Home wiring with your own hands. Electric wiring in a two-story house - scheme

Recently, capital and summer construction has become very popular. Many homeowners prefer to create the house of their dreams personally, without resorting to the services of firms.

Without electricity, the life of a modern man is unthinkable. Therefore, the electricity supply of the dwelling is the priority task of the homeowner.

People who decide to build a house with their own hands face the need for its electrification. It also happens that in the existing housing wiring in very poor condition and is subject to replacement.

We will consider all nuances of the connection of the housing to the power grid, the installation of electrical wiring of different types, examine the common errors in detail in order to avoid them in practice. Also in the article will be guidelines for commissioning and recommendations on popular issues.

General rules for connecting to the power grid

Regardless of whether you wish you to connect a new home on the network, or restore electrical support in the old one (for example, with a complete change of wiring), you will have to undergo many bureaucratic procedures. To obtain permission, it is required:

Registration of TU (Technical Conditions). To do this, contact the energy sales of your settlement and resource-supplying organization, which ends the power grids of your region). Please specify which package of documents will require each of the organizations with the application. It will also be necessary to write a statement on the prescribed form.
Project creation. It performs either a resourcing organization or a commercial firm with a relevant license. Requests you need to coordinate the project with the organizations where you have submitted an application for connecting the house.
Connecting an object. Directly assembly works usually conducts a power supply organization. If they did not connect the house, they will not need to give there a copy of the license (permits for certain works) of the company that made installation and a complete list of work performed.
Acceptance tests. Electrical installation elements need tests that are carried out by the forces of a special laboratory. Upon completion of the procedure, the laboratory issues a protocol, where data is contained on the parameters of the equipment and the conclusion of its suitability for operation.
Verification and sealing. The electric meter must be delivered and sealed by energy sales. There is also a permit for the further operation of the metering device.
Conclusion of the Treaty. In conclusion of all these procedures, it is necessary to provide a package of documents to a resource-supplying organization, to obtain permission to use its services and conclude an agreement on which the object will be supplied with electricity and payment for a consumed resource.

Start mounting wiring in a private house with your own hands best with the concept of electrical circuit. This will greatly facilitate further calculations of consumables and determine the installation sites of the power elements.

The elements should be included in the wiring scheme:

Sour from the nearest support to the introductory electrical panel
Electric meter
Introductory UzO / Switch
Internal batcher with consumer groups:
- Outlet group
- Lighting
- Power Group (Military household appliances (boiler, washing machine, machines)
- Hozblok (garage, basement)

Scheme, how to spend and make electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands:

Separate RCOs / automata are installed on each of these groups.

Also, when drafting the scheme, you need to have a general plan at home, where to mark the direction of cable gasket and the installation location of sockets and switches.

Well, if the wiring will have two separate circuits. Then it will be possible to turn off one to repair, and from the second to power the necessary lighting or soldering equipment.

Based on this data, a schematic diagram is built, the total cable length is calculated, the required section in each case, the placement of power elements, metering devices, the input location of the feed cables.

What you need

Let's try to figure out how to do it yourself and spend electrical wiring in a private house. In order to spend high-quality electrical wiring in the house, the following materials and tools will be required.

Consumables

Electric meter
UZO, AUTOMAT or DIFAVTOMAT
Cable for various sections (power, low-voltage, lighting)
Branch boxes
Terminals (better to take the eventless)
Switches
Sockets
Alebaster Building Mix for Locking Cable in Stroke
Outmeal
Saws, screws
Box for open wiring
Plinth if the wire will be paved under them
Electrotechnical Cardboard
Tin fastening strips or plastic fasteners

Required tools

Stroborez (Bulgarian with diamond discs)
Chisel assembly
A hammer
Cable cutting scissors
Putty knife
Emery grater
Passatii
Roulette
Screwdriver

The cable is selected at the calculation of the total load. On average, it is 0.5-0.9 square millimeters per 1 kW of power. It is best to use a copper stranded wire. He is better leaving twisting, elastic, steady For short loads.

