Oil paints for walls. Oil paint for walls: characteristics, features, installation rules

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Recently, oil paint has begun to be presented as something harmful, dangerous and inapplicable for use in residential premises. Indeed, this paint is made using volatile solvents. However, if you take an interest in the volume of oil paint for walls, it becomes clear that demand for it has not fallen. Of course, painting the walls in the bedroom with oil paint is not worth it, but there are many other surfaces on which such a coating is quite acceptable and even irreplaceable.

What does oil paint for walls consist of?

In general, there are many options for the composition of oil paint, but we will consider the most common composition in relation to construction.

Technology

Wall Texture Methods
Today, trends in home decoration gravitate towards an eclectic style like never before

We choose paint for finishing works wisely: tips from a professional + Video
Today we can note a huge selection of paints and varnishes from world famous manufacturers

Decorative painting of walls by a method of stippling
Stippling is a decorative painting technique with which you can give a freshly painted surface an elegant aged look

What paint to choose for painting the ceiling?
Painting the ceiling is the most simple and affordable method of finishing this surface. The installation of such a ceiling is most often carried out by the consumer on their own, so the benefit when using it is double

Decorative painting techniques - skin surface
If you like the textured look of the skin and always wanted a leather-covered room, you can imitate the leather surface on the wall with paint

Features of the manufacture and use of oil paints
The use by people of protective coatings for wooden or iron structures and products has been going on for more than one millennium

Currently, repair work of any complexity is carried out easily thanks to the professionalism of builders, innovative technologies and a wide variety of finishing materials. Paintwork also plays an important role in achieving repair efficiency. Their range consists of various types of paints.

Features

Oil paints are paints and varnishes that are made in the form of suspensions with vegetable fillers. Depending on the type, they are used in painting, for painting wooden and metal surfaces.

The main components of paints are pigments and binders. The first give the paint a specific shade. They usually change the characteristics of the obtained suspensions, for example, they can slow down or accelerate hardening, reduce corrosion wear, and increase the service life.

There are several types of pigments:

color (chromatic);
black and white (achromatic);
organic
inorganic.

Oil paints are made with pigments on both an organic and inorganic basis. Pigments are made from mineral flour, which is not soluble. As a binder, drying oil is used. Coloring compositions settle on the bottom of the can, so before starting work, you need to shake the can thoroughly.

The second main component of the paint is the filler, which is used to save pigment. These include kaolin, talc, mica. To improve performance, for example, for accelerated drying, drier is added to the paint. It is a cobalt, manganese, lead salt, capable of dissolving in olif. Surfactants are used to facilitate pigment dispersion.

Drying oil is the main component of natural paints. In recent years, their cheap synthetic substitutes have increasingly been used. Due to the ability of slow evaporation of oils, drying the painted surface will take quite a long time. Only with the addition of driers is an accelerated drying process possible.

The following types of drying oils are used for the production of oil paints:

In the composition of natural drying oil, the content of vegetable oil reaches 97%. Linseed, sunflower, soy, hemp base is used as the oil, the remaining 3% is the catalyst of the process.
Oksol contains a little more than half of the composition of natural oils, 40% - white spirit as a solvent, desiccant accounts for 5% of the composition. Unlike natural drying oil, the price of oxols is much lower, but due to the solvent content it prevents ozonation.
In combined drying oils, the same composition as in oxols, only in other percentages. The solvent accounts for up to 30% of the entire mixture, 70% - vegetable oil.
Alkyd drying oils are alkyd resins mixed with natural oil, a catalyst and a solvent.
The composition of synthetic drying oils includes refined products and other industrial wastes.

Sometimes, if necessary, bring the composition to the necessary density. The following diluents are used for oil paints:

turpentine - an essential oil with a complex chemical composition, which is obtained by processing the resin of conifers and resin.
white spirit is a residual refinery product.

Since all diluents are active chemicals, they must be used with caution. They are added gradually, in small portions, since the high content of diluent destroys the bond between the pigment and drying oil.

