change; Decent happiness be. [...] ...
A peculiar romanticism of Zhukovsky was especially bright in his ballads, which he began to write since 1808. With the exception of Svetlana and Golden Harp, they all represent a free translation or processing of ballads of Western European poets: Schiller ("Polycrats", "Cup", "Glove", "Graph Habsburg"), Goethe ("Forest King" ) And other poets. Zhukovsky translated only that it was known to his views [...] ...
His teacher in the poetry Zhukovsky considered Karamzin, the head of Russian sentimentalism. The essence of Romantic Zhukovsky is very accurately characterized by Belinsky, said that he became a "singer of heart in the morning." By nature, Zhukovsky was not a wrestler, his "complaint" was never overwhelmed into an open protest. He went away from the present in the past, idealized him, thought about him with sadness: about a cute guest, [...] ...
The poem "MTSI" was created in the late period of creativity M. Yu. Lermontov, in 1839. Researchers consider it one of the last samples of romantic poetry century. The features of romanticism we find in the plot of works, title, composition, form of presentation The main part of the poem is a monologue of the main character. , Images and motifs. One of the features of romantic works - exotic. The name of the poem is unusual [...] ...
The veryest sources of Russian romanticism stood one of the brightest writers of the beginning of the 19th century - Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. He is a peculiar "literary Columbus of Russia" who opened "America of Romanticism", as Belinsky called him. Nature itself took care of creating a poet of the "Russian Echo" poet for Western European romanticism. But he not only wrote the wonderful, dictated by the free inspiration of the work, but also lived [...] ...
The short poem "The arrival of spring" was created by Zhukovsky in 1831. His first publication took place much later - about forty years. The miniature printed a Russian archive historical-literary log. The work is a free translation of the poem "LOB DES FR? Hlings ", belonging to Peru of the German poet, a prominent representative of the" Swabian school "Romanticism of Ludwig Uland. In Russia, he enjoyed the greatest popularity in the nineteenth [...] ...
The portrait of Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is hanging in the Tretyakov Gallery, written in 1816 by his famous contemporary with Kiprensky Oest. All in this portrait is subordinate to the disclosure of the inner appearance of the poet-romance: his pensive, self-running look, his heated wind hair, the tower of a medieval castle on the background of a rainy, cloudy sky, finally, the general gloomy flavor of painting. This is the Zhukovsky time of its greatest popularity, Zhukovsky [...] ...
Translated by ancient epic works like "Mahabharata", "Shakhnama", "Odyssey" and "Ilida", the poet studied the moral origins of the "hostel", the roots of being, the nature of a person who detects himself in childhood of human race. For Zhukovsky Homer - "Baby, who saw in a dream, all that is wonderful on earth and heavens, and the stuffing call about this, childish voice on his breasts - Nature. [...] ...
His poems captivating sweetness will take centuries an envious distance ... A. S. Pushkin at the turn of the XVIII and XIX centuries V. A. Zhukovsky formulated his humanist life principle, which never changed: "Every day - a good cause, thoughts or feeling." Another famous saying of Zhukovsky should also be added to this: "Poet's business is glory." More than half a century, the poet served [...] ...
V. A. Zhukovsky - Poet, the founder of Russian romanticism, who approved in the national literature the genres of Elegy and ballads, translator, who deserved the fame of the "Literary Colomba Rus"; (V. G. Belinsky). With his teacher in Russian poetry, he considered Karamzin and at the beginning of his creative path was under the strong influence of sentimentalism, participating in the literary controversy, which unfolded at the beginning of the XIX century, on the side [...] ...
V. A. Zhukovsky is considered to be one of the brightest Russian poets-sentimentalists who developed this literary method in lyrics to majestic scales and ensuring a smooth and legitarious transition to romanticism. The early poems of the poet are imbued with sentimental sentiments, in the later the theme and images are characteristic of romanticism. Together with the themes, the problematics and the general mood of the poems of Zhukovsky evolved [...] ...
