Do you need ventilation in a modern sauna? Correct ventilation in the bath: no waste is needed in the steam room. Consider the schemes in the Russian bath and frame walls How to regulate the operation of the ventilation system

Do you need ventilation in the sauna? This question raises doubts among many people. On the one hand, sanitary standards indicate the need to renew the air in any room where a person is, but, on the other hand, ventilation can cool the bathhouse, where it is so difficult to keep the required heat. The bathhouse is a very specific institution, and you should think carefully about solving the problem.

Steam room ventilation

The bathhouse includes several rooms with different functions. Therefore, it is important to figure out whether ventilation is needed in a Russian bath.

The heart of any bath is the steam room. If we consider a Russian bath, then an environment of saturated water vapor with a humidity of up to 80% and a high temperature of 60-65 ° C is provided here. The classic steam room is a small, isolated room. Several people can be in it at the same time for a fairly long time.

People breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, which can accumulate in an enclosed space when there is no supply of fresh air. In the stagnant environment of the steam room, there is an excessive concentration of carbon dioxide, sweat secretions, bacteria and microbes, accompanied by unpleasant odors.

Attention! The answer to the question of whether ventilation is needed in the steam room is unambiguous - it is necessary.

The second problem is the destruction of the structural material. A Russian bath is most often constructed of wood, and the wood is subject to rotting when exposed to moisture for a long time, especially in a confined space at high temperatures. Saturated water vapor condenses on contact with any colder surface, which causes the presence of water in the material. As a result, microorganisms that destroy wood are actively developing, mold and fungi develop. If proper drying of structural elements is not ensured, then rotting will quickly render the structure unusable. This problem is not limited to wood. The process with varying degrees of intensity is typical for any building material, incl. concrete.

An analysis of the conditions that arise during the operation of a steam room indicates that there is no need to doubt whether ventilation is needed in the bath. Only an inflow of fresh air will avoid sanitary problems and material destruction in the steam room.

Features of other premises

When considering whether ventilation is needed in the bath, you should not think that only the steam room should be ventilated. All bath rooms are in difficult conditions.

The washing compartment is a constant stream of heated water, often mixed with detergents. Showers can be installed here, and this causes splashing water and active humidification of structural elements. When the doors are opened, clouds of steam rush from the steam room into the washing room, which condense on the walls and ceiling. In this room, moisture accumulation is as acute a problem as in a steam room, although the air temperature is much lower.

The dressing room plays the role of a dressing room, here the furnace of the stove can be located. There are no high temperatures in this room, and the humidity may rise slightly when opening the doors to the steam room or front doors when it is damp outside. A big problem is created by a furnace firebox, from which, with any chimney, combustion products of fuel come out anyway.

The recreation room is located in more favorable conditions. It provides normal temperature and humidity. However, ventilation does not hurt here either. After taking a bath procedure, you want to relax in a calm atmosphere, and breathing in fresh air is one of the conditions for comfort.

Bath ventilation principles

Ventilation in the bath is necessary for the flow of fresh air, elimination of unpleasant odors, drying of the construction material and prevention of rotting. Its arrangement is dictated by sanitary standards and technical parameters. There are no regulatory documents for private baths, therefore their owners must take into account the recommendations of specialists.

On a note! When operating a bath, you can apply the advice from the manual "Methodological recommendations for the design of baths and bath and recreation complexes" for public institutions, because their foundations take into account the basic requirements for comfortable operation.

This document proposes the following mode of air renewal in bath rooms:

steam room - up to 5 times per hour;
washing room - 8-9 times per hour, and in the presence of an isolated shower - in it up to 11-12 times per hour; rest room - 2-3 times per hour.

There should always be fresh air in the bath, in which only the aroma of wood, medicinal herbs and a steamed broom is felt.
Cold air in the winter season cannot be supplied in the area of the floor; it is better to provide the supply at the top, where the air mass will quickly warm up.
Before each visit to the steam room, the environment should be completely renewed.
Between bath procedures, good drying of all structural elements (floor, walls, ceiling, shelves) is necessary.
Oxygen is burned out by a red-hot stove, therefore, its replenishment must be ensured, with the simultaneous removal of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
When arranging ventilation, it is necessary to take into account the laws of air convection, when a heated mass always rushes upward, displacing a cold one downward.