Specifications

For the right choice of paint and varnish material, you need to know the most important characteristics of oil paint:

The content of film-forming substances. The best option is more than 26% of the total volume. For the durability of the paint, you need to know the percentage of these components. The higher it is, the longer the life of the coating will be.
The content of volatile components in the composition of the paintwork material usually lies within 10%, since they are toxic and harmful to human health. At an ambient temperature of more than 20 ° C, they evaporate and give off a specific smell. Therefore, after painting the surface, it is recommended to ventilate the room.
The degree of milling of the component paint. This indicator must be below 90 to obtain a smooth surface, and with large values, the likelihood of surface roughness is high.

The viscosity of high-quality paint is in the range of 65 - 140 points. It depends on the fluidity, as well as the pour time of the coating. A good oil paint dries in about 48 hours.
The hardness of the film is especially taken into account when processing external walls. With an increase in the degree of hardness, the service life of the paint increases and the effect of external factors on it decreases.
Absolute hydrophobicity is important for the separation of the external walls, and for internal, the indicator ranges from 0.5 - 1 unit.

Pros and cons

Advantages of oil paints:

a possibility of application for internal and external walls;
fit well on an untreated wall, as well as on top of other paints;
resistant to frequent washing;
low consumption due to a high degree of concealment;
low cost in comparison with other types of paint;
good adhesion ability;
reliable surface protection.

Disadvantages:

due to the content of toxic components in the composition, a severe allergic reaction may appear in a person;
pungent odor;
dry for a long time (sometimes up to several days);
the painted surface is gradually peeling and cracking due to the lack of ability of the paint material to breathe;
when the paint is stored for a long time, it undergoes some changes: it acquires a rubbery or gelatinous appearance, the mass hardens. Such paint becomes unusable.

Despite significant drawbacks, oil paints are produced in large quantities. GOSTs strictly control the quality of these materials for decoration, designating each type of paint with various combinations of letters and numbers.

Types and scope

Currently, two types of oil paints are available: paste-like, or thick-grated and liquid, and ready to use. The first get in the mixer and grinding on a special grater. Obtaining a second type involves mixing the composition in ball mills or diluting the paste-like paints with a natural drying oil.

The scope of alkyd materials depends on the pigment and drying oil used. They are applied to the surface of wood, metal, concrete, plastic, bitumen plaster. Often used for finishing as a primer. They paint pipelines and batteries.

Paint is often used to protect against high humidity due to their water impermeability, which does not have enameled and tempera coatings. But this advantage of oil paints interrupts a serious drawback: during operation, the paint peels off and disappears.

When staining, it is necessary to consider:

When processing window frames, door frames, walls and glass are usually dirty. Removing stains with an oil base will not be easy, so you must protect parts in advance that should not get dirty. Walls can be made with plywood, cardboard, tin sheets, and glass can be glued with paper.

If you still get dirty glass, you can prepare a mixture of crushed chalk and an aqueous solution of washing soda. The mixture should be in the form of a paste. It is necessary to apply the consistency to the glass and leave it in this form. The paint will become softer and can be removed using fabric or paper material. To remove dried paint from the wall, it is necessary to attach aluminum foil and iron it with an iron. Then with a spatula you can remove soft paint.
You can use a drill to mix paint to prevent contamination of clothing. To do this, you need to make a hole on the lid of the can, stick the rod and fasten the reverse side into the drill. It remains only to turn on the device and mix the contents of the can for 60 seconds.

To remove paint from the body, you need to use a special solvent, but if it is not at hand, you can try to cleanse the skin with vegetable or animal fat. Also, laundry detergent will do a good job of this.
After painting windows and doors, they must not be closed until the paint has completely dried, but if there is a need, it is necessary to lay a foil between the leaves.
It is better to paint metal walls with a spray gun - this way the surface will look more neat.

Colors

Staining a certain color depends on inorganic pigments - achromatic, giving black and white, and chromatic, giving colored shades.

