Profiled timber with cups: types of cup connection, machine or manual saw. Profiled beams with cups: hand-made or factory-made? House project from profiled logs into a cup

It is easier to install a log house from a profiled bar from a ready-made kit with sawn cups. Cups are cut according to the design of the house or bath. On sale, you can find ready-made kits or order the cutting of bowls from specialists for your project. You can cut out the cups with your own hands, but their design will be simple. For cutting, use a special tool - "cup cutter". The better is a profiled bar with cups from the manufacturer, the design of various types of saws and the peculiarities of making it with your own hands in one article.

By their shape, cups on a bar are distinguished into simple ones that can be made by hand and complex ones with a special labyrinth. Complex ones can be made using a cup cutter, since they have a lock to save heat. The thermal lock makes the connection as tight as possible and the joints of the timber not only look aesthetically pleasing, but also inaccessible to the penetration of wind and cold. According to the shape of the connection of the profiled bar with the cups, the connections are subdivided:

1. In "bastard".
2. Into the "cup".
3. "Dovetail".

The first two compounds with a remainder, the third without. Joining the corners of the house with the remainder has a number of advantages:

1. The corners are warmer.
2. Facade esthetics.

The disadvantages include:

1. Material consumption increases.
2. It is difficult to carry out additional insulation of corner joints.

A bar with sawn-out cups is suitable for joining with the remainder - "in a flash". It is he and the pretexts to consider for our readers.

What are the pros and cons of a warm corner

The connection of the corners of the house made of profiled timber with the remainder is called “warm corner”. It was formed due to the lock connection, which reliably protects the corners from freezing. Cup mix is ​​not always the most effective. Since the profiled material of natural moisture shrinks and dries up, a void appears between the beams, which cannot be additionally drilled. Problems can be avoided by using profiled material of chamber drying or glued. It is important to know a number of features before choosing a flush in a manual or factory cup:

1. Bowls sawn on machines can only have certain dimensions, since the settings are not limitless.
2. The manual way of sawing cannot be ideal, since there is always an error in the work.
3. An experienced craftsman can make bowls as good as any factory-made bowls.
4. When sawing in factories, you still have to adjust the corner joints, since the timber can dry out or, on the contrary, gain moisture.
5. Factory cutting is performed with a margin of 1-1.5 cm; during manual cutting, you can adjust and fold the timber tightly (in tightness).

The main difference between a mechanical saw and a manual saw is in the complexity of the thermal lock. It is almost impossible to complete a complex manually. But the factory one is also not always of high quality and perfect. Drinking cups depends on the quality of the machine and the cup cutter. You can use the cup cutter even on the construction site, since the machines are massive, stationary and small mobile. The shape of the cup, the depth and angle of the cut depend on the choice of the machine and the attachment. A corner cut is necessary for easier corner laying.

How the Cup Cutter Works

Powerful electric milling machines are used for cutting out bowls using the stationary method: Interskom FM-62 / 220E, AEG 2050, Makita 3612C, Felisatti RF62 / 2200VE and others. Plates with cutters for sawing are located in the structure of the machine. The edge of the cutters is sharp and rotated is cut. As the cutters rotate, they receive a lot of load, in order to reduce it, the inserts have a tilt. The plates can be removed and inserted into place, securing with a special screw. Cutters for cutting bowls are mounted on a special frame that is movable and adjusts the length and width of the bowl.

Raising and lowering the cutter makes it possible to drill the required depth. The complexity of the lock depends on the model of the machine and the installed cutter. The mobile milling machine is installed directly on the profiled timber at the place where the bowl was drunk and fixed with teskas. During operation, the frame moves across the beam, which makes it possible to work with a beam of any section. In this case, the groove is obtained with the required dimensions according to the given scheme. The main thing is not only to correctly install the cup saws, but also to calculate the place of the drink. More details on how they work on a cup cutter can be seen in the video:

Where is washed down bowls on a bar

Corner joints in different sections of the timber are performed in different ways. It is necessary to calculate the place of the cup so that the material does not become brittle and does not crack when laying the walls of the house in the corners. The gash can be calculated using the standard formula: H = (B + c): 4 (H is the thickness of the groove of the profiled material, B is the height of the selected bar, c is the height of the existing groove or spike at the profile. For example, take a profiled bar with a simple lock connection of 10 mm, section 200x200 mm. Insert the values ​​into the formula: (200 + 10): 4 = 52.5 mm. This will be the size of the depth of the cut. The cups are cut on a profiled bar with a cup cutter according to the following scheme:

1. The middle of the cut is noted and an incision is made along the borders by 10 - 20 mm.
2. The cutter is lowered onto the sawn grooves and begins to work at the previously calculated depth.

Judging by customer reviews, ready-made factory cups do not always fit in size during assembly and still have to be modified. To simplify the work, you can buy a manual cup cutter. The price of a typewriter starts at 35,000 rubles, but buying a bar without cups can save you money. A manual cup cutter is used right during the assembly of a house or a bath from a profiled bar. The cut can be measured on the spot and adjusted to the desired shape.

In this case, the connection to a warm corner is more tight. If the production of profiled timber is small, then it will be more profitable to purchase such a hand tool. Moreover, work can be performed of the same quality as on a powerful milling machine. Depending on the type of frieze selected, different cup cuts can be made. The number of cutters depends on the brand of the cup cutter and its power. The more fez in the complete set and the higher the power of the equipment, the higher the price of the cup cutter.

Types of cutters and corner joints that they make

From the selected cutter shape, a different corner connection of the profiled bar is obtained:

1. Four-sided bowl. The connection is performed on a profiled bar with one rounded side - a house block or with flat ones. Reminiscent of a four-way corner to stacking residual logs. Used to make a connection with a cylindrical end mill. The sides of the bowl are made according to a template, which is fixed to the material with hems. The cuts are straight at the top and bottom. The beam fits exactly into each other.
2. T-shaped bowl. This angle is called “dovetail”. The cutter has a special shape with a sidecut. Machines on which such cutters are included in the package: Bussivit, Euroblock, Craze, Blook. The bowl is made in two steps, you can see more details in the photo.

Price for drunk cups

The price for cutting bowls in a profiled bursa depends on the complexity of the structure, section and type of timber, and the complexity of the structure of the house. You can buy a profiled bar with cups as a ready-made kit in any large construction company that manufactures the material. In large cities, the price differs little, we calculated the average and present it in the form of a table:

You should not expect that by ordering drinking bowls from a construction company, you can get flawless material. The human factor has not been canceled. The only thing worth overpaying is the complex shape of the bowl for a warmer corner connection.

Our customers, before the final choice of a project or the conclusion of a contract, often ask the question: “Which felling method is better: to a warm corner or into the bowl for a house from a bar? ".

We immediately answer that both ways of cutting corners are windproof from the outside. The quality of the house, its reliability and ability to retain heat, is not affected by the types of felling: a house made of a bar both into a bowl and into a warm corner will equally warm you in winter.

Of course, provided that the felling will be performed by professional carpenters, subject to all the rules for assembling a log house from a bar.

Carpenters from the company "Chukhloma estate" possess the necessary qualities and skill to cut down a house from a bar with locks in a bowl or in a warm corner, as needed. Therefore, we are not faced with the problem of the method of felling a log house - the choice is up to the customer.

The difference in locks in a warm corner and in a bowl lies in the external design and shape of the castle itself, in the price of a log house in a bowl and in a warm corner.

Let's take a look at what a corner into a bowl, a warm corner, is, so that you can decide which of the felling methods to stop and make your choice.

1.Angle in the bowl

The method of cutting corners or "with the removal" is the most expensive method of felling. This is primarily due to the additional expenditure of timber in the construction of a house.

The corners in the bowl are the protrusions of the rows protruding 30-50 cm outside the main contour of the log house, they intersect with each other in the castle unit and continue in the form of outlets.