The number of sockets, switches and other elements is calculated when compiling a schematic diagram. Babes and boxes are better to take from self-fighting or non-combustible materials.

Hidden wiring is better to spend under the plinth, not in the stroke. This position of the cable eliminates the drill or nail into it during the repair work, there is access to it and it is possible to check or recomatulate.

How to do and hold an email in a private house with your own hands:

Step-by-step installation instructions

Different types of wiring are recommended in different homes. In wooden, the open-type electrical wiring is made, and in concrete buildings with many technological voids - hidden. Consider the nuances of mounting and conducting electrical wiring in a private house with their own hands.

Open (outdoor)

Frequently used in country wooden houses. It can be performed both in special boxes, under plinths and in the "retro-style", from a special cable and on porcelain-fasteners, fixing vertical elements.

To spend open wiring in the house, you need:

Calculate the length and cross-section of cables of each type: power, illuminating and low-current
Create an electrical principal scheme
Use flat wire staros APR, APPV
Make the markup of the route of the cable and attaching the installation elements. Remember that the distance from the door and windows should be at least 10 cm, from the ceiling - at least 20 cm. The mounting height of the switches and sockets is about 80 cm, but not more than 150 on the floor.
Secure the cable on the walls of tin strips or plastic fasteners, excluding the sagging.
Secure distribution and installation boxes
Switch the connections according to the scheme: Wire a wire in the box with a stock of 70-100 mm and connect them
Mount the places specified on the socket circuit and switches
Connect to them wires

Closed

Mounted more complicated. To hide cables in the walls, you need:

Place the walls with a marking cord
With the help of a grinder cutting on the walls of the groove 2x2 cm
Stroboresis cut places for installation of junction boxes, switches and sockets
Install boxes and conversion. Fix them asbestos or screws with dowel
Progress the groove
Put in them cable. Previously need to cut into pieces of the desired length
Secure it in the groove plaster. Fastening step - about 40 cm
After 20-25 hours, when the plaster dries completely, clean it
Install switches and sockets

That's all the simple steps required for your own housing electrification.

Step-by-step video instructions, how to spend electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands:

Installation of fittings

In the fashionable now retro-wiring of an open fittings can be the most diverse. In addition to switches and sockets, porcelain rollers are used there. Fastening each of the objects should be attached at a distance:

Rollers-insulators: 10-12 centimeters from each other
Wire twisted single-core - 1 centimeter from the wall
Sockets: not lower than 35-40 centimeters from floor and not lower than 15 cm from kitchen table
Switches - from 50 to 150 centimeters from the floor

You cannot install switches and sockets at one level. This rule also applies to electrical wiring of a hidden type.

Security rules, errors and ways to avoid them

Sometimes homeowners neglect some nuances or allow inattentive errors that can seriously affect fire safety. We will look at the most popular of such mistakes and how to avoid them.

Aluminum wires. In no case cannot be used. They are fragile and can break down when replacing the socket or switch. It is better to pay more expensive, but take copper.
In the hidden wiring it is forbidden to use stranded wires. The terminal does not keep such a cable very well, so the point of constant heating is created. This can lead both the sink / switch root, and to the fire.
Do not connect wires from different metals directly.. To avoid oxides, do it only through the terminal to eliminate the possible contact of the metals.
Waterproofing. It is impossible to neglect it in rooms with high humidity: bathrooms, kitchens, storage rooms, terraces. Its absence may cause electrical strike.
Place the length of the wire With maximum accuracy. Put twists in direct areas, especially if there are not enough 10-15 centimeters, is strictly prohibited!
Stroke under the groove. Its depth must be 2-2.5 centimeters. It makes no sense deeper with cable, and a smaller groove is difficult to launch.
Distribution boxes. They should be located almost under the ceiling. This is done for the convenience of maintaining wiring and avoid confusion of cables of various purposes.
Duties under wire. They must be strictly vertical or horizontal. Possible cable savings in diagonal laying can lead to a drill or nail into it during repair or finishing works in the house.
Section of wire. It should not be too thin. Thin wires do not maintain high load and buried. On the socket group, the optimal cross section is 2-2.5 mm, on the lighting - 1.3-1.5 mm.