Achromatic pigments make it possible to obtain:

zinc white, which are widespread and cheap, give white color;
titanium oxide also gives a white tint;
lipoton - zinc sulfide mixed with barium sulfate gives a shade of white;
carbon black (soot) and graphite give dark pigments;
zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze powders give bronze, silver (metallic), matte shade.

The most common chromatic pigments:

yellow - iron hydroxide;
iron oxide - red;
red litharge - lead oxide;
brown - chromium oxide;
green is cobalt.

All information about the paint is written on the label, which indicates the main purpose, the necessary diluents, color palette, average consumption per square meter, features and duration of drying, as well as the conditions of painting.

It often happens that it is very difficult to choose an identical shade of paint from one manufacturer. Therefore, it is recommended that when buying several cans of paint and varnish material of the same color, make sure that they are all issued by one enterprise, of the same brand and with the same party number. Only in this case can the desired result be obtained.

How to choose?

Oil paints are often used for exterior decorating. They have a high level of resistance to adverse weather conditions: frost, temperature extremes, sunlight. Paint protects the painted surface.

The composition can be used for interior use, but not for painting floors due to its low resistance to mechanical damage.

Before starting outdoor work, it is first necessary to prepare the surface, for which solvents are actively used. They bring the consistency of the composition to the necessary consistency. The most famous solvents are gasoline, turpentine. Processing with antiseptics and a primer will allow the coating to lie in an even layer without subsequent peeling and peeling.

Paints protect against increased moisture, prevent mold and mildew, spoilage by pests. A high-quality choice of paint and varnish material will allow you to get a stable surface to the effects of ultraviolet rays, a bright fresh shade for a long time. Coating usually lasts at least 5 years.

Oil paints for exterior decoration on the modern market are represented by a small variety of color shades. To get a certain color, you have to mix several types of paints. Such a composition does not meet environmental requirements due to the pungent chemical smell.

The interior decoration should be approached responsibly both when choosing design solutions, and when choosing an oil coating.

For interior decoration of the house using materials with organic solvents. The most commonly used solvents are gasoline, white spirit and kerosene. When working with them, safety precautions should be followed, and a respirator should be used during the painting process. Over the course of several days, the solvent gradually evaporates, so there is a sharp unpleasant odor inside the room. It is necessary to ventilate the room until there is no odor, as various toxic harmful impurities are in the air at this time.

The main disadvantages of oil paints are the loss of the original color with the acquisition of a yellowish tint and high fire hazard.

If it is necessary to paint the wooden surface, and on the label of the can it says that the paint can kill wood pests, you should refuse to purchase it. Due to the content of pest control additives, toxic gases are released into the atmosphere.

If the label says “resistance to dry abrasion” - this means that the surface can be rubbed with a dry cloth. And “washable, resistant to intensive washing” indicates that the surface can be washed with a damp cloth.

If the paint contains vegetable oil, then this means that it meets the requirements of environmental friendliness. Typically, the label indicates its percentage.

Natural paints differ from environmentally friendly paints and paints on a natural basis. They are made from harmless natural ingredients - silicone, methyl cellulose, natural wax, shellac, casein and xanthen. The resulting shade depends on the mineral, land, plant and animal pigments.

For floors, high-strength paints should be chosen, for furniture - not prone to yellowing, for doors, window frames - standard.

Compositions with natural ingredients are much more expensive than paints of synthetic origin, but they have a long service life and safety for health.

Consumption

When finishing surfaces with oil paints, the average consumption is from 100 to 150 grams per 1 m2. The amount of material used depends on the structure and surface roughness. For example, wood absorbs liquid well, including paintwork, so 2 layers of paint are applied to a wooden surface. Also, depending on the degree of preparation of the wall for painting (primer, sanding), the consumption of material depends.

Manufacturers

Manufacturers such as Finnish comply with all European quality standards. Tikkurilacanadian Forester, German Dufa and several others. They produce products suitable for harsh climates. In doing so, they have gained a good reputation. Large-scale enterprises produce materials for all types of work, with a wide range of colors, tools for preparing the surface for painting.

