Memory of the mean Oleg

In dramagia

In literature

Panus O. Yu. "Shields on the gates",

To the cinema

Monuments

26.05.0912

Oleg Vechemy
Odda Orvar Rurik

Great Russian Prince, commander

Great Prince Novgorod 879-912

Grand Prince Kiev 882-912

news and events

A peace treaty of Russia with Byzantium

Prince Oleg after a successful military campaign to Constantinople, September 15, 911 concluded an agreement with Byzantium. The chronicle tells how "the idea of \u200b\u200bOleg on the Greeks", taking with him allies - "Many Varyag, and Slane, and Cheer, and Curvichi, and Measure, and Cutting, and Radmichi, and Polyany, and North, and Vntychi, and Croats, And dulebs, and tivers "- and" come to the Tsarugrad ".

Veusive Oleg was born in 850 in the territory of Western Norway. The boy grew up in a rich family of bonds, and named Odda, then received the nickname Orver: "Arrow". His sister Efanda later married the ruler of Varyagov Rurik. Thanks to this, Oleg became his main commander. Arrived with Rurik in Ladoga and an adhesion between 858 and 862 years.

After the death of Rurik in 879, Oleg became the sole prince of Novgorod Russia. Rurik was not mistaken in his choice when Oleg His Son and Novgorod table bequeathed on the mortal app. Oleg became a real father for the prince, raising Igor by a courageous, hardened, formed by those times a person. Oleg took responsibility and to the title of Prince, complained to him by another. The main goal of the rulers of those times was to increase the richness of the princely and expanding the boundaries of the territory subject to them by joining new lands, the subordination of other tribes and the collection of Dani.

Looking at the head of the Novgorod Principality, Oleg boldly began the seizure of all Dnipro lands. His main goal was to establish full control over the water trading way to the eastern Byzantium and the conquest of the Kiev principality. Many princes wished then to manage this big principality, which became by the end of the 9th century, the center of Russian trade and the main stronghold of Russia in containing the raids of the Pecheneck Horde. It became completely clear that the one who ruled Kiev managed all Russian trade.

Prince Oleg collected a great army of Varyagov and in 882 he captured the city of Smolensk and Lyubek. Further on the Dnieper in the Ladyah went down to Kiev, where two boyari reigned, not the Rüric tribe, but Varyagi Askold and Dir. At the campaign took with me and young Prince Igor. Power in Kiev Oleg captured cunning. The prince asked for meetings at the then rulers of Kiev, Askold and Dira, stopping at the walls of the city allegedly along the way to South. When the princes, I suspect nothing, came to the Novgorod ladies, Oleg, as legend says, showed them to Igor and exclaimed: "You are not a princess, not the kind of prince. Here is the son of Rüric! ". After these words killed Askold and Dira. None of the Kiev residents dared to oppose Oleg and his troops. Moreover, many tribes who lived on the shores of the Dnieper voluntarily obeyed the authorities of the Kiev Prince. Pecheneg raids ruined the Slavs, and they were looking for protection from the rulers, agreeing to pay them for this tribute.

Very soon, the Kiev land closed all the southern borders of the country. But Oleg did not calm down, continuing to obey himself and other tribes, more deleted from the main river path. Act accounted for strength, as Slavs who did not participate in the trade turnover did not see sense in joining the Kiev principality and the more not the wish to pay tribute. Many hard hikes had to make the prince of Oleg with her buddy before he managed to finish the political association of the Eastern Slavs. The location of Kiev seemed to Oleg very comfortable, and soon moved there with a friend.

When combining two unions, the Northern and South, with large principalities in the center, Novgorod and Kiev, a new political form of the Kiev Grand District appeared in Russia, which became essentially the first Russian state.

The next twenty five years Oleg was engaged in the expansion of his power. Subjugated Kiev Drevlyan, Northerners, Radmich. If Rurik has already taken a step forward to the south along the Eastern way, going from Ladoga to Novgorod, then his successor Oleg moved much more and reached the end of the way. In the chronicles of that time, the names of the tribes are rarely found, they were replaced by the names of cities and regions. The subordinate city regions of Prince Oleg gave to the management of landans who had their armed squads and were also called princes.

