Serbia. Geography of Serbia

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The Republic of Serbia is a state of Central and South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland. Serbia area - 88,361 sq. km. In the north, Serbia borders with Hungary, in the northeast with Romania, in the east with Bulgaria, in the south with the former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest with Albania and Montenegro, in the west with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. The largest cities are Belgrade, Novi Sad, Pristina, Nish. The largest lakes in Serbia: Djerdap Lake, White Lake. The official languages of Serbia are Serbian. General information

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As in most countries with a young geological history, there are no large coal and iron ore basins in Serbia. At the same time, the dynamism of mountain-building processes led to a very variegated mineralization of the country's bowels and determined a very diverse composition of minerals. It is distinguished primarily by deposits of non-ferrous metal ores. Their main deposits are associated here with igneous rocks of the Mesozoic and Tertiary times and rocks of volcanic activity in later periods. Natural conditions and resources

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Among the natural wealth of Serbia, mineral springs are of considerable value. Balneological resorts have been created on the basis of the most valuable sources with a large water flow, especially where other natural factors are also favorable (there are therapeutic muds, the area is distinguished by good climatic data, picturesque landscape).

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An indicator of the activity of Serbia's foreign policy is the presence of diplomatic and consular missions in 64 countries of the world. It is a member of the UN, OSCE, EBRD, etc., and also participates in the NATO Partnership for Peace program and many other similar projects. Relations with neighboring countries Their comprehensive development and strengthening is also a priority for Serbia. However, despite this, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Bulgaria, the former Yugoslav Macedonia and Montenegro recognized the independence of Kosovo. Greece has remained true to its historically friendly relations with Serbia and does not recognize Kosovo. Country politics

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Population According to the 2002 census, the total population of Serbia is 9,396,411. They are divided by provinces as follows: Vojvodina: 2,116,725 Central Serbia: 5,479,686 Kosovo: 1,800,000 Most of the inhabitants in the state are Serbs, but there are many representatives of ethnic minorities living next to them. The most notable of them are Albanians (who live mainly in Kosovo), Hungarians, Bosnians, Croats, Gypsies, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Romanians. Vojvodina, located in the north of the country, is distinguished by the greatest diversity of living peoples. Here, besides the Serbs, there are Hungarians, Slovaks, Croats, Montenegrins, Romanians, Macedonians, Gypsies... Part of the population defines their nationality as "Yugoslavs". There are also small communities of Ukrainians and Pannonian Rusyns here. General characteristics of the population

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Population 7 310 555 Male population 3 564 683 Female population 3 745 872 Population density 82.7 persons per km2 Sex ratio 0.952 males per 1 woman Urban population 56.0% of total population Urbanization rate 0.6% per year Rural population 44.0 % of total population Average age of the population 41.3 years Average age of the male population 39.6 years Average age of the female population 43.1 years Life expectancy at birth, male 71.5 years Life expectancy at birth, female 77.3 years Map of Serbian districts by population density

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Ethnic composition: Serbs - 83%, Hungarians - 4%, Bosniaks - 2%, Roma - 1.5% Religious composition: Orthodox (Serbian Orthodox Church) 85%, Catholics 5.5%, Protestants 1.1%, Muslims 3 .2%, undecided 2.6%, others.

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Minerals include lignite and brown coal, oil, ores of copper, lead and zinc, uranium, and bauxite. In the manufacturing industry, the leading place is occupied by mechanical engineering and metalworking (machine tool building, transport, including automobile, and agricultural engineering, electrical and radio-electronic industries). Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy (smelting of copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, etc.), chemical, pharmaceutical, and woodworking industries are developed. The textile, leather and footwear, food industries are developed. The main branch of agriculture is crop production. Cereals (mainly corn and wheat), sugar beets, sunflowers, hemp, tobacco, potatoes and vegetables are grown. Fruit growing (the world's largest supplier of prunes) and viticulture are also developed. Cattle, pigs, sheep are bred, there is poultry farming. Raw materials and semi-finished products, consumer and food products, machinery and industrial equipment are exported Industry of Serbia

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Automotive Industry Great experience. In addition to passenger cars manufactured by the FIAT-Zastava plant, there are five other car manufacturers in Serbia whose activities are focused on the production of commercial vehicles, trucks and buses. This large industry is supported by more than 70 suppliers of auto parts, various materials and semi-finished products. Many well-known automotive suppliers have set up production in Serbia due to having a skilled and cost-effective labor force and excellent conditions for exporting a set of equipment to the European Union or Russia. The development of the production of components in Serbia is confirmed by the growth in turnover from 357 million euros in 2005 to 830 million euros in 2008. The clients of Serbian companies in this industry are PSA Peugeot Citroen, General Motors, Mercedes, BMW , Avtovaz, UAZ, Kamaz, Deawoo.