Manufacturers, along with high-quality products, offer an expensive price for it. Paying attention to less well-known European brands, you can save a lot on paint. These manufacturers include Estonian Vivacolorspanish Isaval, German Reesa. They try not to concede to their not-so-cheap counterparts, but they can be attributed to the advantage of a low probability of acquiring a fake.

Manufacturers in Russia have just begun to establish the production of high-quality paints and varnishes. Among the most successful manufacturers can be identified Lacrux, Tex, Kotovsky paint and varnish factory, Stroykompleks and Olivvestu. They are trying increasingly to update and improve the quality of products.

Tikkurila - the number one brand in Russia for the production of paints and varnishes. In the production laboratory for the development of new products, employees create new recipes with unique textures and improved properties of the products. The manufacturer offers more than 20 thousand shades.

Another well-known manufacturer of paints and varnishes - Lacra founded in 1996. He specializes in paints, varnishes, water-based paints and PVA. In addition, the manufacturer produces and sells primers, parquet varnishes, enamels. The entire range of products complies with quality standards and is manufactured on modern equipment using European technologies.

In Russia, manufacturers of paints and varnishes make up a large branch of the country's chemical industry. They produce more than 2000 types of paints and varnishes, while these volumes are increasing every year. The expansion of production capacities of the market of paints and varnishes per year is from 20 to 40%. This is due to the import and increase in output by Russian branches of foreign companies. Domestic manufacturers are in the leading positions in the development of various types of paints and varnishes.

A wide range of Russian paint and varnish enterprises are:

paints;
enamel
fire retardant paints;
putties;
primers;
organic silicate components;
quick-drying varnishes;
solvents;
paints for facades.

Due to the expansion of the range of paints and varnishes due to fierce competition, requirements for the protection of labor, health and nature, the output of water-borne and powder materials has been growing recently.

See how to quickly remove old oil paint from the wall.

Having decided painting walls in your apartment, you may wonder what kind of wall paint is considered the best. Nowadays, a huge assortment of all kinds of products for repair is offered, so you can get confused very easily and choose the wrong option.

To calculate the paint consumption, you can use the paint consumption calculator.

There are differences in the paints for walls, ceilings or floors, they differ in their properties. For example, wall paints should not be taken after drying on clothes. It is good if cleaning can be done just with a damp cloth, and some paints will have to be wiped off with a soap brush. Therefore, pay attention before buying what kind of surface this paint is for. In our case, there should be a note “Paint for walls”. If you want to facilitate your work and buy universal paint, then think that its parameters will be worse than that of specially designed paint.

Types and types of paint for walls.

Paints are divided by their composition into:

Silicone paints for walls are made on the basis of silicone resins. In the world of paint and varnish products, this is a novelty that has many advantages. The most important plus is their ability to pass water vapor. Silicone paint is often used for external work, as it has the peculiarity of forming a surface that repels water.

Alkyd enamels for walls are paints, the main component of which is alkyd resin. This paint dries quickly due to oxidation when interacting with air. After drying, a durable film is formed on the surface that transmits steam. It is good to use alkyd enamel to protect metal surfaces from destruction. It is not recommended to use this type of paint in rooms, as it has an unpleasant smell for a long time even after drying.

The main component of oil paints for walls is drying oil (oil). Oil paints are known for their strength and durability. They can be used both for internal painting and for external painting on various surfaces. The main disadvantage is that the oil paint dries for a very long time. The paint does not leak moisture, as a result of which there may be peeling of the substrate. Due to the specifically sharp unpleasant odor, oil paints are practically not used for painting walls indoors.

The most economical paints today are water-dispersion paints. They are also called water-soluble or, in other words, water-emulsion. This paint dries very quickly due to the presence of water instead of a solvent, as well as practically no smell. The properties of the paint depend on the polymers used in the composition, which serve as a binder. The cheapest option is water-dispersion paint based on PVA glue. This type is suitable for painting in dry rooms of ceilings. Acrylic or latex based paints will also be inexpensive. All water-based paints can only be used in dry rooms. Such paints are distinguished by their practicality - dirt is easily removed from the painted surface without being absorbed into the paint structure. Water-soluble paints are breathable, that is, vapor-permeable.