Features of the arrangement of ventilation

Ventilation in the bath can be natural and forced. In the first case, it is provided by the free circulation of the air mass coming from the street. Air movement occurs due to the difference in temperature and pressure. This method is considered the most common in Russian baths. Forced ventilation requires the installation of air intake and exhaust devices. They allow you to suck in the required amount of air from the outside and direct it to the right place.

On a note! A simple and effective way to refresh the steam room is the so-called volley ventilation. It ensures the flow of air through the open front door, and the exit of stagnant air occurs through the window on the opposite wall.

Such operations should not be carried out if there are people in the steam room, but between ventilation procedures they give a quick effect. The duration of the volley ventilation is 3-5 minutes.

More sophisticated options have dedicated air inlets. There are several schemes for sauna ventilation with a different arrangement of these holes:

classic: the entrance hole is made near the floor at a height of 25-35 cm behind the stove, and the exit is on the opposite wall near the ceiling 30-35 cm lower;
with a constantly operating stove: the entrance is near the floor on the wall opposite the stove, and the exit is provided through the stove chimney;
when using an exhaust fan: the entrance behind the stove is at a height of 0.3 m from the floor, and the exit is slightly lower on the opposite side (20-25 cm from the floor), which ensures air circulation throughout the room;
entrance and exit on the same wall, both equipped with fans: one hole near the floor and the other near the ceiling.

Bath ventilation is required in all bath rooms. It will provide comfort, sanitary safety and reduce the risk of structural damage from moisture. When arranging the system, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of specialists.

The choice of ventilation scheme depends on the design of the bath (see the layout of the bath), but the constituent elements will be the same:

ventilation holes in the foundation, which should be worried about at the initial stage of construction;

vents with gratings and gaps in the floor (see);

holes in the ceiling and walls, the location of which will be determined by the selected scheme;

ventilation pipes overlooking;

supply and exhaust fans.

Variants deployment ventilation hatches can be different.

Scheme No. 1

An opening for the air inlet is arranged behind the heater (the article on choosing a heater can be read) at a height of 0.5 m, the hood - on the opposite wall at the very bottom in relation to the floor.

The withdrawal of waste products is made by compulsory method. The scheme guarantees uniform heating of the incoming air.

Please note that the efficiency of the stove recoil directly depends on how low the hood is located;

Scheme No. 2

The exhaust and inlet openings are located opposite the stove, on the same wall. The entrance is 0.3 m from the floor level, the exit is 0.3 m from the ceiling level.

A fan is used to blow air. The scheme is suitable if the bath is equipped with only one external wall and the firebox is located inside the steam room;

Scheme No. 3

The inlet outlet is behind the stove, at a height of 0.3 m above the floor level. The hood is at the floor, but on the opposite side.

This scheme is popular due to its high-speed operation, which ensures a comfortable stay in the bath;

Scheme No. 4

Optimal for baths with leaking floors. In this case, one air inlet is equipped (behind the stove) at a height of 0.2-0.3 m above the floor.

Cold air enters the underground through the cracks and is discharged through the ventilation pipe;

Ventilation systems installation technology

Depending on the location of the firebox, the design of the ventilation system takes place in 2 directions.

In the first case, the firebox is located in an adjacent room, in the second - directly in the steam room.

Ventilation of a sauna with a firebox inside the steam room

for the stove, a podium is arranged, which allows the ventilation ducts to be brought in. The bricks are laid in 3 rows.
The first row is near the wall, the second is along the edge, the third is between the first and second. Upon reaching a height of 24
see it is covered with bricks. To ensure unobstructed blowing of air, the last pair of bricks in
the area where the oven is located is not installed;

the butt is formed;

the second box, into the end of which the blowing oven door is inserted, is brought to the end. Thus, the first box should look under the stove, the second into the steam room;

on the wall adjacent to the recreation room, at the level of the masonry, two channel holes are made (for doors). Note that they shouldn't go all the way to the top of the brick shirt. Then they can be easily opened and closed;

the stove is placed on the podium and covered with bricks. Do not forget to provide an opening for the fuel channel and a gap (between the brickwork and the stove), which is filled with non-combustible material;

equip a protective screen with two convection valves;

the hood is mounted in a manner similar to a sauna with a firebox from an adjacent room.