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Railways are one of the main modes of transport in the country, connecting all its major cities and connecting Serbia with many European countries. The main railway branch is stretched from the northwest to the southeast: the border with Hungary - Subotica - Novi Sad - Belgrade - Lapovo - Nish, then branches: Nish - Presevo - the border with Macedonia and Nish - Dimitrovgrad - the border with Bulgaria. Four more lines depart from this main direction. Highways Serbian roads are based on modern expressways (Serb. Autoput), the first of which, the Brotherhood and Unity highway, was opened in 1950 and connected Belgrade and Zagreb at that time, and was later expanded to Ljubljana and Skopje. In the 21st century, the motorway network is gradually expanding. In 2011, their total length was 180 km. Transport in Serbia

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Water transport Belgrade port (Serb. Luka Beograd) is located on the right bank of the Danube near its confluence with the Sava River in close proximity to the city center on an area of 250 hectares. Located at the intersection of two water transport arteries (the so-called pan-European river corridors) and is an important transport and trade hub of pan-European significance. Air transport The largest airport in the country, serving both international and domestic flights, is Belgrade's Nikola Tesla Airport. The second largest international airport of Constantine the Great is located in Nis. Pristina's Slatina airport also operates, but it is not controlled by the Serbian authorities and is the only international airport in the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. There is also a plan to transfer the Kraljevo-Ladzhevtsi airbase (English) Russian. to co-base. The first civil flight took place at the Kralevo airfield in 2007.

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Crop production provides about 60% of agricultural products. The main agricultural regions are in Serbia - the p. Morava and the Middle Danube Plain. They grow wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, sugar beets, hemp, sunflowers, and potatoes. Horticulture and viticulture are developed. The main fruit crop is plum. They grow plums, figs, pomegranates, almonds, citrus fruits, olives, and grapes. Serbia has ideal natural conditions for fruit growing. Its land is still one of the cleanest in Europe, at the same time, most of the fruits are grown in ideal conditions, harvested by hand, carefully stored and packaged. Growing fruits, Serbs focus on quality and taste. Serbia's excellent climate and rich land resources create unique opportunities for growing vegetables. Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry are bred. In Montenegro, the main direction of agriculture is mountain and pasture animal husbandry (sheep, cattle). Serbian agriculture

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Strong service base. A look at Serbia's trade balance in services leads to the conclusion that services of a professional and technical nature make up about 20% of Serbia's exports in this area. This indicates that the level of development and internationalization of the service sector in Serbia is quite high, creating conditions for a faster and more dynamic development of the service sector and business process outsourcing. With regard to investments, namely the total volume of FDI in the field of financial intermediation, which includes services, representatives of this sector expect a large inflow and an increase in the share of total FDI (in 2008 - 66%), which confirms the huge potential of the entire service sector . Service sector of Serbia

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Affordable and productive workforce. The amount of investment in the community service sector is still low, thus providing ample opportunity for further development. The market is still untapped as only a small number of companies are capitalizing on this opportunity. Given the high unemployment rate, recruiting young graduates and students, especially those under the age of 30, is no big deal. Educated people who are fluent in foreign languages. The labor force in Serbia has been tested more than once. It has a strong skill base as well as a business culture that has developed from strong cultural and business ties to the West. The level of multilingualism in the country is amazing, especially the knowledge of English, which is not typical of most countries in Central and Eastern Europe. People are well prepared, highly productive in their work and ready to work hard. In addition, various government-sponsored training and development programs create a pool of skilled labor that ensures a steady stream of ready-to-work personnel. Excellent timing. Serbia is located in the heart of Central and Eastern Europe, in the same time zone as most Western European countries (GMT +1), thus providing obvious advantages compared to regions such as India

SERBIA (Srbuja, Srbija) Republic of Serbia, as part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in the Danube basin. Formally, it includes autonomous regions - Vojvodina and Kosovo.