In 907, Prince Oleg made a military campaign to Constantinople, to the capital of Byzantium. His army floated to 2000 late 40 warriors in each, and she also walked on the shore. Byzantine Emperor ordered to close the gate of the city and tan the chains of the harbor, providing Varyags the opportunity to rob and ruin the suburbs of Constantinople.

But not satisfied with the small robbery, Oleg went to the unusual storm in the city: "And Oleg commanded his warriors to make the wheels and put on the wheels of ships. And when there was a passing wind, raised the sails in the field and went to the city. " The Greeks locked in the city, behind the high walls, prayed for a mercy and at the negotiations were offered to conclude the world and agreed to pay tribute to 12 hryvnia silver per person. In the mark of Victory Oleg, on September 2, 907, nodded his shield to the gates of Tsargrad.

As a result, the first peace treaty of Russians with the Greeks about the duty-free trade in Russia in Byzantium, compiled legally competently and reasonably, even judging by today's international law standards. According to Oleg Treaty with the Greeks, Russian merchants did not pay any duties. Upon exchange trading exchange fur, wax, chelye on wine, vegetables, silk fabrics, gold. Upon the expiration of the trade period, marked with the contract, Russia received food on the road, as well as ship gear. In addition to trading, the Greeks hired Russian warriors to their service. Together with merchants from Constantinople, Christian priests and preachers came to Russia. More than Slavs appealed to the Orthodox faith, but the prince himself did not accept Christianity.

The last years of his life was held without military campaigns and battles. Oleg died in old age in 912. There is a legend for which the princess was predicted death from his beloved horse. Oleg was superstitious and no longer sat on her pet. After many years, remembering him, the prince came there, where the bones of his faithful friend were lying. The bite of the snake, cracked from the skull, was fatal. The plot of this legend lay on the basis of the ballads of Alexander Pushkin and Nicholas Langua. Information about the place of its burial is contradictory. There are indirect evidence that Prince's grave is located next to Kiev in one of the Kurgans.

There is no doubt that the main historical merit of this ruler can relate to the union of all Slavic tribes under the unified principle, the basis and strengthening of the first Russian state: the Great Principality of Kiev. It was from the board of Prince Oleg who began the history of Kievan Rus, and at the same time the history of the Russian state.

Memory of the mean Oleg

In dramagia

Lviva A. D. Dramatic Panorama in 5 actions and 14 paintings "Prince Oleg Probe" (Premiere September 16, 1904 on the stage of Nikolai II Nikolai II), Music N. I. Talvivov with the participation of the Chora of Huslarov O. U. Smolensky.

In literature

Pushkin A. S. "Song about Oleg" (1822)
Ryleev K. F. Duma. Chapter I. Oleg Probe. (1825)
Vysotsky V. S. "Song about the meaning of Oleg" (1967)
Vasilyev B. L. "Veus Oleg" (1996)
Panus O. Yu. "Shields on the gates",

To the cinema

Legend of Princess Olga (1983; USSR) Director Yuri Ilinko, as Oleg Nikolay Oolanin.

Conquest (1996; Hungary), director Gabor Collya, as Oleg Laslo Helley.

Saga about Vikings (2008; Denmark, USA) Director Mikael Mowlyl, as Oleg Simon Brejer (in childhood), Ken Wedsegor (in youth).

Veus Oleg. Founded by the Calee (2015; Russia) - Mikhail Zadornov's documentary about the meaning of Oleg.

In the TV series "Vikings" (2013-2020), in the role of Oleg - Russian actor Danil Kozlovsky.

Monuments

In 2007, a monument to Oleg in Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky was opened, since the city was first mentioned in 907 in Oleg Treaty with Byzantia.

In September 2015, a monument to Rurik and Oleg in Old Ladoga (Russia) was opened.

Oleg, he is a prophetic Oleg (Dr.-Rus. Olg, ѡulg). Died ok. 912 years old. Prince Novgorod since 879 and the Grand Duke Kiev from 882 years.

