Why do grapes dry berries. Causes of drying grape brushes and measures to combat it

We all love to enjoy sweet, unusually tasty and fragrant grapes. With pleasure we drink juices made from it, and fine wines do not leave lovers of this drink indifferent. In addition to winegrowers, gardeners also grow crops on their personal plots. In general, the process of growing grapes is not too complicated, but there are some nuances here. For example, berries and even whole bunches often dry up on the vine, which is alarming for both amateur gardeners and experienced winegrowers. In some cases, it happens that most of the bunches of grapes dry out completely. Today we will try to figure out why this happens and how it can be prevented.

Why do grapes dry?

The defeat of vineyards by various pests and diseases causes serious damage to the vine. In fact, there are many reasons for the drying of grape brushes. Most often this is due to diseases that are caused by pathogenic fungi. Consider the most famous damage to this culture.

Mildew

The well-known disease of mildew grapes is very often the cause of drying of the brushes. Mildew brings especially great damage to this plant during flowering, single berries dry up first, and just before ripening grape brushes up to half. This is because the mildew fungus completely blocks the access of nutrients to the bunch. Please note: the photo below shows a bunch of grapes damaged by this fungus.

In order to prevent damage to plants, the entire vineyard should be treated with Kurzat, Ridomil, Ordan, Polyhom preparations. Processing must be carried out three times during the growing season - before flowering, after it, and when the berries reach the size of peas.

One of the most common fungal diseases is gray rot. It is found in almost any region where vineyards grow. Infection of plants occurs in the spring, the main reason for this is the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Its appearance is favored by a warm, humid environment. First, the disease affects the leaves and cuttings, a fluffy gray coating appears on them, which crumbles when shaken. It then spreads to the healthy parts of the vine. It brings the greatest harm to the fruits of grapes, which at this time begin to ripen or are already ripe. When infected with a fungus, the berries turn brown and quickly rot. Such fruits are strictly forbidden to eat.

The methods of dealing with this disease are simple: it is necessary to prune the vines and other parts of the plant that have been affected by the fungus, after which they must be burned. Currently, you can buy seedlings that have strong immunity to this disease.

Dry sleeve grapes

This vine disease is caused by the fungus Eutypa lata and is most common in vineyard regions where the climate is not too mild in winter. In those seasons that are characterized by high rainfall, it causes the greatest damage.

This one penetrates the tissues not only of grapes, but also of many other fruit and horticultural crops, all this complicates the fight against the manifestations of the disease and its further spread. Eutypa lata infects not only shoots, but also bunches of grapes. Most often, the disease affects already adult grape bushes that are older than 8 years. The symptoms of dry arms become most evident already in early summer, when the plant produces a growth of 20-25 cm.

Signs of the disease are that the leaves and shoots begin to lag behind in growth, their size and color differ significantly from healthy ones. First, the leaves dry on the vine, and then the affected shoots and brushes either dry out or completely stop growing and remain so until the end of the season.

Oidium (false sunburn)

This disease is often confused with sunburn. It causes drying of berries and bunches of grapes. What signs appear on the vine with oidium? A slightly noticeable coating of a white-gray hue appears on the grapes, which looks like a tan from the sun, soon the berries burst and dry out. If the vineyard is damaged by oidium, it is immediately treated with colloidal sulfur, this is done before the harvest begins.

buffalo leafhopper

A common cause of grape bunches drying up is this insect. It lives and breeds directly under the bush. Gives offspring once per summer season. The larvae, after turning into adults, rise from the grass onto the vine and cause irreparable damage. The cicada damages the shoots and scallops of the plant, after which the vineyard brush disappears. For the prevention and control of this insect, the vine is treated twice with "Benzophosphate", and all the grass under the bush is destroyed. It is recommended to plant onion or garlic in this place, it is believed that they will scare away the pest.

