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Wrong stress in words. Poems for memorizing stress in words

Why do people mispronounce words

As soon as we hear from our lips “your phone is ringing”, “put in place”, “that dress is beautiful”, then we ask ourselves: why do people say wrong? After all, everyone once went to school, put stress in words and pronounced them with a drawn out pronunciation with the correct stress.

The thing is that in Russian there is no single rule for stressing words, unlike, for example, Spanish, where only two pronunciation rules are distinguished.

New words with the wrong accent come to us from different regions. So, for example, in the southern dialect of the Russian language there are the following pronunciations: meansA, understood, raised.

Also, our neighbors from Belarus and Ukraine have a huge influence on the language. The languages ​​are close enough that they often mix. This is especially noticeable in areas that border each other. As a result, new variants of the pronunciation of words are born in our speech.

As soon as we hear the warped sound of a word, we begin to doubt ourselves: "Do I pronounce the words correctly?" In order not to mislead ourselves, we have selected the 30 most tricky words with incorrect pronunciation. It is in them that we most often make mistakes.

Borrowed words in Russian

In speech, we use a large number of loan words. Meanwhile, each language has certain pronunciation rules that need to be taken into account.

French words

A large number of words in our language have been borrowed from France. They are so embedded in Russian speech that sometimes we take them for native words.

But they do not lose their roots and are also intertwined with family ties. The French language has its own specific rules for the pronunciation of a word. In most cases, the stress falls on the last syllable.

  • dispensary;
  • apostrophe;
  • PARTNER;
  • blinds.

Despite the fact that in most cases the stress falls on the last syllable, the language has words of exception:

  • CRIMES;
  • phenomenon.

English words

Our speech is constantly enriched with English words. The most traceable trend in this language is stress at the beginning of a word. And the examples collected below will help you make sure of this:

  • marketing;
  • barmen (bar).

In English, as in any other, there are exception rules:

  • pull over;
  • login (login).

German words

Words from Germany have come into Russian speech for many years. In many compound words, borrowed from other languages ​​and formed from two or more roots. Therefore, each language unit has its own stress.

  • quarter. Comes from the German word qartal, and it comes from the Latin quartus;
  • shoe. Borrowed from German tyffel;
  • kitchen. In German, this word was borrowed from Latin;
  • scarves. Derived from the German scharpe.

Related words

In Russian, there is a movable stress. Therefore, it is simply impossible to check the pronunciation of a word according to one rule. It is important to remember a few simple rules here:

  1. In the words beets and the newborn vowel "Yo" is always stressed.
  2. To spoil, call, make it easier - in these words the main thing to remember is that in verbs the stress never falls on the first syllable. Also, in words belonging to the group of verbs with the ending in -it, the stress falls on the last syllable.
  3. Wholesale, torti, exhaust - these words with fixed stress, in all norms of the word, the stress will fall on the same consonant.
  4. Bochkovoe (bochka), kuhonny (kuhnya) - pronounced with the same stress as in the noun.
  5. Sorrel, mastery, belt - the pronunciation of these words must be remembered.
  6. DANCER - according to the rules of the noun suffix after the consonant "C" is written under the stress "O".
  7. SLAVE - in a word, the stress always falls on the first syllable. This is indicated in all orthoepic dictionaries of the Russian language.
  8. Funds. The word is in the singular, the stress falls on the first syllable.

The person remembers images better.

Write the words on sticky notes, bold the stressed vowel, and post them all over your home so you don't forget.

Draw in your mind not the words, but the object itself. For example, the word "barmen". Imagine that you have come to a bar, and the bartender's name is not written on the badge, but the very word bartender with a bold letter "A".

Rhymes

Write rhymes for words in which you are confused with pronunciation:

  • calls - excuse, knock, approve;
  • cakes - still lifes, disheveled, erased;
  • creams - chrysanthemums, schemes.

There are many interesting poems on the Internet about the correct stress of a word. Learn memorized rhymes - this will help you not to make mistakes in pronunciation:

Flew away from the fire

And went out quickly

If it is wrong, then a spark

If it is true - Spark!