Ventilation of a sauna with a firebox from an adjacent room

the furnace tunnel is lined with a brick with a gap of 1 cm. It is necessary for the subsequent laying of basalt wool, which reduces the risk of deformation of the masonry when heated;

inlets can be made in two ways:

from the street, a ventilation duct is laid under the floor, which is removed from the pre-furnace sheet protecting the floor from ignition. Grilles are installed on the channel (inside and outside).

the second method differs from the first only in that the ventilation duct is carried out in a floor way. Otherwise, there is no difference - take it out of the street, bring it to the pre-heating plate and install ventilation grilles.

diagonally from the supply vents, an extractor hood is installed on the opposite wall. The ventilation box is pre-sheathed with clapboard and mounted at a height of 30 cm above the floor level.

The area of the supply openings should be equal to the area of the exhaust openings. Otherwise, draft is generated, which reduces the amount of fresh air.

How to regulate the ventilation system

If the firebox is outside the steam room

after the oven warms up, the exhaust and supply vents are covered;

when the temperature reaches the planned level, the holes are adjusted with the help of doors (latches);

if it is necessary to increase the volume of fresh air, open the supply hatches;

after the completion of the steam bath procedures, all existing doors must also be opened.

Bathers often determine the temperature and humidity conditions by eye (we read about how to steam properly), of course, this method cannot be called infallible. Devices will help to objectively assess the situation:

thermometer (electric, alcohol, but not mercury). When using an electric thermometer in the steam room
a thermocouple is installed, and the indicator is displayed in the dressing room;

hygrometer. With this device, you can set the required humidity mode (dry-air or
very moist).

If the firebox is inside the steam room

the ventilation ducts are closed only after thoroughly warming up the oven, i.e. during initial heating, the lower
the doors do not close;

the oven must be operated with open top hatches;

for the period of soaring, only the blower door (on the box) is left open, which provides air flow for
burning;

after steaming, the bath is thoroughly ventilated.
Bathers often determine the temperature and humidity conditions by eye; of course, this method cannot be called unmistakable. Devices will help to objectively assess the situation:

The temperature background and the high level of moisture in the bath are favorable conditions for the settlement of all kinds of harmful microorganisms. Among them are bacteria, viruses, molds that destroy wood and the lung system of lovers of bath procedures. Competently made ventilation in the bath will relieve the aforementioned negativity. How to do it?

We will tell you all about the rules for organizing ventilation systems designed to dry wet rooms. Using reliable information will help you design and implement a flawless ventilation project. The data presented for consideration is based on building codes and practical experience of builders.

The article describes in detail the methods of construction of ventilation systems designed to remove water suspended in the air, drying the finish and supporting structures. The materials and components required for their arrangement are described. Photo apps and video tutorials can help you master a tricky topic.

The bathhouse needs regular air renewal. This is a safety requirement for people taking bath procedures. Also, proper ventilation can extend the service life up to 50 years or more.

The type of ventilation system is selected individually and depends on the location, the size of the structure, and the materials used in the construction.

Bath ventilation schemes

According to the principle of operation, all existing ventilation systems are divided into natural, forced and combined. In the first case, ventilation occurs due to the arbitrary flow of street air, mixing it in the room and displacing the spent air through the holes in a natural way.

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If there is insulation, then a counter-lattice must be installed to ensure ventilation between the insulation and other layers of the roof. It is also used to ventilate wall structures so that condensation does not form in the thickness of the layers.

To dry the floors, use volley ventilation or equip a ventilated floor. This option should be considered during the construction phase. To do this, perform a rough floor, carefully pouring concrete under a slope, and the finishing floor is made of hardwood boards, leaving small gaps between them. This floor provides quick removal of excess moisture.

It is important to properly organize ventilation in all areas of the bath. Particular attention should be paid to the washing / shower room, where high humidity threatens the formation of mold and mildew

All bath rooms need aeration, including:

washing room;
dressing room / rest room;
other premises.

To arrange proper ventilation, you have to choose the optimal scheme that suits the requirements and conditions of a particular bath. It is important to remember that fresh air must be supplied to all rooms and also removed from all.

They build ventilation ducts, make supply and exhaust openings in the walls or mount a whole system of air ducts - everything is very individual

Experienced craftsmen do not recommend laying complex ventilation duct systems, preferring to stay on the simplest solution that is suitable for a particular case. The rule works here - the simpler the better. And for the price, a simple option will cost several times cheaper.