In the story, Alexander Green's tales, "Scarlet Sails" clearly browsing the sharp separation of people into two worlds. This is the world of dreamers of Assol and the world of ordinary people, her surrounding. Assol has lost her mother early, and her father began to make money on the life and selling toys. The world of toys in which the associate lived naturally formed her character. And in life she had to face [...] ...
Ryleev and Zhukovsky are representatives of one era and one literary direction. They lived and worked at the beginning of the nineteenth century, during the heyday of romanticism, when the ideal is opposed to reality, but cannot be implemented. Understanding Zhukovsky and Ryleev roles of literature can be characterized by the quote of the Charter of the Union of Benencies: "The power and beauty of the poem in the continuous presentation of the senses of higher and to [...] ...
His poems captivating sweetness across the centuries enviously, - wrote about the poetry of Zhukovsky Pushkin. What is this "captivating sweetness"? The key for the lyrics of Zhukovsky-Romance is the concept of "sincereness". What would the poet write, everything in his verses acquired a soft lyrical sound. These are his love poems in which the image of a beloved or reflection over love relations is inseparable [...] ...
How in poem V. A. Zhukovsky "Sea" solved the problem of romantic dvoemirine? Reflecting on the question elected in the task, note that for V. A. Zhukovsky, the key elegic motive of the work is associated with the "DOWEMITION" system. Show that this motive is most steadily implemented in the system of subjective landscape, so the romantic antithesis "here" and "there" is created in the poem. Explain that with the concept [...] ...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is rightfully considered the "literary Columbus of Russia", which opened her "America of romanticism in poetry." At the beginning of the XIX century, romanticism in Russia was a new direction that came to us from Western European literature. Romanticism brought with them new topics, images, moods, motifs, artistic techniques of images. Moreover, it can be said that romanticism identified a new one - romantic - [...] ...
V. A. Zhukovsky - the first Russian poet Romantic, a person who has played an outstanding role in the formation of the romantic direction in Russian literature. At the time of his literary apprenticeship, Zhukovsky experienced a great influence of Karamzin, was a fan of Western European sentimental and pre-grantic poetry of Jung and Gray. The lyrical hero of the poem of Zhukovsky "May Morning" (1797) concludes that life is "the abyss of tears and suffering," and happiness [...] ...
The founder of Russian romanticism is considered to be V. A. Zhukovsky, who elected the world of the human soul by the main subject of his poetry. "... spiritualizing Russian poetry by romantic elements, he made it available to society, gave her the opportunity to development, and without Zhukovsky we would not have Pushkin," V. G. Belinsky recognized, who considered Zhukovsky first poet in Russia, whose poetry "came out of [...] ...
His poems captivating sweetness will take centuries envious Dal. And, not, they will breathe about the glory of the clock, the silent sadness will comfort and the joy will think. A. S. Pushkin Vasilia Andreevich Zhukovsky on the right belongs to the first place in the admissal period of development of Russian literature. Among the contemporaries-poets, he stood out by the strength and beauty of his artistic dating, innovative endeavors, scale of creativity and literary [...] ...
With V. A. Zhukovsky, it is impossible to submit Russian romantic poetry. It was Zhukovsky forced the word naturally transmit the most subtle experiences of a person. In addition, he transformed some poetic genres: first of all, a message and an elegge. The only topic and the main content of the lyrics of Zhukovsky - the soul of man, his poetry is devoted to reflections about her. In his lyrics, he creates a generalizing [...] ...
Written at the beginning of the XIX century, namely in 1821, comedy Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov "Mount from Wit" absorbed all the features of the literary process of that time. It is interesting to analyze the formal and informative features of the comedy from the point of view of the art method. Literature, like all social phenomena, is subject to specific historical development, so the situation of parallel existence is developing at the turn of the centuries [...] ...
To understand what feelings and thoughts were waiting for the poetry of Zhukovsky, we compare the two of his elegances. Elegy "Evening" is still close to Sentimentalism. Peace of nature, delving in evening silence, is desirable for the poet. In the middle part of the elegance, when the luna's brilliance, the poet remembers the friends of "Holy Circle", "Songs of Flames and Muses and Freedom." In the night, the poet feels his loneliness: "devoid of satellites, Vosha [...] ...