In the chronicles, two versions of Oleg biography are set out: traditional in the "Tale of Bygone Years" (PVL), and in the Novgorod first chronicle. Novgorod chronicle has kept fragments of an earlier chronicle arch (on which PVL is based), but it contains inaccuracies in chronology on the events of the X century.

According to PVL, Oleg was a rhodium (tribesman) Rüric. V.N. Tatishchev, with reference to the Ioamikovskaya chronicle, considers him a shurrician-brother of Rurik's wife, which Efanda calls. The exact origin of Oleg in PVL is not specified. There is a hypothesis that Oleg is ODD Orvar (Arrow), a hero of several Norwegian-Icelandic sag.

After the death of the founder by the Prince of Dynasty, Rüric in 879, Oleg began to prince in Novgorod as the guardian of the Minor Son Rurik Igor.

According to PVL, in 882, Oleg, taking a lot of warriors with him: Varyagov, Chok, Slane, I measured, all, curvice, - took the cities of Smolensk and Lyubek and planted her husbands there. Further on the Dnieper went down to Kiev, where Rurik's tribesmen, Varyagi Askold and Dir, were contacted. Oleg sent ambassadors to them with the words: "The merchants we, we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and from Igor Knyazhich, and come to your family and to us".

When Askold and Dir left the city, Oleg declared them: "You nєsta knѧzѧ neither kind of knѧzhѧ · but az єsm family knѧzhѧ" and presented the heir to Rurik, young Igor, after which Askold and Deer were killed.

Nikonovsky chronicle, compilation of various sources of the XVI century, leads a more detailed story about this capture. Oleg landed some of his squad ashore, who comprising a secret plan of action. Himself, having affected the patient, remained in the roaster and sent a notice to Askold and Dira that there was a lot of beads and jewelry, and also has an important conversation to the princes. When they rose on the root, Oleg said to them: "Az єsm Olg Knѧz · and Sє є Lyurikov Igor Knѧzhich" - And immediately killed Askold and Dira.

Kiev's location seemed very convenient, and he moved there with a friendWhen declaring: "May it be the mother of Russian cities". Thus, he combined the Northern and Southern Centers of the Eastern Slavs. For this reason, Oleg, and not Rurik sometimes consider the founder of the ancient Russian state.

Strooping in Kiev, Oleg installed for Novgorod tribute to Varyagam at 300 hryvnia: "And ѹstavi VarѧGom Dan Dajti · ѿ NOVAGOROD T҃ Griven on Lѣto · the world dѣlѧ є є є ꙗ ꙗ Slavlѧ dꙗshє Varѧg.

The next 25 years, Oleg was busy expanding the subject matter. He subjugated Kiev Drevlyan (883), Northerners (884), Radmich (885). The last two tribal unions were Danika Khazar. The tale of temporary years left the text of the appeal of Oleg to Northerners: "I am an enemy of Khazars, so you have no reason to pay them a tribute." To the radar: "Who gives you to give?". Those answered: "Khazara". And he says Oleg: "Do not let the Khazaras, but let me". "And Oleg owned by Trules, Polyans, Radmichs, and with - streets and tivershe and tiversche."

In the year 898, the Tale of Bygone Years dates the appearance of Hungarians in Kiev during their migration to the West, in fact, which occurred in several years earlier.

In 907, the year-up of 2000 laterals of 40 warriors in each (PVL), Oleg made a campaign to Tsargrad. Byzantine Emperor Lev VI Philosopher ordered to close the gate of the city and tan the chains of the harbor, providing thus with the opportunity to rob and ruin the suburbs of Constantinople. However, Oleg went to an unusual assault: "And Oleg commanded his warriors to make wheels and put ships on the wheels. And when there was a passing wind, they raised in the sail field and went to the city ".

Frightened Greeks offered Oleg World and tribute. According to the Treaty, Oleg received 12 hryvnia for each ride, and Byzantia promised to pay tribute to Russian cities. In the victory, Oleg nodded his shield to the gates of Tsargrad. The main result of the campaign was the trade agreement on the duty-free trade in Rus in Byzantium.