And a little about safety technician. Work with a home electrician only when the plugs off. The lesion of the current can lead to the saddest consequences.

Check and commissioning

After complete installation of electrical wiring you need install all scheduled machines, UzO and electrical appliances. After that, boldly invite a specialist from the energy reports to check and put into operation the electrical work of your home.

Acceptance tests of your object must be completed issuing a positive conclusion about the safety of the electromotion, the possibility of further use of equipment. With the "Connection Access Act" you should apply to the power supply organization. On this basis, it must connect your object to the support and make a service agreement.

It is not necessary to save on consumables and tools - after all, in the future, a qualitatively work done will be the key to your tranquility and comfort.

Make in the house electrical wiring on their own - the case is simple, but requiring care and scrupulsiness. If you come to this case responsibly, the wiring will serve you for many years and will be guaranteed safe.

Source: //elektrik24.net/provodka/v-chastnom-dome/sdelat-svoimi-rukami.html.

How to spend electrical wiring in the house?

Installation of wiring in a private house is a time-consuming process, but nevertheless it is even an electrician-novice. If you are configured to independently perform all the design work and have the entire necessary tool at hand, or simply want to control the running electrician, then we will look at the whole process from A to Z. So that the technology is understandable even for beginners (so to speak, teapots) we will look at How to make electrical wiring in the house do it yourself.

The process consists of several main steps:

choosing a method of laying (open, hidden);
creating a scheme;
marking work;
the choice of components of the elements;
main process;
getting permission to connect to local electrical network

Using the example of the new house, we consider how to independently carry out electrical wiring.

Choosing a type of electrical unit

The first to start - decide on how to mount the line. To date, an open and hidden layout is used. An open wiring is the attachment of all components of the elements over the finished walls (the tracks are locked in special cable channels).

Open Line Wiring Using Special Channels Fixation Clamps Wall Junction Box

The advantage is as follows:

the damaged area can be repaired without any problems (you do not need to cut wallpaper, destroy the plastered walls, etc.);
simpler installation and preparatory work (no need to stick the walls on wiring in the house);
it is convenient to add new branch points.

Disadvantages of this method of installation:

very often does not fit into the overall interior of the rooms (cable channels are not too attractive);
open electrical installation is more susceptible to mechanical damage and, as a rule, has a smaller service life.

Hidden wiring in the house is greater popularity. This option involves mounting the wires in specially created grooves in the walls and ceiling (shoes), as well as in the suspended ceiling, under plastic, in a special plinth.

Advantage:

does not spoil the interior of the rooms with its appearance;
is a fireproof (with the exception of a wooden house);
cheaper (compared to the open process of laying wiring);
the probability of damage is significantly less;
high durability of all elements.

Among the disadvantages allocate:

the complexity of repair and operation (to replace the wiring in the house or connect a new point, it is necessary to damage the finishing material);
at the failure, it is very difficult to find the exact location of the breakage, if not to use special devices, for example, homemade metal detector;
more complex electrical work.

We recommend that you still stop your choice in the last way, since it is more durable and the whole line is not striking! When choosing high-quality components and proper installation of electrical wiring in the house, the probability of breakdown is extremely small.

Creating a scheme

In order to draw the wiring scheme, you must first provide for the locations of the following elements in a private house:

place input route to the room;
automation (Uzo and circuit breaker);
powerful household appliances (for example, washing machine, electric boiler, kitchen stove), because for her you need a separate power line;
ceiling lamps;
sockets, switches, camshafts.

The following requirements and recommendations should be noted when creating an electrician wiring scheme in the house:

Wires must pass along the walls and ceiling only strictly vertically and horizontally. The turn should be carried out at right angles. You can also carry out electrical wiring on the floor, if you use a special electrotechnical plinth.
The place of laying of wiring along the wall should be at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling, while the installation places of sockets and line switches are lowered strictly down.
From the door and window openings, the network should be held at a distance of 10 cm.
Switches must be made at a distance of 80 cm (or 150 cm) from the floor, from the side of the door handle.
Installation of sockets is carried out at a distance of 30 cm from the floor, while over the kitchen tabletop, the outlet must be installed on a height of 10 cm.
In rooms with high humidity, switches and sockets are not recommended (only at a safe distance according to GOST), it is best to output all the necessary elements beyond the room.