Other reasons

In addition to pests and fungal diseases, there are a number of mechanical causes. Most hybrid varieties have very large and heavy clusters. In the event that the brushes are bent, they stop receiving food, they dry out and die. To avoid this, the vine should be placed on supports and arches and try to properly load the vineyard.

The reasons for the drying of grape brushes include the following:

• insufficient watering;
• incorrect composition of the soil;
• lack of heat;
• weak illumination.

Preventive measures

It is unlikely that grape diseases can be completely avoided, but the risks can still be minimized. Try to buy seedlings only in specialized stores. This will prevent diseases for a period of 2-3 years.

Grapes need proper and regular care, which includes loosening the soil and timely watering. A prerequisite for growing grapes is the application of fertilizers, you can successfully use organic matter. Do not forget to inspect the vine for insects. If pests are found, it is very important to quickly treat with special preparations.

How to feed grapes

During the maturation of brushes, a completely different top dressing is required than during the growth period. Foliar application of vines in July promotes faster growth and maturation. You can learn more about plant nutrition and protection in the video below.

It is very important that the soil where the grapes are grown during its ripening period is saturated with nutrients. If you do not make timely top dressing, yields will only decrease with each subsequent year.

It is very disappointing when, at the very finish line, the grapes begin to wither brushes.There are several reasons for this phenomenon. You need to learn how to distinguish them from each other in order to save the harvest of berries.

Sunburn

The most common cause of wilting of berries in the vineyard is their sunburn. It operates differently. Sometimes the berries just burn in the sun, in which case they turn brown and taste like fermented.Sometimes they just fade slightly without changing color. True, this does not make it any easier either: their taste changes, a fermented aftertaste appears.Such grapes are no longer suitable for sale and for food.

To save the harvest, contrary to the recommendations, the bunches are not lightened, and even stepchildren are specially left in the area where the brushes are located.

Mildew

This disease causes the greatest damage to the crop during flowering, when whole bunches of grapes dry out. Then, due to the mildew, individual berries dry out, and before ripening, parts of the clusters may dry out.Usually the lower third or half of the bunch wilts.The reason is simple - the fungus blocks the supply of food through the bunch, and below the site of the lesion, all the berries wither.

To prevent this from happening, the bushes are sprayed from mildew three times: before flowering, after and on "peas".It is better to use systemic copper-containing drugs - Ridomil, Ordan, Kurzat, Polyhom, Acrobat.

oidium

It can also cause wilting and drying of berries.Although it is more often disguised as sunburn, when a barely noticeable grayish-white coating appears on the berries, as if sunburn. After that, the berry either bursts or wilts.

It is easier with oidium: that you can fight it right up to harvest using colloidal sulfur or Thiovit.The only difficulty is that these preparations cause burns on grapes at temperatures above 35 ° C.

Moisture deficiency

Grapes are considered drought-resistant plants.He really tolerates drought well, but sometimes reacts to it by shrinking clusters. Berries due to lack of water decrease in size and dry out. Some bunches may dry out completely.

Usually grapes during ripening are not watered until the harvest is complete. But in dry weather, watering is still necessary.

Interestingly, grapes react this way not only to a lack, but also to an excess of moisture. In wetlands, clusters also wilt, similar to moisture deficiency.

Harvest overload

If too many brushes are left on the bushes, they can also begin to wither without picking up sugar. Therefore, it is important not to be greedy, remove extra clusters and carefully regulate the load of bushes with a crop.

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Many gardeners grow grapes on their plot, which is a real treasure in terms of the content of useful vitamins and minerals that our body needs so much. They are not stopped even by the many difficulties they face, including the manifestation of various diseases. As a result, the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off. In this regard, it is important to understand why the grapes dry up and determine the main reasons before it is too late.

When breeding grapes, it is necessary to take into account many factors and features for its normal development and growth. To save the crop, it is necessary to determine the reasons why the cuttings and leaves of the plant dry and what to do in this case. Many factors can influence this. In this regard, the methods of struggle can also be different.