Many historians consider this campaign legend. There are no mention of the Byzantine authors, there are quite detailed such trips in 860 and 941. There are doubts about the 907 contract, the text of which represents an almost literal compilation of contracts 911 and 944. Perhaps the hike was still, but without the siege of Tsargrad. PVL in the description of the campaign of Igor Rurikovich in 944 reports the "Words of the Byzantine King" to the prince Igor: "Do not go, but take a tribute to what Oleg took, I will add it to that Dani."

In 911, Oleg sent an embassy to Constantinople, which confirmed the "long-term" world and concluded a new contract. Compared with the 907 year agreement disappears the mention of duty-free trade. Oleg is referred to in the agreement "Grand Prince Russian." In the authenticity of the 911 Agreement, there is no doubt: it is supported by both linguistic analysis and references to Byzantine sources.

In the autumn of 912, as reported by the story of the time years, Prince Oleg died from snake bite.

The circumstances of the death of the thing Oleg is contradictory. "The Tale of Bygone Years" reports that the death of Oleg preceded the heavenly sign - the appearance of the "star Great in the West with a penny way." According to the Kiev version, reflected in the "Tale of Bygone Years", his grave is located in Kiev on the mountains of Schikovice. The Novgorod first chronicle places his grave in Ladoga, but at the same time says that he gone "for the sea."

In both options there is a legend of death from the serpentine bite. According to legend, the magic predicted the prince that he would die from his beloved horse. Oleg ordered to lead the horse and remembered the prediction only four years later, when the horse had long died. Oleg laughed at the wrappers and wanted to look at the bone of the horse, got up his foot on the skull and said: "Is I afraid of him?" However, in the skull of the horse lived a poisonous snake, a deadly tasty prince.

This legend finds parallels in Icelandic Saga about Viking Orwar Odde, who was also deadly on the grave of his beloved horse. It is not known whether Saga has become a reason for creating an ancient Russian legend about Oleg or, on the contrary, the circumstances of the death of Oleg served the material for the saga.

However, if Oleg is a historical personality, then ORVAR ODD - hero of the adventure saga, created on the basis of oral legends not earlier than the XIII century. The sorceress predicted a 12-year-old death death from his horse. In order not to let the prediction, ODD with a friend killed the horse, threw into a hole, and the corpse was poured by stones. Here's how Orvar Odd died a year later: and when they quickly went, hit ODD feet and bent. "What was it, what did I hit the foot?" He touched a spear's edge, and saw everything that it was a skull horse, and the snake came immediately from him, rushed to Odda and stung him in his foot higher ankle. The poison immediately worked, the whole leg and thigh swollen. From this bite, it was so weakened by ODD that they had to help him go to the shore, and when he came there, he said: "You should now go and cut down a stone coffin, and someone will stay here to sit beside me and records that story which I complain about the acts of my and life. " After that, he began to decide on the story, and they began to record on the table, and how the way Odda went, so she walked the story [it follows]. And after that dies ODD.

For some time it was customary to identify Oleg with the epic warrior Wolgy Svyatoslavich.

G. Lovmyyansky argued that the opinion on the original board of Oleg in Novgorod was approved in the scientific literature. According to the city of Lovmyyansky, Oleg was Smolensk Prince, and his connection with Rurik is a late chronicle combination. A. Lebedev expressed a guess that a representative of local Nobille could be a relative of Rüric. The fact of laying Oleg Dani to Novgorod Kiev and Varyagam may testify to the version about the Novgorod Prince of Oleg.

The death date of Oleg, as well as all the chronicles of Russian history until the end of the X century, is conditional. Historian A. A. Chematov noted that 912 is also the year of the death of the Byzantine emperor Lion VI - Antagonist Oleg. Perhaps the chronicler who knew that Oleg and Lev were contemporaries, timed the end of their boards to the same date. A similar suspicious coincidence - 945 - and between the dates of the death of Igor and overthrow from the throne of his contemporary, the Byzantine Emperor Roman I. Given the same that the Novgorod tradition refers the death of Oleg by 922, the date 912 becomes even more dubious. The duration of the reign of Oleg and Igor is 33 years old, which is suspicious in the epic source of this information.

