Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases. What and how to feed fruit trees

It is important to realize that top dressing of fruit trees and bushesin the spring - an important event on the way to getting a plentiful harvest. At the beginning of the growing season, any culture in or in the garden requires a supply of nutrients, without which it is impossible to fully develop and have good fruiting.

What shrubs and trees need in spring

Most in the spring, fruit trees and bushes need nitrogen. It plays a key role in their growth, in the development of a powerful root system, the formation of new leaves, flowers and fruits. Nitrogen-containing top dressing can increase productivity and significantly improve fruit quality.

In addition to nitrogen in spring, garden plants need such chemical elements as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur, boron, cobalt, copper, manganese. There are two ways to feed shrubs and fruit trees:

Spring complex mineral fertilizers - are a product of the chemical industry and are developed taking into account the needs of specific types of crops in a certain period.
Organic Feeding - are the result of natural processes of nature (bird droppings or cow dung, compost).

Organic dressing is part of nature

The first spring top dressing of garden crops

Experts advise the first time to feed fruit trees and shrubs at the very beginning of spring. You should not wait until all the snow has melted, but the ground should thaw a little. To feed during this period, use nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea). Sprinkle them around each trunk in the snow, which during melting will deliver nitrogen and other important chemical elements to the root system of fruit trees with bushes.

During such feeding, it is important not to overdo it, since an excess of nitrogen will harm the culture. Having received an extra portion of this element, the tree will develop its crown and root system so actively that it leaves very little energy for setting and good fruit development. How to calculate the amount of fertilizing? Very simple - use about 40 g per young tree, about 100 g per adult tree

Do not overdo it with nitrogen-containing top dressing.

If you are a fan of organic dressing, wait until the earth is completely thawed. Prepare a nutrient solution by adding 300 g of urea, 1.5 liters of litter or 4 liters of manure to a bucket of water. For reference: on one tree, spend 3-4 liters of fertilizing.

The second feeding of fruit trees and shrubs

During flowering and leaf formation, bushes and fruit trees especially need potassium and phosphorus. Potassium is necessary for the formation of new shoots, increase the level of sugar in fruits, as well as for the resistance of crops to diseases and adverse external factors. Phosphorus strengthens the root system of bushes and trees.

Experienced gardeners say that it is better not to purchase mineral fertilizers containing both substances at once, but it is better to introduce them separately into the soil. First, phosphoric, called "superphosphate", - 60 g per adult tree. A little later, potash (potassium salt, kalimagnesia, potassium sulfate, ash) - 20 g per tree.

The third and fourth spring fertilizer of garden plants

It is very important to feed the berry bushes and fruit trees in the spring after flowering for the full development of the fruits. Organic is best suited for this period. Of organic fertilizers, compost was especially fond of gardeners. They are watered the root zone of flowering garden plants, previously diluted with water.

During the development of the set fruit, it is advisable to feed garden crops with organic matter again (mullein, compost, vermicompost). If this is not possible, then purchase a special mineral mixture, with a slight predominance in the composition of nitrogen. Fertilizer is either embedded in the ground or mixed with mulch.

During flowering and ovary formation, fruit trees and shrubs need potassium and phosphorus

Useful tips for feeding berry bushes and fruit trees

In the feeding of garden plants in the spring, there are some features that every gardener must know:
Water acts as a carrier of chemicals from top dressing to the roots of a tree or bush, so after applying dry fertilizer, thorough watering is needed.
Liquid top dressing should not be applied to dry ground so that no burns remain on the roots.
Garden crops do not need to be fertilized during the first year after planting.
Fertilizer is best done in the evening.

Every experienced gardener realizes how important is the top dressing of fruit trees and shrubs in the spring. Without it, the chances of getting a plentiful harvest are negligible. If you give the plant everything that it needs, it will certainly thank you with an abundance of delicious fruits.

Timely dressing of trees is extremely important for their proper growth, friendly flowering and abundant fruiting. You can fertilize the garden in the spring, after the snow melts, and if necessary, repeat the introduction of nutrients in the summer and in the fall.