Causes

In order to choose the right method for treating grapes, it is necessary to understand the reason why its leaves and cuttings dry. Depending on this, it will become clear what to do next. Berry culture does not tolerate low temperatures, so those who live in the northern regions are most often faced with grape diseases.

Many gardeners cover bushes for the winter to protect them from the cold. But in some cases, it can do more harm than good. Under such protection, the air, as a rule, stagnates, and this leads to an increase in the level of humidity. In such favorable conditions, with poor ventilation, various fungi begin to appear and actively multiply.

A berry can catch an infection if elementary rules are not followed:
incorrect composition of the soil;

• insufficient watering;
• little light;
• lack of heat.

This leads not only to the fall of leaves and fruits, but also significantly weakens the plant itself.

A diseased plant can pose a serious threat to still healthy bushes, since fungi, viruses and bacteria are carried by the wind. In some cases, the problem is solved by replacing the affected plants with more resistant varieties. If you do not take any action, you can lose the entire vineyard. The most common fungal and viral diseases are, and others.

Little nitrogen

Another most common reason why vine cuttings dry out is insufficient nitrogen in the soil. This manifests itself as follows - the leaves begin to gradually lighten, and then dry completely. The way out of this situation will be the introduction. You can use special formulations purchased from a store or fertilize the land with cow or chicken manure.

Pests

Uninvited small guests can also be the reason why grape leaves and cuttings dry. Among the most frequent visitors, other insects can be noted. Some of them are so small that they can only be seen under a magnifying glass. If these pests are found, it is necessary to immediately treat the plant with insecticides. If ticks are found, they must be dealt with with acaricides. You can recognize them by their yellow-red hue, and their habitats mainly fall on the lower part of the leaves.

Some of the most dangerous diseases

The reasons why the cuttings and grape leaves dry up lie not only in improper care. This may be due to diseases, among which there are the most dangerous.

Chlorosis

In addition to poor climatic conditions, grape cuttings with leaves can dry out due to a plant being damaged by some disease. The most dangerous of them is considered. It appears when the soil is rich in carbonate compounds. The disease manifests itself in the form of yellowing of the soft parts of the leaves, which fall off over time. And if new leaves grow in their place, then they are much smaller and very thin. In advanced cases, the disease has a bad effect on the fruits themselves - they become noticeably smaller. Chlorosis affects not only cuttings and leaves, the plant suffers completely.

The peak of the disease occurs in spring or in the second half of summer. As a good prevention of the disease, a regular procedure for loosening the soil is necessary. This helps to evaporate excess moisture and improve air exchange in the soil.

Spring Fever

The most common fungal disease is, which is found in almost any region where grapes are grown. Infection occurs in the spring, and the reason why the leaves turn yellow and dry is the fungus Botrytis cinerea. A warm and humid environment is a favorable condition for its occurrence.
First of all, the disease affects the cuttings and leaves, on which you can see a gray fluffy coating. If you shake them a little, it crumbles. As a result, the fungus quickly spreads to healthy parts of the plant. Particularly strong goes to the fruits of grapes, which are just beginning to ripen or are already ripe.

Under the influence of the fungus, the berries become brown and quickly rot. And such fruits are no longer suitable for consumption.
Fighting the disease is easy. To do this, it is necessary to cut and burn all the affected parts of the plant. Then the bush should be sprayed with a solution of baking soda at the rate of a teaspoon per liter of water. Liquid green soap works too. But the best way out is to purchase seedlings resistant to this disease, which are already available.

Despite the danger, the fungus can be beneficial.

When a fungus infects a berry on the eve of harvesting, this makes it possible to produce elite-class dessert wines (Tokay, Sauternes). Due to the action of the fungus, the skin of grapes is quickly destroyed. This helps to increase the level of sugar in the fruit juice. Therefore, in some cases, the fungus is applied to the bunches intentionally.