Polish historian of the XVIII century H. F. Frize advanced the version that Oleg had a son, Oleg Moravian, who, after the death of his father, was forced to leave Russia as a result of the fight against Prince Igor. Rurikovich Oleg Moravsky's relative became the last prince of Moravia in 940, according to the compositions of the Polish and Czech writers of the XVI-XVII century, but his relative connection with Oleg is only an assumption of fries.

The Russian pronunciation of Oleg originated, probably from the Scandinavian name Helge, which meant initially (on the Prostoshver - Hailaga) "Holy", "possessing the gift of healing." Multiple Helgi Names are known from Sag, whose lifetime is dated VI-IX centuries. In the sagas there are also relatives for the sound name Ole, Oleif, ofeig. Sakson Grammar calls OLEIF names, Oleif, ofeig, but their ethnicity remains unclear.

Among historians who do not support the Norman theory, attempts were made to challenge the Scandinavian etymology named after Oleg and tie it with invoking Slavic, Turkic or Iranian forms. Some researchers also point out that, given the fact of writing the "Tale of Bygone Years" in the XI century Christian monks, the nickname "prophetic" can not be considered authentic. Modern historians see Christian motives or even Christian propaganda in it. So, in particular, the Russian historian and the archaeologist V. Ya. Petrukhin believes that the nickname "prophetic" and the legend of the death of Prince Oleg was made by monks to the chronicle to show the impossibility of the pagan foresight of the future.

Veus Oleg (documentary)

The image of a thing of Oleg in art

In dramaturgy:

Lviva A. D. Dramatic Panorama in 5 actions and 14 paintings "Prince Oleg Probe" (Premiere September 16, 1904 on the stage of Nikolai II Nikolai II), Music N. I. Talvivov with the participation of the Chora of Huslarov O. U. Smolensky.

In the literature, the chronicle story about the death of Oleg is based on literary works:

Pushkin A. S. "Song of the meaning of Oleg";
Vysotsky V.S. "Song about the meaning of Oleg";
Ryleev K. F. Duma. Chapter I. Oleg Probe. 1825;
Vasilyev B. L. "Veus Oleg";
Panus O. Yu. "Shields on the gates."

To the cinema:

Legend of Princess Olga (1983; USSR) director Yuri Ilinko, as Oleg Nikolay Oolanin;
Conquest / Honfoglalás (1996; Hungary), director Gabor Collya, as Oleg Laslo Helley;
Saga on Vikings / a Viking Saga (2008; Denmark, United States) Director Mikael Mowl, as Oleg Simon Brejer (in childhood), Ken Vedezhegor (in his youth);
Veus Oleg. Founded by the Calee (2015; Russia) - Documentary film Mikhail Zadornov about the meaning of Oleg.

Veus Oleg. Differed by

Red Bird is supernim, and a person will reduce.

Russian folk proverb

In 882, Prince Oleg Probe captured Kiev, the custody of killing his princes of Askold and Dira. Immediately after entering Kiev, he uttered his famous words that he was now destined to be the mother of Russian cities. Prince Oleg proved these words not by chance. He was very pleased with how well the place was chosen for the construction of the city. The shores of the Dnieper, were almost impregnable, which made it hope that the city will be a reliable protection for its inhabitants.

The presence of an obstacle from the water border of the city was very relevant, since it was for this part of the Dnieper that the famous trading path from Varyag in the Greeks was held. This path also imagined himself a trip through large Russian rivers. He took his beginning in the Finnish bay of the Baikal Sea, which at that time was called Varana. Then the path was going through the Neva River to Ladoga Lake. The path from the Varyag in the Greeks continued to the mouth of the Volkhov River to Lake Ilni. From there, he made small rivers to the origins of the Dnieper, and from there he was already held until the Black Sea. In this way, starting in the Vorajan Sea and ending in the Black Sea, and the well-known trading path has passed.

Foreign policy of things Oleg

Prince Oleg Oleg, after the seizure of Kiev, decided to continue the expansion of the territory of the state, due to the inclusion of new territories in it, which were populated by the peoples, sincecorably paid tribute to Khazara. As a result, tribes entered the Kiev Rus:

• radmichi
• polyana
• slovenia
• northener
• krivichi.
• doodle.