Make friends with reference books

Go to the library, buy an orthoepic reference book in a bookstore, look at electronic reference books as soon as a controversial issue arises.

So, remember:

dispensary

beet

apostrophe

newborn

PARTNER

pamper

blinds

calls

CREAMS

To task number 4 "Orthoepic norms"

Rules for placing stress in nouns.

1. Words of foreign language origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress, which they had in the source language. In English, stress most often has stress on the first syllable, and in French, on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and French like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, party, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, the stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In compound words with the second part -the wire with the general meaning "a device for transporting any substance or energy", the stress falls on the root -water- :
petrol line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric conduit, electric actuator.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialOg, katalOg, monolOg, necrolOg.

5.In verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess - creed
PROVIDE - SUPPORT.

6. In some nouns, the stress is fixed and remains at the root in all cases:
AIRPORTS - AIRPORTS
bant - bant - with bant
book-alter - book-alter
X - X - X - X
krAn - krAny
lecturer - lecturers - lecturers
cake - with cake - cakes - cakes
scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.

7. In a noun baloven the stress falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the stress on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered.

Rules for setting stress in adjectives.
1. In some adjectives, the stress is the same as in the original nouns from which they are derived:
LAYER - LAYER
kitchen - kitchen
sorrel - sorrel.


2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussion and in short form:
beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful
inconceivable - inconceivable - inconceivable - inconceivable - inconceivable.


3. In some frequent adjectives with a movable stress, it falls on the root in its full form - in the singular and plural; and also in short - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the stress goes to the ending:
RIGHT - RIGHT - RIGHT - RIGHT - RIGHT
STRONG - STRONG - STRONG - STRONG - STRONG.

4. If the stress in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sick, strong - stronger, slender - slender.
If the stress in the feminine gender is on the basis, then in a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful is more beautiful, sad is more sad.

Rules for setting stress in verbs.

1. Stress in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
hum - hum, hum
hide - hid, hid.

2. In the other group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine past tense goes to the ending:
brAt - brAl, took, brAlo, brAli
to lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, rushed in, took in, recreated, drove, drove, got, got, waited, waited, borrowed, locked, locked, called, called, called, lil, poured, started, lied, doused, hugged, overtook, tore offA, departed, gaveA, recalled, recalled, overflowed, called out, poured, understoodA, arrivedA, tore, took off, createdA, rippedA, removedA.

3. For verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in the form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall at the end, but remains based on:
krAla, krAla, hid, sent, sent, sent away.
The exception is verbs with shock attachment VY-, which always drags the stress:
lila - vylila, krala - vykrala.

4.In verbs ending in -IT, when conjugated, the stress falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -IT, -AT / -YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over
call - call, call, call, call, call
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated in the same way:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess, call, ease, encourage, cheer up, lend, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in -IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
poll - poll
freshen up - freshen up.

6. In verbs, derived from adjectives, the stress most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to sharpen, light - to lighten, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb to anger, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7.In reflexive verbs the stress in the past tense often goes to an ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
Beginning - Beginning, Beginning, Beginning, Beginning
Accepted - Accepted, Accepted, Accepted, Accepted.

Rules for setting stress in participles.

1.In valid past participles with suffix -VSh- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that is in the word before this suffix:
live lice ui, pour lice oh, look lice uh.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the accent falls on the prefix:
curved, curved, curved.

3. In short feminine passive past participles the stress falls on the ending:
busy, locked, inhabited, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created by A.

4. If the accent in full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in a short form it is preserved only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it goes to the ending:
on - on, onA, onO, on
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
The participles change in the same way:
endowed, reduced, encouraged, disconnected, repeated, divided, tamed.

5. In full participles with a suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -O- and -WELL- in the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T th, prick - KOLO T oh, to bend - to fire T oh, wrap it up - wrap it up T th.

Rules for setting stress in gerunds.

1. The gerunds are often stressed on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
ASK - ASKING, FILLING - FILLING, TAKING - TAKING, START - BEGINNING, RAISE - RAISE, TAKE - ATTEMPT, CREATE - CREATE.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that stands in front of these suffixes in the word:
the beginning in, give in, raising in, arrivals in, beginning lice smiling.