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Ventilation in the dressing room is a guarantee of a healthy rest. The quality of the microclimate in the bath depends on how correctly this type of work is performed. It is impossible to get a healthy spirit and the pleasure of relaxing in a room with a musty smell of dampness and mold, so it is important to study all the features of the arrangement of air exchange before it is even more important.

Diagram of the air exchange device in the dressing room

The construction of a bath is not complete without a set of basic premises: a steam room, a washing room, a dressing room, a rest room. It is this kit that helps you get a good rest and enjoy it. In order to save space, the dressing room is often used as a dressing room, a rest room. Since the maximum time vacationers will be in this room, the microclimate in it must meet the following requirements:

According to the above list, a direct dependence of the microclimate on heating and ventilation is visible.

Technical requirements for air exchange in the dressing room

When building a bathhouse with your own hands, you can later face high humidity, which, ultimately, will lead to the appearance of rot, mold, and premature destruction of the building. The reason for such troubles can be an illiterate arrangement of ventilation, the absence or improper insulation of walls, floors, ceilings.

Calculation table for air exchange in different rooms of the bath

Before the stage of engineering work in the dressing room, a number of features should be taken into account:

There are three types of ventilation used for the bath:

Forced. Carried out with the help of electric fans;
Natural. Based on the laws of physics, where wind force and atmospheric pressure play a role. The principle of movement of air masses: warm air rises, cooled air descends to the floor;
Combined. A combination of the two previous types. Such a complex will provide an optimal microclimate in the entire structure in a short time.

Arrangement of ventilation in the dressing room

When building a bath, it should be understood that this is not only a steam room, but also a number of other premises. In general - a complex. Therefore, a single ventilation scheme is laid at the time of design. To do this, you should take into account a number of points:

Depending on the location of the rest room, the hood can be mounted on the wall behind which it is located. Forced ventilation is often used to improve the efficiency of air movement.

When doing work on laying ventilation ducts with your own hands, do not forget about their heat and.

An integrated approach to the condensate problem

By purchasing a ready-made bath, you may encounter the problem of condensation in the dressing room. If the inspection of the ventilation system on site has shown that everything is normal, the quality of the "pies" of the walls, floor, and ceiling should be reviewed.

Drawing of the placement of ventilation openings in the dressing room

Possible drafts and additional sources of moisture, cold from the outside create problems inside the building. As a result, such a way to solve the problem with condensation, how to make ventilation in the dressing room, will not help. A whole range of work will be required to eliminate such a deficiency.

Floor insulation

The ideal flooring option is tiles. It seals all drafts from the underfloor space, and also prevents moisture penetration. For greater comfort, a warm floor system can be laid under it, but this will increase the cost of finishing and operating. Therefore, most often they equip wooden coatings. The correct floor should be installed in the following steps:

Often, part of the heating and ventilation ducts is laid in the underground space. With this scheme, communications are insulated and waterproofed.

Ceiling insulation

Perhaps this is the weakest point in the dressing room. It is he who is most negatively affected by the effect of steam.

Ceiling insulation scheme in the dressing room

The warmer the ceiling, the less condensation will accumulate on it. The ideal filler option is expanded clay, which will replace both insulation and vapor barrier. But this is not always technically feasible.

Therefore, the false ceiling is the most popular:

Guide bars are stuffed, vapor barrier is laid;
Insulation is laid between the wooden profiles (mineral wool is recommended), sewn up with a reflector (foil film). The seams between the canvases are glued with metallized tape.

An important point is the ventilation gap between the insulation and the finishing ceiling lining.

Wall insulation

It is carried out according to the same principle as the ceiling sheathing. For assumed. And inside the arrangement of waterproofing.

Wall insulation scheme in the dressing room and waterproofing device

Another important point for conserving heat and optimizing ventilation is doors. The size of the entrance group to the dressing room is recommended 1800 * 800.

In this case, the insulation of the box is mandatory. The door to the steam room is made smaller than the entrance. Thus, heat loss in both rooms is reduced.

Heating

The sharp difference between the steam room and the dressing room is the main reason for the appearance of condensation. Therefore, experienced craftsmen strive to create the optimal temperature regime in each room. For this, the stove is used as a heat source.

There are several options:

Which method to choose is determined individually.