In addition, Prince Oleg Probe imposed his influence and other neighboring tribes: Dregovichi, streets and tivers. At the same time, the Uralsky tribes displaced from the territory of the Urals were approached Kiev. In the chronicles, it was not preserved that these tribes were held with the world on Kievan Rus, or were knocked out of it. But it can be said that in Russia, it was still put up with their stay near Kiev. This place is near Kiev and to this day calls Ugric. These tribes later switched across the Dnieper River, captured nearby land (Moldova and Bessarabia) and went deep into Europe, where the state of Hungarian was substantiated.

New campaign on Byzantium

907 marks the new turn of Russia's foreign policy. Anticipating greater prey, Rusichy is sent by the war on Byzantium. Thus, the prince Oleg Probe becomes the second Russian prince who declared the war of Byzantium, after Askold and Dira. Oleg's troops included almost 2000 ships of 40 soldiers on each. The shore was accompanied by the cavalry. The Byzantine Emperor allowed the Russian troop unhindered to rob nearby neighborhood of Constantinople. The entrance to the bay of the city, which is called the Bay of the Golden Horn, was blocked by chains. The chronicles Nestor describes the unprecedented cruelty of the Russian troops with which they ruined the neighborhood of the Byzantine capital. But even by this they could not threaten Constantinople. At the revenue came the trick of Oleg, who ordered equip all ships wheels. Further on the ground, with passing wind, to go on the capital of Byzantium on all sails. So done. Above the Byzantium hung the threat of defeat, and the Greeks, realizing the hissors who hung over them, decided to conclude the world with the enemy. Kiev Prince demanded from the losers to pay 12 (twelve) hryvnia for each warrior, to which the Greeks agreed. As a result, on September 2, 911 (according to the chronicles of Nestor), a written peace treaty was drawn up between the Kiev Rus and the Byzantine Empire. Prince Oleg made the payment of Dani by the Russian cities of Kiev and Chernigov, as well as the right of duty-free trade for Russian merchants.

Oleg Vechemy

First Grand Duke Kiev. The reign years of approximately: 869-912. The chronicle legend binds the appearance of Oleg in Russia with the calling of Varyagov, calls him a prince Umansky (i.e. Normannsky), Shurin of Prince Igor, and sometimes Rüric's nephew. The "Regency" of Oleg (869) The chronicle explains his relationship with Rurik, who, dying, presented his principality behind the youngster of the Son Igor Oleg. However, there are cases where Oleg is called Voivoda Igor. The reign of his Oleg began in Novgorod and soon became famous for the "Device of the Earth", conquering and diplomatic activities: he built the city and established the Podachi, conquered the neighboring nations and entered them with tribute, tried to make diplomatic intercourse with Byzantia, quite understanding the importance of them for the people who lived in Great path "From Varyag in Greeks." This period of his jurisdiction, the Novgorod chronicler calls "those times and summer of Olgov." In Novgorod, Oleg rejected three years (until 872), and then began his movement to the south, seeking to spread and consolidate his princely power on it. First of all, he mastered the city of Dniprovsky Crvic - Smolensky, then Lisher in Northern Last. Both cities he secured, putting in them the governors with a sufficient garrison. Moving to the south down the Dnieper, Oleg reached Kiev, in which, in the chronicle legend, the men who separated from the squad of Rüric's men - Askold and Dir. Oleg lured them with cunning from the city and, killing, took possession of Kiev. He made his ultimate city and called the "Mother of the Russian cities". With the accession of land, Oleg convinced by the Kiev princes convinced all the great water, and to secure him from nomadic raids, decided to approve his power in the steppes. To this end, they were built a number of towns and butterpasses. Provided by their southeastern borders, Oleg spread its conquering movement to the east and west of Dnieper. So, in 883, he put the Trees to pay him a tribute to the black cunita with smoke. In 885, Oleg went to the northerners who paid tribute to Hozaras and, conquering, laid them with a light tribute, referring to show the advantages of Russian power before Khaozar Igog. Apparently, thanks to this form of action of Oleg, Radmichi in 885 agreed to give him the tribute, which they paid before Hozaras. After many years of struggle (by the annals of 20 years), Oleg conquered dlebov, Croats and Tivers. The streets did not succeed at all. Persistent resistance is explained by the fact that these tribes with a small and weak trading class did not see sense in conjunction with Rus. In 907, Oleg, collecting the numerous army from Varyagov, Novgorod Slavs, Polyan, Cugh, Krivichi, Mary, Northerners, Drevlyan, Radmich, Croatians, Dulebov, and Tiversev, Susha and Morce, moved to the Tsargrad. This kind of enterprise enjoyed sympathy of the surrounding tribes associated with trading interests with Rus and Byzantium. This campaign of Oleg, who had important for the further development of the Kiev principality, crashed into a popular memory. Traditions decorate its fabulous details indicating that the people considered it a large military enterprise other than random predatory raids. The chronicle story about the siege and the capture of Tsargrad is bloomed by fiction, towering courage, and the main thing is the trick of the prince, surpassed by the Greeks. The Greek emperors frightened by Oleg, not allowing the Russian prince to storm their capital, offered him through negotiations to come to a peace agreement. Oleg accepted this proposal and the ambassadors concluded with the Greeks the conditions for which the Greeks were to give 12 hryvnias on the ship and stacked on those Russian cities where Oleg's men were sitting. Based on these conditions, the world was concluded by the oath of both parties. Russians spore themselves right within six months to take the edible supplies from the Greeks (monthly) and wash in the baths as much as you like. To trade them was allowed everywhere duty free. When sending Russians, the Greeks in the return route were obliged to supply them to provisions and ship's gears. Byzantine emperors made an article in a contract, according to which Russians could enter the city only accompanied by Greek officials, through a pre-specified gate, without weapons, and no more than 50 people right away, and settle in the place indicated by the government. This first agreement of Oleg has not been preserved in its full composition, but only in the chronicle retelling.