When top dressing is required

Fertilizing in the garden should be depending on the type of soil and varieties of trees and shrubs. However, several general principles can be distinguished. The most important thing for trees in spring is active growth, which can be provided by fertilizers with a high nitrogen content, for example, manure. However, in no case should you use fresh. Overripe manure or compost should be brought into the trunk circles for digging.

Other sources of nitrogen can be mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate or urea. Three to four weeks after nitrogen fertilizing, fertilizers with a high potassium content can be applied to the soil. It should be borne in mind that the introduction of additional nutrients into the soil is not so important for young trees and shrubs as for fruit-bearing ones. Although both of them will be grateful for additional food after a particularly cold winter.

Feeding methods

Feeding trees can occur in different ways: you can fertilize the earth, providing root nutrition, and you can make micronutrient fertilizers through the crown. The second method is often combined with treatment against pests. The first use of fertilizers occurs when laying the garden. Humus (either compost or rotted manure), superphosphate, ash, mineral compounds are introduced into the pit for the seedling. In the first year after such top dressing, you can not make additional fertilizers.

In the second year of growth, as well as before fruiting, you can feed the tree with manure. The settled manure diluted in water is one of the best fertilizers for the orchard. Usually it is not recommended to use fresh manure for top dressing - it is preferable to scatter it in the garden in the autumn for digging, and then in the winter it manages to decompose enough so that its beneficial substances pass into the soil in a form convenient for the plants to absorb. However, for liquid top dressing, it is quite possible to apply fresh manure. To do this, it is dissolved in water, in a ratio of one to five, and left for a week under a tight lid. This fertilizer should be applied after watering the trees. This top dressing can be repeated in the summer, but no later than in the second half of July.

Video “Overview of the most popular tree feeds”

Video review of the most popular top dressings for, as well as useful tips for using them.

Through the roots

This is the traditional way to apply any fertilizers, both mineral and organic (manure, peat, compost). This method is based on the natural life cycle of any plant. The main rule of root dressing of the garden is that in rainy weather fertilizers are used in a dry form, and in a dry tree you first need to water it well and only then feed it.

Under the apple trees in spring, you can make (about 4 kg per tree), or bird droppings diluted in a ratio of 1 to 15. By choosing mineral fertilizers, you can fill the lack of nitrogen in the soil with ammonium nitrate - 30 grams per square meter. A little later, the apple trees will need potassium, which can be obtained from - 10-20 grams per square meter.

For pear growth, it is good to apply organic fertilizer every two to three years, depending on the condition of the soil. The pear menu in spring is similar to the apple tree - 4 kilograms of rotted manure or compost and one hundred grams of superphosphate must be repaired in the soil. Stone fruit (cherry, plum) is properly fed with organic fertilizers every two to three years, with autumn digging. In spring, a nutrient solution with nitrogen-containing compounds can be prepared for them.

Through the crown

This method of fertilizing can be compared with an ambulance. Foliar top dressing may be relevant in case you need to urgently make up for the lack of nutrients. Conduct foliar dressing should be after flowering. They can be repeated several times - a week after flowering, a month after the first time, and in the summer, but no later than three weeks before harvesting - this way all nutrients are absorbed, but will not be in excess.

It is necessary to apply fertilizer for foliar top dressing in dry, but cloudy and cool weather, to do it correctly in the morning or evening hours, thus it is possible to guarantee the absence of burns on the leaves. For apple trees, you can use a urea solution (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) - spray both leaves and branches and trunk. You can also spray the trees with an ash solution, which is a good source of calcium, phosphorus and potassium. To prepare top dressing, you need to insist a glass of ash in 2 liters of hot water, then dilute the suspension in 10 liters of water. You can use liquid manure for foliar feeding - dilute half a liter in a bucket of water, then strain.

A pear is a more delicate tree than an apple tree. It can also be fed with urea, but it will be correct to reduce the concentration - 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water. Kostochkovy need a little more nitrogen fertilizers for optimal growth. Therefore, the concentration of urea for foliar dressing should be higher - 3-3.5 tablespoons per ten liters of water. Also, for the growth of any fruit trees and berry shrubs, micronutrients are needed. To do this, you can use a solution of complex mineral fertilizers.