The most dangerous fungus

Another dangerous fungal disease is named -, which is known but to anyone who grows grapes. The affected plant is immediately visible - spots can be seen on the leaves that acquire a pale yellow or light green tint. Over time, these spots increase, and their color
it changes from light and green to red. At the same time, powdery white bloom can be seen on the underside of the leaves.

The fungus "moves" very quickly, rapidly forming new spores, and infects neighboring plants. In addition to the leaves, the berries, stem and roots are at risk.
It is necessary to fight such a disease even before the first signs of infection appear, in order to avoid loss of childbirth. First of all, grapes need to be planted in suitable conditions. That is, the place should be well ventilated and located away from the lowlands, where moisture usually accumulates. Regular watering, bait, loosening the soil, mulching are good prevention against this disease. It also does not interfere with the chemical treatment of the plant. Planting dill around grapes also helps.

If the plant is already infected, then you can spray it with a Bordeaux mixture (1%) or Ridomil-Gold. Spraying should be stopped only 30 days before harvest. In general, if frequent cases of damage to mildew plants are noticed in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bresidence, choose plant varieties resistant to this disease.

red disease

Rubella has been known since the beginning of grape cultivation. It is usually non-infectious and usually occurs during hot weather, which is more common in July. The leaves turn a bright red hue, which indicates a lack of potassium. The situation can be corrected by the timely application of potassium nitrate (1%). If nothing is done, then the grapes will die, and then there can be no question of any harvest.

Rubella of an infectious nature is acquired through exposure to the ascomycete marsupial fungus. You can fight the infection chemically using fungicides. The main thing is that the harmful effects of these drugs be safe for people and animals. Some agents affect only the affected parts of the plant themselves (Rovral, Omayt). Others affect the entire plant as a whole (Kvadris, Bayleton, Fundazol). And there are those that differ in the combined combination of the first two types of drugs (Carbis Top, Gold, Reed).

Biological agents are not toxic, but have a short effect. For this reason, they are good only at the initial stage of fungal infection. Among many biological products, Gaupsin has proven itself well, the effectiveness of which is 90% and lasts for two weeks. At the same time, it is completely safe for both humans and all animals and insects.
Along with these methods, the timely removal and burning of damaged parts of the plant, cutting off excess branches and leaves, and other preventive measures help.

Preventive measures

It will not be possible to completely protect grapes from the occurrence of diseases, but all risks can be minimized. So what should be done? First of all, it is worth buying shoots only in specialized stores where healthy seedlings are sold. This will avoid illness during the first 2-3 years.

Grapes do not tolerate neglect, they need regular and proper care, which includes regular watering and loosening the soil. This contributes to normal air exchange in the soil.

Fertilization is also a must. It is not at all necessary to purchase expensive compounds, it is enough to use natural fertilizers (cow or chicken manure).

It is necessary to regularly inspect the plant and, if insects are found, treat it in a timely manner with special compounds.

During the inspection, you can cut off excess branches and leaves, which also improves air exchange and protects against fungi.

Conclusion

As you can understand, there are many reasons why grapes dry out. Mostly this happens due to the defeat of some disease. Therefore, before you start growing this garden crop, you should take a closer look at resistant plant varieties, which will avoid the harmful effects of various fungi and bacteria. In our time, in almost any city of such varieties bred in sufficient quantities. Therefore, there will be no problems with the acquisition of seedlings or seeds.

But if grapes are regularly looked after and measures are taken in a timely manner, then no diseases are terrible for him. In this case, a good harvest will be all year round.

Grapes in cultivation are not particularly difficult. But still, in order to obtain large and beautiful fruits, it is necessary to follow some rules, to properly care for the culture. But sometimes a situation arises that, it seems, the gardener adheres to all the recommendations, and the grapes bear fruit poorly or do not produce a crop at all. When asked why the grapes do not bear fruit - what to do in this case, the article will tell.