The basis for acrylic paints for walls are acrylic resins. After drying, they form a strong solid film, due to the binding properties of the resin. The paint is quick-drying, has no unpleasant odor, is resistant to abrasion, and is suitable for painting surfaces in wet rooms. If moisture constantly gets on the painted surface, then both the surface under the paint and the paint itself will quickly deteriorate. Some stores have acrylic wall paints that are resistant to grease. Acrylic colors are characterized by bright colors. Among the varieties of flowers, you can easily find what you need. Also, paints are not difficult to mix in colors, getting a new shade. Can be tinted on computerized tinting systems. Acrylic paints give the surface a pleasant matte finish.

Water-soluble wall paints can also include latex paints. Their main advantage is excellent abrasion resistance. To obtain a silky and matte surface, latex paint must be applied with an even thin layer. Most often, latex paints are used when painting wallpaper, textured plaster. When dried, latex paint perfectly preserves the surface texture, forming a thin film. There are latex paints according to the degree of surface gloss.

Among paints and varnishes, decorative paints have recently appeared. Therefore, their properties and features should be considered separately. Using decorative paint, you can easily get different design effects, imitate any surface. You can give the walls the appearance of stone, velvet, silver or gold, or even imitate silk. There are even paints on sale that change the color of the surface at different lighting angles.

To receive decorative paint for walls an aqueous base is used with the addition of minerals and polymers, depending on the desired properties. Decorative paint is the best option for painting walls in residential premises. In addition to decorative qualities, this paint is environmentally friendly. The painted surface will become resistant to abrasion, the dust practically does not settle.

To obtain the intended design effect of decorative paints, you can use different painting tools and techniques. To create the necessary pattern and texture, use different sized brushes, rollers, metal and plastic spatulas and much more. In the place where you will get decorative paint, you can ask for all the necessary information about obtaining decorative effects. Specialized hypermarkets and decorative paint stores usually provide sample effects with specific paints.

Ecological paints for walls.

In connection with the increased interest in the ecology of the home (and ecology in general), the so-called "green colors" have come. Special environmental paints do not emit harmful fumes when working with them.

Such environmentally friendly paint excludes the addition of harmful substances such as zinc, mercury, lead, chlorinated phenols, cadmium compounds, as well as other chemicals hazardous to human life. Ecological paints can be safely used in children's for painting walls in the children's room. For people with allergies, such a paint would be the best option. You can determine the ecological paint for the walls by the signs of the manufacturer. Each manufacturer has its own mark.

The choice of paint for walls should be approached carefully, thinking through the details.

Among many varieties of paints, there is also oil paint for the walls. Thanks to it, the surface will be beautiful and protected from external factors. Unfortunately, with the growth of technological progress and the creation of new types of paints, they began to forget it. Not only is it called obsolete, it is also criticized for being toxic enough. Nowadays, water-based paints, enamel, acrylic or latex are considered more popular.

In this article we will take a closer look at the features of oil paint, its characteristics and the principle of application to the surface.

Composition and features of oil paints

The name itself speaks of the main component that goes into this paint. The oil contained inside was previously completely natural and natural. But, these days it is an expensive pleasure, therefore, the composition of oil paint includes combined and synthetic drying oil, paired with alkyd resin. Drying oils themselves contain a suspension of fillers and pigments, representing finely ground inorganic powder of various oxides, mineral rocks and additives, as well as salts.

To dilute the paint and give it the desired consistency, use the following volatile organic solvents:

Turpentine.
Simple white spirit.
Xylene.
Acetone.
Toluene.

Note! When drying oil, whether synthetic or natural, reacts with air, the substance begins to solidify as a result of oxidative polymerization. A film appears on the surface, after which the composition hardens. This effect is the main principle of the oil-based paint as a protective and decorative layer.