You can use one of the following wiring circuits in a residential building as an example.

It is best to use a photocopy of your home plan for such purposes, since this documentation complies with the exact dimensions of the rooms and the placement of windows, doors, walls.

After the design scheme is made, go to marking work.

Placement work

Placement works are applied to the walls of the chalk or coal of the route of the cable passage, as well as places to install its elements. To quickly and smoothly make the electrical wiring route, it is recommended to use the rope, in advance in chalk (or coal). Such a rope is correctly called a marking cord, see how they can use it in the photo below:

All you need to create one of the plots is to fasten one end of the rope in the original position and gently stretch it up to the end point (so that the painted rope does not touch the wall). After that, the rope must be pulled and let go to the track remain on the wall. Bole learn in detail how to make marking walls under wiring, you can from our separate article.

Selection of components elements

At this stage it is necessary to choose all planned electrical products for mounting wiring. We draw your attention to the fact that when choosing materials you do not need to save money, since poor-quality Chinese products are very often caused by accidents (up to short circuit), and also undergoes breakdowns.

Two-block Switch Podrottor Installation Box
Copper wire cable channel

distribution boxes and channels from non-combustible or self-tapping materials;
open-type sockets and switches (they are easier to fix them, while the cost of products is an order of magnitude lower than that of hidden);
copper cable (its service life is much longer than the aluminum product). In addition, copper veins are able to withstand higher loads. We recommend to give preference to such brands as PVS, WEGNA or NYM;
the cross section lived on a rosette group of at least 2.5 mm. sq. (Withstands current up to 25 A, which is enough for home conditions, although it is better to calculate the cable cross section for individual conditions of application). To mount the lighting, you can choose a cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm.kv, but for connecting powerful household appliances you have to purchase a thicker conductor - 4 mm.kv.

Calculation of materials

Be sure to purchase a length with a margin, otherwise, in the process of work, a nuisance may occur when it is not enough for the terminal point literally 10-15 cm.

for installation boxes to the length, add 5 cm + the depth of the box;
to mount the lamps to the length, add 10 cm (if an incandescent lamp is used) and 15 cm (if a fluorescent lamp is used);
to the length of each segment, add 10-15 cm to connect the wires between themselves.

Main process

So, the scheme is there, the components of the elements purchased, the walls are prepared. Now you can safely move to the installation of wiring in the house with your own hands.

To work, we will need the following tools:

Little Bulgarian with Diamond Disk

Perforator with crown on brick or concrete

Screwdriver

Acute knife

Master OK
Foam-grater

That information is better perceived, provide the entire wiring process on the private house in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Step 1 - Wall Stroke

With the help of a grinder, cut the special grooves on the installation of new wiring in the house in the walls marked from the meter. The size of the grooves must be as follows: Depth 2 cm, width 2 cm). In places to install junction boxes, switches and sockets, the walls with a perforator with a nozzle (depth and diameter of the shrouds are selected in accordance with product dimensions).

To see how to make lobes on wiring in the house, you can on the video below:

Work perforator and grog

Step 2 - Fastening Junction Boxes

Boxes and pickles are installed in round shorts. To install them, it is recommended to use screws with dowels or asbestos layer (about 2 mm). After reliable fixation of the boxes, go to the next.

Fastening the installation box

You can clearly see the process of installing the pickling in the following video example:

Master class on the installation of peaver

Step 3 - Line Bookmark

The groove under the wire is properly driven, after which it is necessary to put the cable inside, having previously cut it into pieces. For fastening wiring it is recommended to use stucco.

It can immediately grab the track and align the walls. The pitching step is about 40 cm.

We told about the rest of the cable attachment to the wall in the relevant article, which we strongly recommend reading!

Bookmark the track and fixation by alabaster

Step 4 - Connect sockets and switches

As soon as the plaster completely freezes (about a day), it must be carefully lost with a grater. After that, you can go to the installation of sockets and switches.