Rules for setting stress in adverbs.

1. On the console BEFORE- stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dry.
BUT: WHITE, DONELZA.
2. On the console PER- the stress falls in the words:
Dawn, dusk, dawn.
BUT: to envy is envious.

Each person at least once in his life got into an awkward situation when he incorrectly put the emphasis in a word, the pronunciation of which until that time had no doubts. Yes, the wrong accent in the word hurts the ear, but almost everyone is mistaken here. Even educated, well-read people are not immune from this. Stress is a tricky topic in linguistics. In the Russian language, its significance is very great, since it is a means of distinguishing between words.

Concept and use

Stress is a bright highlight of one of the syllables in a word or phrase with different phonetic components (you can strengthen the voice, raise the tone in combination with intensity, volume). It is necessary to develop the skills to correctly set the verbal background - after all, this is a mandatory requirement for every speaker.

Stress is necessary for correct and competent speech. Any word consists of one or more syllables. When there are more than 2 in a word, they are pronounced with different intensity and volume. One of them will stand out - this is called a verbal accent. Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese accented syllables are emphasized using pitch. In ancient languages ​​- Greek or Latin - the struck syllable is distinguished by the duration of the vowel sound. A dynamic, or power, blow is also distinguished, when the accented syllable is emphasized with greater force. This type is, for example, Russian, English, French.

How to put stress correctly?

Unlike French or Polish, in Russian the accent is free - it is not assigned to a definite syllable. Consider the following examples:

  • light (stress on the first syllable);
  • brighten (emphasis on the 2nd syllable);
  • firefly (the last syllable must be highlighted).

Correct stress is a goal that every self-respecting person should strive for. But the task is complicated by the fact that the accent can fall on different parts of the word (that is, it is mobile):

  • sign (by suffix);
  • signature (prefix);
  • sign (root).

The norms of stress for most words in the Russian language are contained in the orthoepic dictionary. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the problem words and remember their pronunciation.

Why is this question relevant?

The whole problem is that the stress in the word is free in nature. In some languages, it is fixed, that is, it always falls on the same syllable. For example: in French it is constant in the last syllable, in Polish - in the penultimate syllable, in Czech - in the first. But in Russian there is no such pattern. Therefore, it is important to remember that stress is one of the most important signs of a person's literacy. Since there are no clear rules for this topic, most words just need to be memorized.

What syllable is most often accentuated?

However, some patterns can still be identified. According to experts, the stress most often falls in the middle of the word, and also gravitates towards the second half:

  • Stavropol, but the Stavropol Territory;
  • scramble but climb out.

Rules and patterns - how to remember everything?

Some rules will help you put stress correctly. Linguists note 28 "special" roots of verbs (namely the roots - there are many more verbs). Together with prefixes, they form a number of verbs, in which in the past tense in the feminine gender, the accent goes to inflection (ending). But this only applies to the feminine gender! In other forms, the stress remains at the root.

We present you the following verbs that you need to remember (you can immediately write them down in a notebook): take, pick up, type, pick up, wait, sleep. What stress should be put in this case? Remember: you took, took away, handed over, slept, waited. But he took, waited, slept, passed on.

You can often come across the wrong options: took, drove, waited, missed. By analogy with other forms, native speakers often forget to place stress on inflection. But for literate speech, such a pronunciation is unacceptable. Try to avoid such mistakes.

Modern dictionaries

Here are stress dictionaries that can help you improve your speech:

  1. Shtudiner M.A. Dictionary of the Difficulties of the Russian Language for Media Employees, Moscow - 2016;
  2. For a wide range of readers. Esakova N.A. Dictionary of the complexities of the Russian language. Stress. Grammatical forms, Moscow - 2014

Feel free to check the dictionaries as often as possible. After all, often people from childhood get used to speaking incorrectly and for this reason do not doubt the correctness of their pronunciation. But what if memorization is difficult? Well, this process can be made more fun.

There are funny and interesting rhymes - memos. They are designed to memorize the correct stress in words, where you can often make a mistake. Try to learn them - and you will remember once and for all where the stress falls in problem words. And with a little imagination, you can come up with several original quatrains yourself.