The making of corners in a bowl has been used since antiquity, when cutting. Carpenters cut grooves in the log with an ax in the form of a semicircle, in the shape of a log, so that the logs of the log house, laying in rows, were fastened together in locks, crossing over.

The shape of the castle in a log with outlets, in the form of a semicircle, reminded the ancient carpenters of the shape of a cup, therefore, this name of the castle in a frame at the corners came into use - "Into the bowl" or "With issues", "With take-offs", "With the remainder".

Locks with outlets in a log frame have nothing to do with the shape of a bowl, because they are made not for a round log, but for a square in section, but traditionally called “in a bowl”.

The lumber "bowl" has a different configuration of the lock at the corners, this is the so-called. "Labyrinth castle"... The labyrinth lock is offset on both sides, which ensures the stability of the frame by these special offsets. The labyrinth lock also provides complete tightness of the timber closing at the corners, which excludes the penetration of air from the outside.

Construction of a house from a bar according to the project into a bowl, washed down the corners into a bowl:

2.Lock of a log house from a bar to a warm corner

The lock of a log house from a bar without outlets is called "To a warm corner"... This method of cutting corners is also called "No residue"... In appearance, it is similar to a castle in a felling from a hand-cut log, because it has no outlets in the crowns outside the walls.

A log house is cheaper because less building material is spent on it.

Making a lock in a warm corner follows the principle "dovetail"... At one end of the bar, a thorn in the form of a half-trapezoid is cut out, and on the other, a groove for a half-trapezoid is cut out. Rows of timber with the sawn ends close tightly in the corners, thanks to the "thorn-groove" system. And this is done on all four sides of the frame, from the first to the last crown.

The "dovetail" for a warm corner is made according to a single template, which is always at hand for carpenters. Such a complex closing at the corners and "stitching" of the timber in the rows ensures the stability and strength of the entire frame.

A well-made warm corner ensures complete closure of the timber in the locks and excludes the blowing of a cold draft from the street.

Carpenters from "Chukhloma Estate" are erecting a house from a bar for two families according to the project, the video recorded how they drill holes for wooden pins, make grooves in the wall "in a swarm" and cut a lock into a warm corner in a bar, making spikes and grooves for closure:

3. Which is better: a warm corner or a bowl?

Both types of locks in a log house are reliable, keep heat well from the inside and do not let the cold outside, thanks to their complex configuration: a “labyrinth lock” in a bowl and a “dovetail” in a warm corner.

A log house in a bowl with outriggers looks more prominent. It looks emphatically stylish, in the tradition of making log cabins, when wooden houses were cut with one more ax.

A blockhouse from a bar into a bowl does not imply additional wall cladding from the outside, because offsets at the corners will interfere with this. The bowls at the corners are a sign that the house is made of wood.

But for corner outlets there is an additional consumption of timber, about one meter for each bar, so a house from a bar to a bowl is more expensive.

No additional building material is spent on a house from a bar in a warm corner for the sake of "beauty", so its production is cheaper.

A log house with a warm corner is even in the corners on all sides, so it can be sheathed from the outside, if necessary.

Thus, which log house suits you best, make your choice: with bowls that decorate the frame, but more expensive, or with a warm corner - it is cheaper and allows wall cladding.

Both the one and the other way of cutting corners is reliable and time-tested, which shows that one is not inferior to the other in terms of quality characteristics.

4.Construction of houses from a bar in a bowl and in a warm corner, examples with photos and videos:

House from a bar in a bowl according to the project

The beginning of the construction of a house from a bar into a bowl according to the project "Patriarch" for shrinkage	Continuation of the construction of a house from a bar into a bowl according to the project "Patriarch"	Erection of gables and a roof on a house from a bar into a bowl according to the project "Patriarch"
Roof installation and completion	Interior finishing after shrinkage next year	Decorating a house from a bar in a turnkey bowl after shrinkage

House from a bar in a warm corner 12.5x12.6 for two families according to the project for two families

House from a bar to a warm corner according to the project

Start of construction of a house from a bar in a warm corner according to the project "Forest Ponds" for shrinkage

Question - "Assembling a bar in a bowl or in a warm corner - which is better?" - arises not only among customers when analyzing projects of wooden houses. Discussions about the optimal scheme for cutting the joints of beams for a log house are also being held among professional builders, while there is no consensus on this matter.