Install socket with your own hands

That's the whole instruction on the installation of electrical wiring in a private house from scratch. We also recommend you to view a visual video lesson in which this event is disclosed more extensively on the example of a brick building:

Visual example of all work

Getting permission to connect to local electrical network

When all electrical appliances, machine guns and the Uzo are installed, it is necessary to coordinate the finished wiring with the "Gosnergy", which should give a positive response to the owner of the power grid.

First you need to pass acceptance tests (technical inspection of the object where the electrical installation was carried out). If the result is positive, you will be given "Act tolerance to connect", on the basis of which the owner of the power grid must connect your residential object.

So we reviewed how the wiring should be performed in the house with their own hands. We hope the instruction provided was understandable and useful!

Also read:

Source: //SameElectrik.ru/montazh-elektroprovodki-v-dome.html

How to make wiring in a private house or apartment

You do not carely familiar with the Aza electrical engineering and have repeatedly encountered electricity in practice? Then the new wiring in the house or apartment of a small square will not be an insurmountable obstacle - you calmly mounted it with your own hands. To do everything correctly, you need to understand the nuances of the electrical installation and determine the order of work. The coverage of these issues in an accessible form is just focused by this material.

Drawing up a circuit of electrical wiring

Let's notify immediately: we are talking about a single-phase network with a voltage of 220 volts, which is already connected to a private house of 100-150 m² or apartment.

Specialized organizations are engaged in the design and installation of three-phase power grids for 380 V for large country cottages.

In this case, it does not make sense to independently take on the wiring of electricians, because without the project of power supply and coordinated executive documentation, the management company will not allow connecting to its communications.

Thus, the above-sized electrical wiring diagram for a residential building includes such elements (starting from cable entry):

an introductory circuit breaker with a par value of 25 amps;
electrical counter (preferably - multitarithic);
the protective shutdown device is the RCD, designed for the operation current of 300 mA;
differential automatic machine for 20 A, triggered with a leakage current of 30 mA - to protect the socket network;
circuit breakers with a par value of 10 A on the lighting (quantity depends on the number of lines to the lamps);
electrical cabinet, equipped with a zero and grounding bus, as well as DIN rails for mounting machine guns and RCD:
cable lines with distribution boxes leading to outlets for connecting household appliances and lighting devices.

Note. According to Pue, the power supply of the bathroom, bathrooms, saunas and other rooms with high humidity should be carried out by a separate line protected by an RCD or a dipaptomatom with a trigger threshold of 10 mA.

Functional purpose of listed elements Next. The circuit breakers protect the branches or the system as a whole from a short circuit, the RCO protects you from the lesion to the current, and the differential automatic combines 2 these functions.

The latter must be installed on each power line.

To protect the home appliances from voltage drops, you can add a protective relay scheme installed after the main UZO, as the master on the video tells about this:

To make a complete electrification scheme, you need to draw the plan at home and place lighting devices with sockets on it. Indicate the location of the electrical wheel and spread the wiring along the walls along the walls, noting each pair (phase and zero) of one line, as electricians do (called - a single-line scheme). An example of such a sketch is shown in the picture.

Reference. In private homes and dachas, the switchboard is usually put in the technical room, for example, in the garage, sometimes in the corridor. The same picture is observed in multi-storey new buildings. In the houses of the Soviet era - "Khrushchev" and "Czech", apartment shields were massively installed in the entrances, but then the hosts began to transfer them to their entrance hall, so that they would protect themselves from theft of counters.