Here are some good memos:

  1. Sweet Martha has all striped scarves!
  2. Baba Thekla is in the garden, she has beets in her garden.
  3. Don't bring us curtains, we bought blinds.
  4. Often ate cakes - shorts did not fit.
  5. Barman posted on his blog, a new full directory.
  6. Our painter paints the walls, the table makes the shelves.

The golden rule for memorization

How to come up with a good memory rhyme? Find the right rhyme for the word, that is, a word that you have no doubt about the correct stress. Don't put the word in the middle of the line! In order for the stress to be remembered, the rhyme must fall on this particular word. This method will help you easily and quickly memorize the stress in words - and you definitely will not lose your face in front of your interlocutor.

To task number 4 "Orthoepic norms"

Rules for placing stress in nouns.

1. Words of foreign language origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress, which they had in the source language. In English, stress most often has stress on the first syllable, and in French, on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and French like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, party, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, the stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In compound words with the second part -the wire with the general meaning "a device for transporting any substance or energy", the stress falls on the root -water- :
petrol line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric conduit, electric actuator.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialOg, katalOg, monolOg, necrolOg.

5.In verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess - creed
PROVIDE - SUPPORT.

6. In some nouns, the stress is fixed and remains at the root in all cases:
AIRPORTS - AIRPORTS
bant - bant - with bant
book-alter - book-alter
X - X - X - X
krAn - krAny
lecturer - lecturers - lecturers
cake - with cake - cakes - cakes
scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.

7. In a noun baloven the stress falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the stress on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered.

Rules for setting stress in adjectives.
1. In some adjectives, the stress is the same as in the original nouns from which they are derived:
LAYER - LAYER
kitchen - kitchen
sorrel - sorrel.


2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussion and in short form:
beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful
inconceivable - inconceivable - inconceivable - inconceivable - inconceivable.


3. In some frequent adjectives with a movable stress, it falls on the root in its full form - in the singular and plural; and also in short - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the stress goes to the ending:
RIGHT - RIGHT - RIGHT - RIGHT - RIGHT
STRONG - STRONG - STRONG - STRONG - STRONG.

4. If the stress in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sick, strong - stronger, slender - slender.
If the stress in the feminine gender is on the basis, then in a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful is more beautiful, sad is more sad.

Rules for setting stress in verbs.

1. Stress in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
hum - hum, hum
hide - hid, hid.

2. In the other group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine past tense goes to the ending:
brAt - brAl, took, brAlo, brAli
to lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, rushed in, took in, recreated, drove, drove, got, got, waited, waited, borrowed, locked, locked, called, called, called, lil, poured, started, lied, doused, hugged, overtook, tore offA, departed, gaveA, recalled, recalled, overflowed, called out, poured, understoodA, arrivedA, tore, took off, createdA, rippedA, removedA.

3. For verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in the form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall at the end, but remains based on:
krAla, krAla, hid, sent, sent, sent away.
The exception is verbs with shock attachment VY-, which always drags the stress:
lila - vylila, krala - vykrala.

4.In verbs ending in -IT, when conjugated, the stress falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -IT, -AT / -YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over
call - call, call, call, call, call
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated in the same way:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess, call, ease, encourage, cheer up, lend, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in -IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
poll - poll
freshen up - freshen up.

6. In verbs, derived from adjectives, the stress most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to sharpen, light - to lighten, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb to anger, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7.In reflexive verbs the stress in the past tense often goes to an ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
Beginning - Beginning, Beginning, Beginning, Beginning
Accepted - Accepted, Accepted, Accepted, Accepted.

Rules for setting stress in participles.

1.In valid past participles with suffix -VSh- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that is in the word before this suffix:
live lice ui, pour lice oh, look lice uh.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the accent falls on the prefix:
curved, curved, curved.

3. In short feminine passive past participles the stress falls on the ending:
busy, locked, inhabited, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created by A.

4. If the accent in full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in a short form it is preserved only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it goes to the ending:
on - on, onA, onO, on
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
The participles change in the same way:
endowed, reduced, encouraged, disconnected, repeated, divided, tamed.