Many novice gardeners are faced with the problem that fruits do not form on the grapes.

There are many factors that cause poor yields or the complete absence of ovaries.

And it is important to correctly determine why the vine does not produce berries. Consider the most common reasons.

Often, activities carried out in the past year are the reason that the culture does not bear fruit. After all, the laying of abilities for a rich harvest occurs in the fall. It all depends on the quality of the fertilizer, shelter for the winter, the formation of the bush. The previous year is a guarantee of a good harvest for the next year.

What is the reason for shedding berries?

Shedding ovaries is the biggest problem for gardeners.

Sometimes grapes bloom, but after flowering, the fruits for some reason crumble. There are many factors that cause poor fruit set on the vine. It is worth exploring the most common.

This is why grapes fall off after flowering most often:

Why do grapes dry out?

The question of why the grape brushes dry - what to do to prevent this worries most inexperienced gardeners. After all, this crop is grown in order to obtain a good harvest. Drying of berries, leaves, shoots occurs at different stages of the growing season. This can happen after the formation of the ovary, and when the fruits ripen.

Sometimes desiccation is accompanied by a number of other symptoms. For example, spots appear on the leaves, they dry out, the shoots become covered with bloom, break, etc. Only by studying the picture in full, there is a chance to correctly determine the reason why the grapes dry in the country.

To understand why the bunches of grapes dry - what the gardener should do in this case, we will determine the most common reasons:

Why are the berries small?

If there is a pea of ​​grapes - what to do to resume good yields? It all depends on how correctly the cause of such a state of the bush will be identified, and how quickly and competently it will be eliminated. Growing grapes implies the formation of too small berries.

This is why small grapes are formed:

• Lack of pollination. More often, this reason begins to manifest itself even at the flowering stage. Flowers and ovaries fall off.
• Shrub overload. This is especially true of hybrid forms of the vine. For them, timely and correct pruning is extremely important.
• The tendency of the variety to pea.

To avoid the appearance of small berries on the fruit bush, you should properly grow and care for the plant. It is also desirable to choose varieties that are resistant to this process.
And this is Augustine and Arcadia. Varieties with a female type of flower are prone to pea, so it is better not to plant them. Of the bisexual peas, it was noticed in such varieties: Muscat summer, Taiga, Timur.

Grapes are the favorite culture of gardeners, as they are easy to care for, and the fruits are tasty and healthy. Even with proper planting of seedlings and with proper care, a horticultural crop may not please you with a bountiful harvest every year. You may encounter such a problem as wilting of leaves, berries, brushes.

In this article, you will learn why bunches of grapes wither and dry out, as well as what measures will help prevent this process.

Under some circumstances, it can dry from half to the entire crop

Establishing causes

In order to timely stop the process of drying grapes, it is important to determine the causes. Common reasons include:

• Lots of ultraviolet.
• Mildew defeat.
• False sunburn or oidium.
• Insufficient amount of moisture.
• The weight of the grapes.
• The defeat of gray rot.
• Chlorosis damage.
• Insufficient soil fertilization.
• Invasion of pests.

Growers must be able to distinguish the causes in order to properly organize the process of restoring the vineyard. To do this, we will characterize each of the reasons.

Sunburn causes gradual drying of berries

Lots of ultraviolet light

A large amount of ultraviolet radiation forms a burn, which affects not only the clusters, but also the leaves and berries. Sunburn can be of several degrees, and with a slight lesion, growers may not determine the cause in time. It is important to pay attention not only to the color of the berries, but also to their taste. With a severe burn, the berries will change color, with a mild or moderate burn, the berries retain their color, but the taste changes regardless of the level of damage.

Ultraviolet damage is a common cause, it is recommended not to lighten the clusters, to leave stepchildren in the area where the brushes are located.

Mildew Defeat

A terrible disease, which is the reason why bunches of grapes wither and dry out, is mildew fungus. The disease begins to actively attack at the time of flowering of the grapes.