Practice shows that in terms of energy efficiency, both the angle in the bowl and the warm corner are approximately the same. Their design reduces the risk of blowing, therefore, the heat loss of the building at the joints of the walls is reduced. But at the same time, these types of connections have differences in design, which means in the laboriousness of installation. Therefore, you can choose between the two technologies only by analyzing all their pros and cons.

The technology of assembling a bar into a bowl

When installing a log house in a bowl, the edges of the beams (or logs, if cylindrical blanks are used) protrude outward on both sides. The connection itself is made out like this:

• An indent of 30-50 cm is made from the edge of the part.
• At the selected distance, symmetrical grooves (cups) are formed, the dimensions of which allow two transverse beams to fit tightly.
• Sometimes the recesses are made with an offset, forming a labyrinth lock - in this case, the tightness of the connection increases and its mobility decreases.

Bowl advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of houses from a bar into a bowl are an attractive appearance and good thermal performance. The protruding ends of the beams look organic, while the place of contact of the parts is not blown out, and also does not release heat. Another plus is a simple technology: the formation of locking recesses does not take much time, while it does not require high qualifications from the craftsmen. Due to this, the work goes faster.

The connection of the bar to the bowl also has disadvantages:

• Firstly, due to the protrusions, the consumption of material increases, which means that more money will be required to purchase them.
• Secondly, the side ledges make it difficult (or impossible) to insulate the outside of the house. So you have to limit yourself to internal thermal insulation, which is less effective.
• Thirdly, the tightness of the corner chopped into a bowl directly depends on the accuracy of the fit of the parts and the moisture content of the timber. If damp wood was used during construction, then in the process of shrinkage on the locks, cracks can form through which the premises will actively lose heat. The main problem is that all problematic joints are inside the wall, and it is impossible to dig them through without disassembling the frame.

All these shortcomings can be compensated by the professional design of the house with the correct heat engineering calculations, as well as the involvement of qualified builders in the assembly of the log house.

The technology of assembling a log house into a warm corner

Warm corner is a technology that is more difficult to implement, but at the same time more reliable. When assembling a bar using this technique, there are no protruding parts - the ends of the parts are in the same plane with the wall. Log buildings are laid in approximately the same way (assembly of a bar "in a paw").

To form a lock, a groove is cut on one bar (in the form of a rectangle or half a trapezoid), at the end of the second - a symmetrical spike. When assembling the timber, the spike is inserted into the groove and fitted as tightly as possible, which completely excludes blowing. Additional sealing is provided by laying the sealing material. Jute or linen fiber is used for sealing.

Semi-trapezoidal locks ("dovetail") are more reliable - they minimize the horizontal movement of the beams in the log house. Therefore, when forming the corners of wooden houses, they almost completely replaced the simpler rectangular configurations in installation.

Pros and cons of a warm corner

Assembling a bar in a warm corner is today considered as the main option for installing wooden log cabins. There are two reasons - high design versatility and good thermal insulation:

• When assembling the lock (especially the semi-trapezoidal "dovetail"), a labyrinth joint is formed, which is not blown even in strong winds. The configuration of the joint helps to hold the seal, which does not move even with shrinkage and movement of the beams.
• Locking joints securely fix parts, preventing them from moving in the longitudinal plane. This also allows you to compensate for deformations when the wood dries.
• The high strength of the joints eliminates the need for additional mechanical fasteners using metal parts. Thus, zones with high thermal conductivity - “cold bridges” - are not formed at the corners of the building.
• The shape of the log house is also different: the absence of protruding ends facilitates further work on the outer sheathing with heat-insulating materials, followed by decorative finishing.