Due to the presence of pigments in the oil paint, you can get the desired shade or dye the raw materials in a variety of colors. Pigments can be organic and inorganic. But for oil products, organic pigments are practically not used.

As for the mineral substances (pigments) that make up the composition, they are divided into two groups:

Achromatic substances are used to produce gray, black and white. Such substances are white lead, titanium and zinc, black, lithopone, aluminum or bronze powder, soot or carbon. As a result, black, gray or white oil paint.
Chromatic substances are used to form rainbow colors and hiking colors. The composition is colorful and pleasing to the eye. Used pigments: salts of chromium and cobalt, iron metahydroxide, litharge, cadmium salts, iron minium.

Since this is a suspension of oil-insoluble particles, the mixture is thoroughly mixed before painting the wall or other surface with oil paint. The thing is that the particles of pigment and filler over time settle on the bottom. When you do not mix the oil paint, the top layer will not be as saturated as the bottom, where the main part of the pigments has gathered. At the bottom, the composition will be thick and bright in color. If you cover the surface with such paint, then it will look uneven. In one place there will be a bright shade, and in another it will be dull. This is not the result that any developer needs.

Ways to apply oil paint

To paint any surface, you do not need to have some kind of supernatural tool. For work, the standard set used by each painter will do:

If you work with a brush, then immediately tune in to the fact that the consumption of material will be the largest. However, the brush penetrates into most of the cracks and indentations, carefully painting the wall with paint. This is especially useful for those who process a loose, porous complex or corrugated surface. It will take maximum time to complete the work.

If you want to reduce costs, as well as speed up the entire process of applying paint to the wall, use a roller. Thanks to the bath to it, you can control the amount of mixture applied to the wall. And the work will go much faster.

In the event that you want to speed up the process as much as possible and minimize material consumption, use a spray gun. With it, any home will turn into a beautiful home in just a few hours. This is a professional equipment that will need to be rented. Not everyone can afford to buy such an aggregate.

Note! Since you will have to pay for the rental, paint spray guns are chosen only when you have to paint a large area, not one room, but several, or even the whole house. Then the costs will pay off.

Apply oil paint to a previously prepared surface. Almost any finishing material requires such preparation and cleaning. If you had old finishing material on the wall, such as wallpaper or another type of paint, then all this will have to be removed. The only exceptions are walls covered with oil paint. Just make sure it sticks well to the wall.

Scope of use of oil paints

This type of paint is suitable for almost all surfaces. It can handle metal structures, brick, concrete or stone walls. Well and, naturally, the plastered wall will be an ideal covering. It is recommended to use the paintwork outside, as they are toxic. If you need to paint the walls inside the building, then use a different type of paint or apply it in a limited amount.

In addition to the fact that the compounds are quite toxic, allergens and carcinogens, they have another undesirable property. For residential premises it is very important. What is it about? About vapor permeability. Oil paint does not have it. Walls coated with oil paint do not breathe. It will not work to create a favorable microclimate in the room, since the composition does not support natural humidity.

Note! Use oil paints inside rationally in the case when the ability to pass steam is not needed. For example, it can be bathrooms, cellars, open balconies, kitchens, etc.

It is not recommended to use paint for decorating a bedroom, living room, children's, glazed loggia. If you did it before, since there was no other option as such, nowadays you can buy compounds that do not have toxins and are environmentally friendly. And this is not even about smell, since there are materials without it. The solvent remains inside the coating, which enters inside. This can lead to poisoning.

Advice! To work with oil paint inside you need to be especially careful, using glasses, a respirator and protective clothing. In addition, all doors and windows are important to leave open for clean air.

Now the material is especially often used for processing ferrous metal. For example, sports equipment, gas and water pipes, parts of the city’s infrastructure. And also it is used for wood processing: benches, arbors, windows, doors, window sills.