How to understand that a plant is missing something

If the tree does not grow well, is covered with small leaves, the fruits do not set or ripen, then it is time to fertilize. By the appearance of plants, it is sometimes possible to determine which particular elements in the diet he lacks.

Pale green, yellowish or white leaves give out a lack of nitrogen, especially on sandy soils. If the plant does not grow well, flowering is delayed - you need to make manure or compost. With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves can take on a dark green, bluish or purple hue. After detecting such a problem, superphosphate, nitroammophoska, or phosphate rock must be used. When the plant lacks potassium, the leaves frown, curl, the flowers show off, even from young trees. This problem can be solved using potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. Well-fed trees will create a well-groomed garden that will delight both in winter and summer.

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Often gardeners mistakenly believe that the best time to feed fruit trees and shrubs is spring, because the plants were exhausted during the long winter and require a large amount of nutrients. In fact, this is not so. In order to survive a long cold winter, our garden needs no less strength. Autumn top dressing is much more effective than spring, because plants depleted by fruiting are in dire need of nutrients. In addition, fertilizers increase the resistance of trees to diseases and provide a high yield in the next season.

When to fertilize trees and shrubs in autumn

Autumn top dressing of trees begins in August and lasts until the end of September / beginning of October. It is during this period that the fruiting of shrubs and fruit trees ends, which allows you to start work on preparing the garden for winter.

Than fertilize

It is possible to enrich the soil with nutrients using both mineral and organic fertilizers. Which one to prefer, depends on the composition of the soil and the desired results.

Mineral fertilizers

It increases the immunity of plants to diseases and pests, improves the quality of the soil, saturating it with mineral compounds. Ash is an effective fertilizer for fruit trees and shrubs, as it increases the acidity of the soil, which positively affects its bearing.

Autumn soil fertilizer with ash should be carried out no more than once every three years. To make ash, you should dig a ditch 10 centimeters deep around the roots of fruit trees and shrubs, pour 100 g of ash there and fill the recess with soil.

Used for loosening the soil. In no case should you use wood waste in its pure form to feed plants. This impoverishes the soil and binds some of its beneficial elements.

To turn sawdust into fertilizer, you need to make them overreact. In vivo, this process can take up to ten years. Therefore, based on sawdust, by composting them, it is possible to prepare a nitrogen-rich organic fertilizer.

For this, sawdust is piled up in a hole or pile, weeds, ash, and water are added to them. Compost can also be prepared using cow dung and. Ready fertilizer should look like peat.

Sawdust also produces excellent mulch for fruit trees and shrubs. This cover is able to protect the root from freezing, and the plant from death. A layer of sawdust laid in autumn around the root protects it from the cold without disturbing air circulation. Another plus of mulching with sawdust is that weeds do not sprout through them.

Complex feeding

Complex fertilizers include top dressing, which includes two or more batteries. The advantages of these top dressings are that their rich composition almost completely satisfies the plant's need for nutrients at all stages of the growing season.

These fertilizers can be double or triple, as well as complex (a single chemical compound contains several elements), mixed, which consist of a mixture of simple fertilizers, and complex, in which several chemical elements are part of different chemical compounds.

The most common complex feeding:

nitroammophosk;
ammophos.

Features and norms of feeding

Among the huge variety of fertilizers for feeding fruit trees and shrubs, not all are suitable. By feeding, gardeners have certain goals - to increase productivity, extend the fruiting period and increase resistance to diseases and pests.

Fruit trees

Each type of fruit crop requires compliance with certain rules of top dressing, which is introduced into the soil of the trunk circle to a depth of about two centimeters.

Peaches.For feeding, a mixture of potassium salt and superphosphate in a ratio of 1: 2 is used.

Did you know? Soil in French vineyards is considered precious, workers mustscrape it off the boot to bring it back.