The area is 88.4 thousand km2. The population is 9.8 million people (2004), including Serbs - 65.4%. The population of Central Serbia proper without autonomous regions is 5.65 million people. The capital is Belgrade.

Oil production. Large non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, textile, leather and footwear, food industries. Agriculture grain and livestock direction.

The territory of Serbia was inhabited by Slavs in the 6th-7th centuries. In the 12th century a large state is created (from 1217 - a kingdom). The defeat of the Serbian-Bosnian army in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to the establishment of the Ottoman yoke in Serbia. The first Serbian uprising of 1804-1813 marked the beginning of the restoration of the Serbian state. The second Serbian uprising of 1815 created the basis for the subsequent struggle for liberation. With the support of Russia, Serbia received in 1830-1833 the status of an autonomous principality, by the decision of the Berlin Congress of 1878 - complete independence and significantly expanded its territory (since 1882 Serbia - the kingdom).

Serbia is a participant in the Balkan wars of 1912-1913. In 1915-1918 it was occupied by Austro-Hungarian troops. In 1918, most of the Yugoslav lands of the former Austria-Hungary united with Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 - Yugoslavia). In 1941 Serbia was occupied by Germany. In October 1944, Serbia was liberated by Yugoslav troops and the Soviet Army. Since November 1945 Serbia has been part of Yugoslavia. After the collapse of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1991 and the withdrawal of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (in April 1992, a new constitution of the FRY was adopted). After the fight against the separatists in Kosovo, Serbia in 1999 was bombed by NATO countries, and economic sanctions were imposed against it. Kosovo was actually torn away from the country, NATO and US troops were sent there.

In 2006, in Montenegro, which is part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, an independence referendum was held, in which over 55% of the population voted for secession from Yugoslavia.

Serbia has its own constitution, parliament (assembly) and government.

The monetary unit is the Yugoslav dinar.

Serbia in terms of area (88,361 sq. km.) ranks 113th in the world. In the north, Serbia borders with Hungary, in the northeast with Romania, in the east with Bulgaria, in the south with the former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest with Albania and Montenegro, in the west with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of its borders is 2,027 km (with Romania 476 km, with Bulgaria 318 km, with Macedonia 221 km, with Montenegro 203 km, with Albania 115 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, with Croatia 241 km, with Hungary 151 km). There are 6,167 registered settlements in Serbia, of which 207 are urban. Arable lands occupy 19.194 km2, forests - 19.499 km2 (excluding Kosovo).

Extreme points - Northern: 46°11` N (near Haidukovo), South: 41°52` N (near Dragash in Kosovo), East: 23°01` E (Haymaking, near Dimitrovgrad), Western: 18°51`E (near Bezdan in Vojvodina). 80 percent of the territory of Serbia is located on the Balkan Peninsula, 20 percent is occupied by the Pannonian lowland. The length of the borders is 2,027 km (with Romania - 476 km, with Bulgaria - 318 km, with Macedonia - 221 km, with Montenegro - 203 km, with Albania - 115 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 302 km, with Croatia - 241 km , with Hungary - 151 km).

The north of Serbia is dominated by plains. 15 Serbian mountains are over 2,000 meters above sea level. There are 4 mountain systems in Serbia. The Dinaric Highlands occupies a large area in the west, stretching from the northwest to the southeast. Stara Planina and the East Serbian Mountains are to the east, separated from the Dinaric Highlands by the Morava River. In the south there are ancient mountains - part of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia - Mount Jeravica (2656 meters)

Relief of Serbia

The relief of Serbia is varied. In Vojvodina - fertile plains. In the southeast are ancient mountains. Central Serbia is dominated by hills and low mountains.