Pros and cons

No matter how much the consumers argue, the balance is more inclined toward product disadvantages than to advantages. And here we are talking not only about the real shortcomings of the material, but the whole point in marketing policy. We will not consider it, but say one thing: each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's consider them in order to draw our conclusions.

So, let's start with the shortcomings of the material:

And what about the benefits of products?

You can compare all the pros and cons of the material to understand if you need this paint or not. And experienced consultants will help you decide which oil paint to choose.

Conclusion

Despite the shortcomings and competition, oil paint on walls and ceilings is increasingly being produced and used. In their field, oil products are quite good and suitable for use. If you properly use the disadvantages of the material, then they can be compensated. And in order to see how you can paint the surface using oil formulations, we suggest you watch the video:

In modern repairs, the use of interior paint for walls and ceilings is common. The compositions that were used before have long been replaced by new ones, now coating the walls with paint is a durable and reliable way to finish. But in order for wall painting to live up to expectations, it is important to choose the right interior paint. It is not enough to choose the color of the coating so that the paint holds and lasts for many years, it is necessary to choose the appropriate type of interior paint, depending on the coating material.

Classification of interior paint

Paint for walls and ceilings is divided into 3 main types. Other options that will be found in a hardware store are derived from these paints.

Oil paint for walls and ceilings. The basis of oil paint is oil of drying oil. The disadvantage of oil paint is its long drying time. In addition, the paint smells strongly, while staining and until completely dry, it is necessary to free the room from people and animals. The advantage of oil paint in its low cost.
Alkyd paint for walls and ceilings. Synthetic resins are part of alkyd paint. Forming a film on the base, this paint is resistant to moisture and ultraviolet rays.
Waterborne paint for walls and ceilings. Aqueous emulsion ink contains water instead of a solvent. Non-toxic, breathable paint, but not resistant to moisture. To eliminate this problem, acrylic is added to the composition of the emulsion.

How to choose interior paint

The choice of interior paint depends on the base to be painted.

To paint wooden surfaces, use oil or alkyd paint. The water contained in the water-based paint will harm the wood. Do not forget about pretreatment of wood, and finish painting with protective varnish.
If the walls of the apartment are prepared for painting by leveling with concrete or plaster - water-based paint is suitable. But the same basis when painting walls in the bathroom or kitchen is better to cover with alkyd paint, it interacts better with water.

The type of paint is unimportant for the ceiling, but for the convenience of painting the ceiling, purchase thixotropic paint (it can be of all kinds). Its feature is density. When stirring, the paint becomes liquid, but as soon as you stop interfering, the solution thickens to the state of sour cream. It is convenient for working with a horizontal surface of the ceiling. But for walls it should not be chosen: ordinary paint spreads itself under the influence of gravity, in contrast to thixotropic, which will have to be carefully distributed.
Working with a metal surface is similar to working with wood. Metal also does not like water, so in this case, oil or alkyd paint is suitable.

Difficulties arise when there is already a coating on the walls and ceiling, and it is impossible to determine its composition. In this case, it remains only to completely get rid of the old paint, and only after that apply a layer of a new one.

How to apply interior paint

Painting walls and ceilings is just the final step. Before you get a brush, you have to perform the main part of the work, prepare the base for staining. There are several key steps:

Removing the old coating if repairs are not the first time.
Alignment of the walls. For large level differences, use cement mortar.
Primer application. The primer has several functions. It enhances the adhesion of materials, and also reduces the amount of paint spent. Without a primer, the first coat of paint is absorbed into the wall without leaving a trace. Match a primer to a pair of paint - an acrylic primer to acrylic paint, for example.

Correct the flaws of the base. Using putty, repair cracks in the walls and ceiling.
If necessary, treat the walls with antifungal and antiseptic solution.
Paint the finished walls and ceiling using the necessary painting technique. Allow each coat to dry before applying a new one.

Painting walls and ceilings with your own hands is not a difficult job, but creative and requires patience. Do not rush, wait for each layer to dry, then the coating will be pleasing to the eye for a long time and look like freshly painted.