Pears and apple trees.For feeding, a mixture of (200 g) and 300 g of magnesium and superphosphate is used. Manure is necessarily added to the mixture of mineral fertilizers.

Plums, apricots and cherries. These trees best receive nutrients from aqueous solutions, which are prepared by dissolving 3 tablespoons of superphosphate and 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water. In order to fully provide the plant with nutrients for the winter, four buckets of mortar are needed for each tree.

Berry bushes

For many shrubs, you can take the same fertilizer composition, consisting of 4-5 kg \u200b\u200bof compost, 10-15 g of potassium sulfate and 20-30 g of superphosphate (based on one adult bush). This mixture should be made in a mature form, after it has settled for two weeks.

Black currant. Top dressing is applied under the bushes shallow and dug up by 8-10 cm.

Raspberry. The mixture is applied with tape under the bushes and covered with sand.

Gooseberry. In the case of this shrub, compost should be replaced with ammonium nitrate (10-15 g), since gooseberries do not tolerate acidic and waterlogged soils. The mixture is scattered in the basal zone and hoeing the earth no deeper than 8 centimeters.

Strawberry

The introduction of phosphorus and potassium will help to significantly improve the yield of this crop in the next season, a mixture of which can simply be poured between rows. It is being prepared based on: 30 g of phosphorus and 15 g of potassium should be added per 1 square meter.

From organic top dressing for fertilizing strawberries, you can use slurry prepared from 1 liter of manure and 8 liters of water. After a short infusion, the slurry is ready for use.

Video: how to use organic fertilizers in the garden Autumn feeding of the garden is a responsible event that takes time and some knowledge. Despite the fact that fruits and berries are already harvested, it is in the autumn that the time comes to take care of the next season. Take this responsibly - and the plants will thank you with high yields.

How to feed fruit trees: reviews

When top dressing, the tree will not tie more color and more fruit until maturity.

But when watering in August-September, provided that there are a lot of apples and heat without rain, the harvest is much larger, because then the tree does not drop the crop.

We again had a mega-dry summer, in August-September I poured SS from a hose under a tree at night 2 times a week, my grandfather-neighbor did not poured. His SS dropped everything at the end of August (but maybe because of the codling moth, and not just because of the heat, his grandfather is lazy and doesn’t spray it), he didn’t dump me at all.

I tell you - there is no worse thing than to see crumbled (the land is not visible due to apples) from the gouging Northern Sinap at the end of August. Then in the 20th day (September !!!) (!!!) I look - my grandfather walks around a tree and with a puller on a stick he picks up the few remaining apples. I burst out laughing. A typical example is that plant a fool the best Russian apple variety (my grandfather deceased planted SS in the 92nd both to himself and to his neighbor-gouging) - a fool \u003d will not be able to get a lazy crop.

I confess: for the first time in 25 years this year, I took pity on the North Sinap and took out a few wheelbarrows of rabbit manure under it and dug up - anyway, the tree will walk, since this autumn there were no leaves visible because of apples.

By the way, with regards to watering: I pledged to continue watering young trees: Ligol last year gave a growth of 1-1.5 meters from watering and ... And not a single apple on all three trees.

Common man

http://forum.vinograd.info/showpost.php?p\u003d1380477&postcount\u003d66

in the fall fertilize with potash fertilizers (nitrogen at a minimum). According to nautsі - it was necessary in seniatbre. But now it’s not too late. I've also overslept the correct dates, I will have fun this weekend.

Yulia_novy

https://www.stroimdom.com.ua/forum/showpost.php?p\u003d2484603&postcount\u003d5

If fertilizers were applied during planting, then it is sufficient to apply phosphate and potassium fertilizers in the fall, this must be done before loosening the soil. For one square meter, you need to pour 2-3 matchsticks, or one matchbox of phosphate per square meter. In spring, it is best to fertilize with urea. 1/3 of the matchbox in April, before loosening the soil, the same amount in May during the period, the same in May, before the trees bloom, in order to improve the number of knotted fruit and 1/3 the matchbox in June during the period of active flowering.

http://agro-forum.net/threads/1329/#post-6115

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