Oleg returned to his homeland with rich prey and glory about his successful campaign was separated everywhere. The people called the Prince, which won the cunning Greeks, - wept. In 911, Oleg, on behalf of His and "Like the essence of his light Boyar," sent - "from the genus of Russian," to the Tsargrad ambassadors, who concluded the well-known Russian treaty with the Greeks of 911. He was concluded in September 911. Emperors Leve, Alexander and Konstantine. It can be seen from the text that in Russia of that time there were many princes, part of the native, Slavic origin, part of the ingenic nodes who managed the whole "parish".

The content of the contract determines the grounds for the accusation of Russian or Greek in the crime. Then, in the contract, Russian and Greeks were obliged to help mutually shopping ships of those and others who fell in misfortune. The contract also obliged to buy Russian and Greek slaves and prisoners of war of those countries where merchants of Contracting Parties will ride. According to the contract, the Russians were allowed, by the way, to serve the Greek emperors. According to the conclusion of the contract, the emperors richly gave ambassadors and gave an order to drive them at churches and acquaint themselves with the Christian faith. In 912, the ambassadors returned to Kiev. There is a legend that in the autumn of the same year, Oleg went north to Novgorod and Ladoga, where he died. There is a poetic legend known in Pushkin's poetic processing. The personality and activity of Oleg generally served the subjects of literary processing.

"Complete Assembly of Russian Chronicles" (under 6367, 6387, 6390-92, 6411, 6412, 6420 Tom I, II, IV, V, VII); Works: Solovyov, Bestumev-Ryumin, Ilovaiski. "Oleg's campaign is really a fairy tale" (Question D. Ilovai N. Lambina "Zhurn. M. N. Enlightenment", 1873, No. 7). D. Meichik: "The system of crimes and punishments under Oleg, Igor and Pravda Yaroslavova". ("Legal Bulletin", 1875 No. 1-3). Sergeevich: "Russian treaties with the Greeks" (magazine M. N. Enlightenment, 1882, January). M. Vladimir Budanov; "Readings on the history of Russian law", Issue. I, edition 3, Kiev 1893; (The critical text of the agreement 981 is placed here, in the notes of the 907 contract). Comparative table of articles of the agreement Oleg and Igor and literature concerning Oleg agreements. - Oleg Tale Review is made in the article: "To the history of poetic legends on Oleg's items." ("Journal. M. N. PR.", 1902, August; 1903 - November).