Mountains occupy most of Central Serbia and Kosovo. There are 4 mountain systems in Serbia. The Dinaric Highlands occupies a large area in the west, stretching from the northwest to the southeast. Stara Planina and the East Serbian Mountains are to the east, separated from the Dinaric Highlands by the Morava River. In the south there are ancient mountains - part of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia - Mount Jeravica (2656 m)

Serbian inland waters

Most of Serbia (81.646 km2, 92.4%) belongs to the Danube basin, which is 588 km long in Serbia. 5% - to the Adriatic Sea basin, 3% - to the Aegean Sea basin. The length of the Danube in Serbia is 588 km, it borders with Romania and Croatia. The main tributaries of the Danube in Serbia are the Tisa (flowing from the north), the Sava (from the west), the Drina (from the south, the natural border with Bosnia and Herzegovina), the Morava (from the south, entirely in Serbia).

Statistical indicators of Serbia
(as of 2012)

In addition to the Danube, the navigable rivers are the Sava (206 km), Tisza (168 km), Begei (75 km), partially navigable - Velika Morava (3 km out of 185 km) and Tamish (3 km out of 101 km). Other major rivers are the West Morava (308 km), the South Morava (295 km), the Ibar (272 km), the Drina (220 km) and the Timok (202 km). Part of the south of Serbia belongs to the basin of the rivers Beli Dream and Radik (4.771 km, 5.4%), which flow into the Adriatic. Basins of the rivers Pchinya. Lepenac and Dragovishtitsa belong to the Aegean Sea basin. A number of artificial canals have also been built in Serbia, which are used for flood protection, irrigation, etc. Their total length is 939.2 km, of which 385.9 km are used for navigation of ships with a tonnage of up to 1000 tons. The largest canal system is the Danube-Tisa-Danube. The largest lake in Serbia is Lake Djerdap. The largest natural lake is White Lake. The largest island in Serbia is located on the Danube near Kostolets. There are also waterfalls in Serbia, the largest is Yelovarnik (71 meters), it is located in the Kopaonik National Park.

The abundance of relatively unpolluted surface waters and many sources of underground natural mineral waters provide an opportunity for export and economic development. However, the widespread use and production of bottled water has only recently begun. Serbia has great geothermal potential.

Natural lakes in Serbia are small and rare. Most of them are located in Vojvodina. But in Serbia there are many reservoirs. The largest of them are Djerdap on the Danube, Perucac on the Drina.

Climate of Serbia

In Serbia - temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean. In the central regions of the country, it is always somewhat cooler than on the coast, and the influence of subalpine factors is more noticeable. In the coastal region, summer is usually long, hot (+23-25 C) and rather dry, winter is short and cool (+3-7 C). The mountainous regions have moderately warm summers (+19-25 C) and relatively cold (+5 to -10 C), snow-rich winters. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, more than 3000 mm falls in places.

The best time to visit the country is from May to September-October. The tourist season usually starts in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 C to +26 C, so the swimming season is equal in duration to the tourist one.

Serbia is located on the Balkan Peninsula, surrounded by warm seas - the Adriatic, Aegean and Black. To the north of Serbia is the European continent. Another important factor that determines the Serbian climate is the topography. Serbia has a continental climate in the north, a temperate continental climate in the south, and a mountainous climate in the mountainous regions. Winters in Serbia are short, cold and snowy, summers are warm. The coldest month is January, the warmest is July. The average temperature is 10.9° C. The average annual rainfall is 896 mm. Rains most often fall in June and May.

The strongest winds are: Koshava (cold and dry wind in the north of the country), Severac (cold and dry north wind), Moravac (cold and dry north wind blowing in the Morava river valley), South wind (warm and dry south wind blowing in the Morava river valley). Southwest wind (warm and humid, blowing from the Adriatic mainly in Western Serbia).

Flora and fauna of Serbia

The flora and fauna are very rich. Four-fifths of the forest area is deciduous and one-fifth is coniferous. Bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, hares, wild goats, fallow deer, moufflons, lynxes, deer, martens, chamois live within Serbia ... The bird world is also diverse: out of 666 species of birds found in Europe, 508 species live in Serbia, and among them are eagles, falcons, pheasants, partridges, wild ducks, marsh snipe and other marsh birds. Rivers, lakes, canals, ponds abound with different types of fish: carp, pike perch, sturgeon, catfish, sterlet, pike, trout, mackerel…

Population of Serbia

Population - 7.82 million people (in 2008) (in 1991 - 9.79 million people); including: in Central Serbia - 5.82 million, in Vojvodina - 2 million. 52% of the population lives in cities.