5. In full participles with a suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -O- and -WELL- in the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T th, prick - KOLO T oh, to bend - to fire T oh, wrap it up - wrap it up T th.

Rules for setting stress in gerunds.

1. The gerunds are often stressed on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
ASK - ASKING, FILLING - FILLING, TAKING - TAKING, START - BEGINNING, RAISE - RAISE, TAKE - ATTEMPT, CREATE - CREATE.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that stands in front of these suffixes in the word:
the beginning in, give in, raising in, arrivals in, beginning lice smiling.

Rules for setting stress in adverbs.

1. On the console BEFORE- stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dry.
BUT: WHITE, DONELZA.
2. On the console PER- the stress falls in the words:
Dawn, dusk, dawn.
BUT: to envy is envious.

How to put stress in words correctly? This question, one way or another, is asked at least sometimes by each of us. What words we use, how correctly we pronounce the stress - all this determines the literacy of our speech. And competent speech is a matter of honor for any self-respecting person.

We will talk about what it is and whether there are any rules for stating stress in the Russian language.

A bit of theory

Each word has its own stressed syllable, which is pronounced with slightly more force than all the others. This is stress.

It is noteworthy that in Japanese, the emphasis on the syllable is done with the help of pitch, in Latin - the duration of the vowel sound, and Russian, French, English use striking force.

But there are no clear rules as to where to put stress in a word, because in Russian it is free.

Here is what V. Pakhomov, editor-in-chief of the site "Gramota.ru", says about this:

Rules and exceptions to the rules

But there are still rules, with numerous exceptions, regarding how the emphasis is placed. They are used for different parts of speech, and for each of them they are different.

For verbs

For nouns

  • if a word came to us from a foreign language, this does not mean that it will retain its accentuated pronunciation: for example, it changed in the word notebook, not notebook, and remained as it is in the words blinds, bouillon, champignon, etc .;
  • in nouns that contain the word “meter”, it is precisely this word that is emphasized: kilometer, millimeter;
  • the root "log" in words is shock; an exception is analogue and words that denote an occupation, for example, paleontOlog;
  • in nouns with the word “wire” in the meaning “to transport” the emphasis is on “water”: water pipeline, oil pipeline; Exception - electric wire, electric drive;
  • verbal nouns retain the accent: provide - provide.

For adjectives

  • some adjectives are consonant with the nouns from which they originated: word - word;
  • in some cases, in a short and comparative form, the emphasis is on the ending: slender - slender - slender;
  • if in the initial form the stressed middle of the word, then in the comparative form it does not change: beauty is more beautiful.

For participles

  • words with emphasis on the ending: removedA, locked, busyA;
  • participles with the first stressed syllable: young from the verb to grind, curled from the verb to drive.

For adverbs

For gerunds

  • stressed verb syllables are preserved: raise - raise, return - return.

Features of stressing in Russian

In some words, stressed syllables change over time due to linguistic changes. If earlier they said varIt, katIt, darIt, today such pronunciation hurts the ear. We put the stress in the words correctly and say VARIT, KATIT, DARIT.

The word calls belongs to the same category, with the correct pronunciation of which there is a lot of confusion. It is likely that over time we will begin to speak rings, although today such a pronunciation is considered incorrect, but in colloquial speech it is allowed.

In order for any version of the stress in the word to become acceptable, it must be used by the majority of educated people.

And where to put the stress in the word means? Do you know?

In the words "means" and "means", be it means of production, finance or mass media, the shock is always E. This rule is without exception.

It should be noted that in some words, free stress performs a sense-distinguishing function. For example, conduct - conduct, Feedback - feedback.

It can also be mobile if it changes when the form of the word changes, for example, canine, canine, canine.

And it happens to be motionless when it does not depend on it, for example, to seal, to seal.

There are words in Russian for which different pronunciation is permissible:

What to do and how to remember

What can you do when there are no uniform rules, and you do not want to repeat the wrong words with deeply rooted mistakes?

There is an exit:


Well, now let's try to pass the test - put the stress in the words correctly:

Happened? Excellent!

Conclusion

Let's work on our speech. Let your native language sound free and beautiful!

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