Mildew grapes make the harvest completely unusable

Mildew affects both individual parts of the vineyard: berries, brushes, and whole bunches. The disease is dangerous because the infected area blocks the access of food, moisture to healthy areas, the horticultural crop begins to dry. In order to avoid defeat, it is recommended to use the drugs "Ridomil", "Ordan", "Polyhom". Prevention should be carried out three times: before flowering, at the flowering stage, a month before harvesting.

Tip: In order to get a good harvest, choose the right variety that matches the area where you live. The earth needs to be fertilized, loosened, watered normally. Plant dill near the vineyard.

False sunburn or oidium

Even an experienced grower does not always correctly determine why the bunches of grapes wither, and this also affects the methods of struggle. It is important to correctly determine what affects the vineyards - sunburn or oidium. As with a large amount of ultraviolet light, the berries are affected, they acquire a gray coating, and the clusters begin to dry out. You can fight oidium before the harvesting stage. It is recommended to use colloidal sulfur.

Oidium grape completely destroys bunches

It is important to take into account that a number of products, and sulfur too, have a negative effect on vineyards at air temperatures above thirty-five degrees.

Not enough moisture

Vine growers love horticultural crops because they do not require special care, tolerate drought well, and do not require drinking plenty of water. But, this is not a sign that the grapes do not need to be watered, since the lack of moisture in the soil can cause the clusters to dry out. In the absence of water, the entire vineyard suffers, and the leaves and berries become sour in taste and decrease in size. The brushes may dry out completely. If the summer is humid, then you can water the vineyards after harvest. During periods of drought, abundant watering should be organized frequently.

The lack of moisture is manifested both on the leaves and on the berries.

An interesting fact: if the vineyard is located in a wetland, then the brushes can also wither, as with a lack of moisture.

The preponderance of the bunches

A large amount of harvest, berries, can be the reason why vineyards wither. It is important that there are not many brushes on the bushes, because there will be an uneven distribution of sugar. Extra clusters are recommended to be removed, to control the load on the bush.

But productive varieties need to normalize the number of clusters

Gray rot damage

A common disease that affects vineyards in the spring is gray rot. Spring is a period with high humidity and warm air, and this is the optimal environment for the development of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Gray rot completely covers the bushes, and it is recommended to start the fight at the first sign. Healthy areas do not receive moisture, minerals, bushes begin to dry. This dangerous disease, which is the reason why the bushes wither and dry, does not have effective ways to fight.

Gray rot is a dangerous bacterial disease

Since the affected areas need to be cut and burned, and this, with an untimely struggle, leads to the destruction of a whole bush or a number of vineyards.

Botrytis cinerea is found in all regions, it is important for winegrowers to do preventive maintenance of horticultural crops. To do this, dilute a small spoonful of soda in one liter of water, spray the bushes with a solution. There is also a positive side to the fungus. If you need to get elite wine, then the fungus is applied to the fruits on purpose, because the disease increases the level of sugar in the berry.

Defeat by chlorosis

If there is a large amount of carbonate in the soil, chlorosis occurs, which becomes the reason why the grape bushes dry. The disease actively develops in early spring and in the second half of the summer period. The whole bush suffers from chlorosis.

Chlorosis of grapes can cause drying of ripe bunches

Insufficient soil fertilization

With an insufficient amount of nitrogen in the soil, the bushes will begin to dry out. Initially, the leaves suffer, they acquire a light shade, and the clusters dry up. In order to prevent wilting, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with chemicals that contain nitrogen or chicken or cow manure.

Pest Invasion

Insects are a common cause. Vineyards are affected by aphids and spider mites.

Phyloxera mite on grape roots

The size of the pests is small, it is difficult to see them with the naked eye, and this will not allow you to determine the invasion in time and choose the right way to fight. If you see that insects are spoiling the bushes, use injections. To combat spider mites, it is recommended to use acaricides.