During the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991-1995, several hundred thousand refugees from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived in Serbia. In 1999, there was a large wave of emigration of Albanians from Kosovo, and in 2000-2001, the emigration of Kosovo Serbs. The population is dominated by Serbs (62 percent) and Albanians (17 percent). Serbia is also home to Montenegrins (5 percent), Hungarians (3 percent) and a number of national minorities. Before the outbreak of hostilities in 1999, Serbs made up 85 per cent of the population of Serbia proper, 54 per cent in Vojvodina and 13 per cent in Kosovo; Hungarians and Croats are numerous minorities in Vojvodina.

The official language of the country is Serbian. In Vojvodina, Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Ruthenian are also spoken. In Kosovo and Metohija, the official languages are Serbian and Albanian.

According to the 2002 census, excluding Kosovo: Orthodox - 6,371,584 people. (85.0% of the population), Catholics - 410,976 people. (5.5% of the population), Muslims - 239,658 people. (3.2%), Protestants - 80,837 people. (1.1% of the population). Jehovah's Witnesses - 3871 people (0.05% of the population) as of 2009

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/

The Republic of Serbia is a state of Central and South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland. Serbia square sq. km. In the north, Serbia borders on Hungary, in the northeast on Romania, in the east on Bulgaria, in the south on the former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest on Albania and Montenegro, in the west on Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. The largest cities are Belgrade, Novi Sad, Pristina, Nish. The largest lakes in Serbia: Djerdap Lake, White Lake. The official languages of Serbia are Serbian.

Population human Male population human Female female population human Population density 82.7 persons per km2 Male sex ratio per woman Urban population 56.0% of the total population Urbanization rate 0.6% per year Rural population 44.0% of the total population Median age population 41.3 years Average age of the male population 39.6 years Average age of the female population 43.1 years Life expectancy at birth, men 71.5 years Life expectancy at birth, women 77.3 years Map of Serbian districts by population density

Railways are one of the main modes of transport in the country, connecting all its major cities and connecting Serbia with many European countries. The main railway line stretches from northwest to southeast: border with Hungary Subotica Novi Sad Belgrade Lapovo Nis, further branches: Nis Presevo border with Macedonia and Nis Dimitrovgrad border with Bulgaria. Four more lines depart from this main direction. Highways Serbian highways are based on modern expressways (Serb. Autoput), the first of which was the Brotherhood and Unity Highway, which was opened in 1950 and connected Belgrade and Zagreb at that time, and was later expanded to Ljubljana and Skopje. In the 21st century, the motorway network is gradually expanding. In 2011, their total length was 180 km.

Economic and geographical position

Serbia is located in the central region of the Balkan Peninsula and in the southern regions of the Pannonian Lowland in southeastern Europe. The borders of the country stretched from west to east from the river. Drina to the river. Timok.

Serbia borders on:

Hungary (in the north);
Macedonia (in the south);
Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia (in the west);
Albania and Montenegro (in the southwest);
Bulgaria (in the east);
Romania (in the northeast).

Serbia is divided into historical and geographical regions:

Serbia proper,
Voevodyno,
Kosovo and Metohija.

The state has no access to the sea. The total area of the territory is 88.361 sq. km. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. Largest cities: Novi Sad, Nis, Pristina.

Most of the state lies on the territory of fertile valleys and intermountain plains. The central territories of Serbia are represented by the Šumadija hills. In the north are the fertile plains of Vojvodino. The Rocky Mountains and the Kosovo Plateau extend to the southeast. The Dinaric highlands are rubbed from the northwest to the southeast. The East Serbian Mountains and Stara Planina are separated from the highlands in the east by the Morava River. In the south there are mountain ranges - parts of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia belongs to the Prokletije mountain range - the peak of Jeravitsa (2656 m).

Remark 1

The country is crossed by transport routes connecting Central and Western Europe with the Middle East, Africa and Asia. The Danube provides links to Europe and the Black Sea.