V. Fursenko.

(Polovtsov)

Oleg Vechemy

prince-ruler of Kiev from 882, guardian in. to. Igor, kinship. Rurik; † 912.

(Polovtsov)

Large biographical encyclopedia. 2009 .

Watch what is "Oleg Probe" in other dictionaries:

Art. Slav Olg Vychi ... Wikipedia

- (i.e. knowing the future) (912 died), ancient Russian prince. According to chronicle reports, a relative of the legendary Rurik (see Rurik (Prince)), who became after his death the Novgorod Prince (879). In 882, Oleg made a campaign to the land of Krivich and captured ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (i.e. knowing the future) (912 died), the Old Russian Prince. According to chronicle reports, a relative of a hemalendar Rüric (see Rurik Sineus Trurvor), who has become a Novgorod Prince after his death. In 882 O. made a campaign to the land of curvice and captured them ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (SC. 912 or 922), Great Russian Prince. Most chronicles calls him Rurik's relative, Voskresenskaya and some other chronicles of Rüric's nephew, Joacimovskaya Shurik, "Prince Umansky", Wise and Brave, Novgorod ... ... Russian history

Oleg Vechemy - Oleg, according to Nintelіji, led. Prince Kievskiy. The mistakes of the temporary LѣT diversion that Rurik, dying (879), passed the KNYUZHIA in Novgorod to his ko O., defeating his custody of his naughty. Son Igor. Military, ... ... Military encyclopedia

Oleg prophetic farewell of a thing of Oleg with a horse. V. Vasnetsov, 1899 ... Wikipedia

Board of Prince Oleg (briefly)

Prince Oleg Board - Short Description

Chronology of the Board of Prince Oleg 882-912

In 879, after the death of Rurik, the Novgorod Prince becomes his relative Oleg (this happened because of the youngsters of Igor, the son of Rurik). The new prince was very militant and enterprising. As soon as he climbed the princely throne, he put the goal to capture the waterway to Greece. However, for this it was necessary to conquer all the Slavic tribes living along the flow of Dnieper.

Since in order to achieve, the goals set by one squad was not enough, Oleg collects the army from the Finnish tribes, as well as the curvice and Ilmensky Slavs, after which he put forward south. On his way, he subordinates Smolensk, love (there he leaves part of the warriors), and then goes to Kiev.

At that time, Askold and Dir, not belonging to the princely race, were ruled in Kiev. Oleg lured the cunning of them from the city and gave the order to kill them. After that, the Kiev residents gave up without a fight, Oleg took the place of the Great Kiev Prince, and the city himself proclaimed the "Mother of Russian cities".

The new Kiev Prince conducted large-scale work on strengthening the buildings of the city, which was responsible for his defense, and also held several successful military campaigns in 883-885, thus expanding the land, subject to Kiev. In addition, Oleg subjugated radiramics, northerners and arms. In the conquered lands he erected the fortress and cities.

Domestic policy of the reign of Prince Oleg

Internal policy with Oleg It was reduced to the collection of Dani from the conquered tribes (in fact, remained the same as with other ruler). Tribute was fixed throughout the state territory.

Foreign Policy of the time of the reign of Prince Oleg

907 was marked for Prince Oleg and Russia a very successful campaign on Byzantium. Frightened by the huge troops and getting on the trick of Oleg (the ships were put on the wheels and walked on the ground), the Greeks were offered the prince of Kiev a huge tribute, which he accepted on the condition that Byzantium will provide Russian merchants. Five years later, Oleg signed a peace treaty with the Greeks.

After this campaign, the princes began to make legends, attributing to him supernatural abilities and ownership of magic. From the same time, the people of Prince Oleg began to call the prophet.

Duke died in 912. According to the giving, Oleg once asked the reason for the cause of his death and he answered him that the prince would die from his faithful beloved horse. After that, Oleg gave a horse to the stable, where he was cared to death. Having learned about the death of the horse, the prince came to his bones to the mountain to say goodbye to the right friend, where he was bited in the foot of the serpent from the horse skirt.