The main disadvantage of assembling a warm corner is the high labor intensity of installation. Forming the tongue-and-groove locks requires high precision and takes a lot of time. At the same time, it is important to strictly control the quality of the timber, which is taken into operation, otherwise cracks may appear in the bases of the spikes (the narrowest places), greatly reducing the strength of the structure as a whole.

Which option is better when building a log house?

It's impossible to say unequivocally which assembly technology - a warm corner or a bowl - is better. With qualified installation in terms of thermal performance, they will have approximate parity: both options have low thermal conductivity and are not blown out.

Therefore, if the microclimate in the house depends on the choice of the method for assembling the timber, it is not too much.

But there are other aspects as well:

• When installing the bowl, the cost of purchasing the material increases due to the formation of a protruding part on each beam. The increase in cost is not too large, but on a large-scale project it can be noticeable.
• A house or cottage, assembled in a warm corner, is more economical in terms of material. But the construction itself will take longer, and the work will need to involve a more qualified team of builders (with a corresponding difference in wages).
• It is also worth considering whether your own thermal insulation of a log house is enough for you. If the walls are not thick enough to keep the house warm, you should choose a warm corner. So you can install external insulation - either right at the construction stage, or later, if it seems to you that the effectiveness of the insulation is insufficient.

When choosing a method for assembling a log house between a bowl and a warm corner, the appearance of the building must also be taken into account. The version with protruding parts of the beams is closer to the classic log house, while the design with flat joints of the planes looks more modern. But in any case, the final result - both externally, attacks and performance indicators - will depend on the quality of the design and assembly of the structure.

Profiled timber is becoming more and more popular. The configuration of its profile protects the walls from deformation during the shrinkage process and reduces construction time. In order to minimize the influence of the human factor during the assembly process, a ready-made constructor for a quality home is used - a profiled bar with cups.

For designed buildings, cutting cups in a bar is an important stage at which the construction of a castle with a windproof labyrinth is created. There is a one-, two- and four-sided keyway. For the construction of a house, 2 technologies are used: the assembly of a ready-made kit - provides for the factory production of cups and cutting of bowls directly at the construction site of the house.

Factory production

Cups are cut for the production of complete sets of ready-made buildings: houses, baths, gazebos. The set, which is obtained as a result of processing and cutting of a bar strictly according to the developed project, is assembled on site quickly enough.

This is due to the high precision of the woodworking equipment and the developed drawings. After assembly, they get a house with perfectly flat and warm walls that are not blown out and do not need additional finishing.

GOST 30974-2002 provides for a maximum deviation of the size of the milled bar of no more than 1.5 mm in width. It is difficult to obtain such accuracy without the use of automatic equipment. The operation of slicing four cups takes about 1 minute.

Additional cutting - milling - increases the cost of finished products. On average, this is about 2500 rubles. per cubic meter m. Therefore, some owners, trying to save money, plan to cut the cups on the spot.

Cutting bowls during the assembly process at home

The industry offers hand-held mobile cup cutting machines. Such designs can be used in conditions of small production facilities. Chainsaws are also widely used.

It takes 8 ... 10 minutes to cut the bowls. As a result, assembling a house from a profiled bar without pre-cut cups requires several times more time than using ready-made kits.

The quality of the assembled structure depends entirely on the qualifications of the craftsmen. This is exactly the factor that is leveled by the purchase of finished products that do not require significant adjusting operations.

Cups cutting cost

The price of the finished product is influenced by the moisture content of the material and its type (solid wood or glued laminated timber). It is also worth noting that kiln-dried products are more expensive than profiled timber of natural moisture. But dry material has two advantages: fewer cracks and the ability to build home furnishings in one season.

The price for cutting bowls on glued material with a moisture content of less than 15% is 3000… 4000 rubles. per cubic meter m. Data for the array of timber are given in the table.

In conclusion of the article

The use of profiled beams with ready-made cups allows you to speed up construction processes and guarantee a high quality result. But for these advantages, you need to pay an additional price: about 2500 rubles. per cubic meter m. Otherwise - when cutting cups on the spot - the result depends entirely on the qualifications of the builders.