The country has a developed manufacturing industry (metalworking, mechanical engineering), metallurgical, pharmaceutical, chemical, woodworking, leather and footwear, textile, food industries, crop production, viticulture, animal husbandry, and poultry farming.

natural conditions

The climate is temperate continental with cold and snowy winters and warm summers. On the Adriatic coast, the climate is Mediterranean.

Climatic conditions in the central regions are somewhat cooler than on the coast. In coastal areas, winters are mild and cool with temperatures from +3º C to +7º C. Summers are long, dry and hot with temperatures from +23º C to +25º C.

Summer in mountainous areas is moderately warm (+19º C - +25º C), winter is abundant in snow, relatively cold (+5º C to -10º C).

The average annual rainfall is 500-1500 mm. Most of the rain falls in May-June. Near the sea coast in the mountains, precipitation can fall more than 3000 mm per year.

A characteristic feature of Serbia is the presence of various winds:

Koshava - dry and cold wind of the northern regions;
Severats - dry and cold wind of the northern regions;
Moravec - dry and cold wind, Morava valley;
The southwest wind is humid and warm, blowing mainly in the western regions from the Adriatic;
The south wind is a dry and warm south wind of the Morava river valley.

Natural resources

Water resources. The country is rich in water resources. All rivers carry their waters to the Aegean, Adriatic and Black Seas. The Danube flows through the country. Major rivers include: Western, Eastern and Southern Morava, Drina, Ibar, Sava, Tisa, Timok, Tamish, Nishava, Mlava and Begei. Navigable rivers: Sava, Tisza, Begey, partially navigable - Velyka Morava, Tamish. The country has significant hydropower potential. There are more than 30 lakes in the country. The largest lakes are: Dzherdapskoe, Serebryanoe, Vlasinskoe, Borskoe, Zlatarskoe, Palich. Artificial canals are used for flood protection and irrigation. The largest canal system is the Danube-Tisa-Danube. The largest waterfall, Yelovarnik, is located in the Kopaonik National Park.

Minerals. Deposits of oil, natural gas, hard and brown coal, bituminous shale, lignin, ores of lead and zinc, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, magnesium, nickel, manganese, antimony, bauxite, chromite and uranium have been developed on the territory. Gold, silver, bismuth are extracted from copper, lead and zinc ores. The source of chemical raw materials is sulfur ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Land and forest resources. 55% of the country's territory is arable land, 24% - forests (of which 20% are coniferous forests, and 80% are deciduous, represented by beech and oak).

Recreational resources. On the basis of a favorable climatic climate, picturesque landscapes, mineral springs and therapeutic mud, balneological resorts have been created. Tourists are attracted by numerous cultural and historical monuments, ancient cities, medieval monasteries.

Flora and fauna

The flora and fauna of Serbia is diverse and numerous.

In the underdeveloped inland mountainous regions, natural vegetation has been preserved, represented mainly by a transitional type from Mediterranean to Central European. Shrubs predominate in the upper belts of the mountains.

Hilly uplands, lowlands and convenient areas in the foothill areas are almost completely plowed up, grain, industrial and other crops, vineyards and orchards are cultivated on them.

On the territory of the country live: wild boars, bears, foxes, wolves, wild goats, moufflons, fallow deer, deer, lynxes, chamois, martens. There are many hares, spitting mice and ground squirrels in the steppe regions. On the coast there are jackals. Lizards, snakes, turtles are found in karst areas.

The avifauna is rich in falcons, eagles, griffon vultures, partridges, pheasants, ducks, marsh snipes, etc.

There is an abundance of fish in numerous reservoirs: carp, sturgeon, pike perch, sterlet, catfish, trout, pike, mackerel, etc.

Unique natural territories are areas of a characteristic type with significant biological, ecological, natural, cultural, aesthetic, historical values, resulting from interaction with nature and the natural potentials of a given territory.

Natural attractions of Serbia: Subotica peshchara; Gradac river gorge; Kosmay; Vrsack mountains; Ovcharsko-Kablarskaya klisura; Kamena mountain; Chelie; Zaovine; Avala; Radan; Valley of Pchine; Ozren-Yadovnik; Mirusha; Vlasina; Great War Island; Lepteria-Sokograd; Valley of the Small Rzav; Gorge of the river Dzhetinya.