Preparation of materials

To purchase the necessary installation materials and determine their quantity, take the composed of the electrical system as a basis. Controls, protection and accounting, located in the shield, on it are already indicated, it remains to choose cable products and submersed (switches and sockets themselves can be purchased later). On this account, recommendations are:

Use the brand brand copper cable for 3 solid veins and varieties for wiring electricians. Do not take aluminum and stranded wires (for example, PVS) intended for other purposes.
Copper wiring in an apartment or private house that feeds lighting devices must have a minimum cross-section of 1.5 mm². The rosette network needs to be made of 2.5 mm² cable, and the attachment of the grounding circuit is to be carried out with a cross section of 6 mm².
If you need to conduct an outer line from the post to the building, use the self-supporting wire of the SIP on 16 mm² and special suspended brackets.
For hidden cable laying, use a metalworking or plastic corrugated pipe of the corresponding diameter (wires should take no more than 40% of the cavity of the protective sleeve) fixed on latches or homutics.
Do not provide for a lot of single room outlets in different places, better place a pair of blocks for 4-5 forks. One group of 5 outlets is quite enough for the kitchen.
The calculation of the number of dispensers is carried out according to the following scheme, which shows the correct installation of the wiring. The box is placed on each branch from the main highway.

Council. For power lines loaded with a capacity of over 3.5 kW, the cable cross section should be selected by calculation. We recommend solving this issue with specialists, since the introductory automatic and the rest of the equipment will also have to select individually and without the project of power supply not to do.

Before calculating the amount of cable products, consider the method of laying electrical wiring. The optimal option is to dilute the conductors behind the ceiling and wall covering of drywall, in the floor or under the plinth. Such an approach will allow to protect communication from damage during subsequent repairs and is easily implemented in one-room and two-bedroom apartments of panel houses.

In wooden houses built from a bar either by framework technology, the internal wiring of an open type is practiced - on insulators or plastic channels, as done in the photo. In this case it is more convenient to pave a network from a flat type of cable - VG-P. Do not forget about low-voltage lines - twisted pair for the Internet, alarm, and so on, they also need to dilute the rooms.

It is also worth mentioning the wiring in retro style, harmoniously inscribed in the interior of any wooden dwelling, including log. But note that the price of the components is three times higher than ordinary materials, and the installation method shown in the video requires some skills.

Minimum tool kit

For the device or replace wiring with your own hands you will need the following toolkit set:

bulgarian with concrete circles for making a furrow in brick or plastered walls;
hammer and chisel to cut the nests of peasants;
nippers, passage;
roulette and construction level;
narrow metal spatula;
screwdrivers with various slots;
knife for cutting cables.

Council. Instead of a conventional knife, it is better to use a special tool whose sample is shown in the photo. It is equipped with a small heel at the end, which allows you to remove isolation from wires without damage to copper lived and safe for hands.

Installation of electrical panel

As a rule, this responsible stage of work performs an electrician specialist. But in a small residential or cottage house, you can solve the task yourself if you adhere to step-by-step instructions:

Secure the box on the wall next to the cable entry. Installation height - 1.5 m above the floor. If necessary, extend the deepening in the wall.
Put DIN rails for mounting automata and 2 tires - to connect zero (N) and grounding (PE) wires. Put the external cable through the hole, partition it and connect "zero" to the bus. Action Repeat with grounding conductor.
Fasten the RCD, the meter and all automata. Neutral and phase from the feed cable attach to the input packet contacts.
Perform an internal wiring according to the scheme using an isolated single-core wire with a cross section of 6 mm². For reliable contact with the clips of automatic switches on the bare cores, place special tips in the form of a fork.

Council. When installing the conductors, observe the marking in the chromaticity indicating their affiliation. The zero highway is denoted by blue, grounding - yellow-green, and the phase is most often brown, black or red.

By purchasing and installing a wardrobe for electrical panel, you also need to take care of the placement of backup machines that can be useful subsequently. Therefore, there should be 3-4 free sockets on the rail. All the nuances of the assembly of this important body tells in the video:

How wiring is mounted

In past times, the power grid was divorced along the walls before applying the plastering layer and fastened with alabastral solution. Now for installation, other methods are used, namely, the gasket in the gates of 2 cm depth, cutting into plaster or aerated concrete. This technology is:

Using the level and mining cord, mark the track of each line, ranging from the electrical panel. Remember that hidden wiring in the house should pass strictly vertically and horizontally, and rotate at right angles. Castle the installation points of sockets and switches.
Keep the markup of the groove, observing the width of the grooves for the single wire - 2 cm. Cut the recesses for peasants and junction boxes.
Install submersors and boxes on dowels or alabaste solution. Try to withstand the horizontal so that the outlets stood smoothly. Do not forget to cut on the sides of technological openings for cable input.
Process the gates of the primer and put in the pre-measured pieces of the cable in them and make it the ends inside all the boxes. The fixation of the conductors in the groove is made with a solution or with special struts with a 40 cm interval.
Select the ends of the wires in the dispensing boxes and follow the colors of the WAGO terminals or another available way.
Torn the cores in the opposite, put on them tips and connect to sockets and switches.
Check the performance of each line by a multimeter, then connect it to the shield and close the furrows.

Important moment. Lighting wiring is connected as follows: Blue wire (N) - to the zero bus, yellow-green (PE) - to the ground bus, the remaining conductor - to the machine. Phase and neutral from the socket network are joined to contacts 1 and 2 differential automaton, grounding - to its tire.

Competent installation of wiring implies its gasket according to the rules - with deposits from the floor, the ceiling and doorways specified in the drawing. In distribution boxes of the socket group, the conductors are switched by colors, lighting - in this order:

zero passes the switch and immediately fed to the lamp (for contact adjacent to the base of the lamp);
the phase wire goes through the switch, and then to the lighting device;
the earth is connected directly to the corresponding contact of the lamp.

A pair or triple switching switches is connected to each other with a feed cable on another scheme. This is described in detail in the relevant publication. Look at the video tutorial

02.01.2020

Wiring design In a private house, it involves how to account for a number of factors associated both with the peculiarities of the device of inland residential spaces and with the method of lining the power cable. Unlike typical apartment housing, where non-combustible materials prevail, in this situation, elements of building structures are most often made on the basis of wood and other easily flammable structures. That is why, before carrying out installation work in suburban structures, special attention is paid to safe receptions of the gasket, which makes electrical wiring and fully meets the main provisions of the operating Pue.

Possible installation options wiring

Stages of Wiring Installation Works

- This is the final stage of a whole complex of work, including not only the design of the system, but also such important stages as:

Selecting a method of laying an electrical cable at a given power type (220 or 380 volts).
Determination of the total power to which the wiring must be calculated, as well as the drafting of the load distribution scheme for individual consumer groups.
Before starting installation work, it is important to determine the method of entering the power cable into the house, after which it is necessary to draw a detailed scheme of the electrical wiring scheme on the plan of the residential structure.

Each of the listed items needs more detailed consideration. However, you must first get acquainted with the main positions of PUE regarding the installation of electrical wiring in homes outside the city.

Mounting rules according to PUE

Requirements Pue-7, Chapter 2.1. "Wiring" The following provisions regarding wiring wiring in a private house are stipulated and regulated.

Rules of electrical installation devices (seventh edition)

The method of input (by the air line or by the underground cable), as well as the parameters that determine the distance from the collapse of the post to the house and the height of the SIP cable broach (read more).
The rules also stipulate the choice of the type of wire used to spread the power lines in all rooms and the standard set of electrical installation products (junction boxes, switches, sockets, etc.).
In addition, they have guidance on the order of selection of power switching, protective and accounting equipment (distribution shield, electric meter and automata AB).

In the Rules of Pue, such important issues as compliance with security measures during wiring electrical installation are stipulated.

These and other major installation rules of electrical wiring will be considered in detail in this article.

What method of laying to choose

It is known that according to the method of laying electrical wiring indoors, it is divided into two types: hidden and open. The first of them is organized in the thickness of the walls, for which special grooves are prepared in them, called strokes.

Select the cable cross section for power and current

According to these features, each of the above varieties should be considered separately. The characteristics of the proposed types of wires and cables look as follows.

Typical Wire of VVG.

When the wiring arranged, the mounting circuit of which involves the installation of junction boxes, is the most reasonable to choose the cable jn, normally working at voltages up to 1000 volts. The amount of lives in products of this class varies from one to five, which is quite enough to layer three-phase electrical wiring in a private house (if it is selected).

Wired products of the WEG are manufactured in one of the following options:

in the form of versions with a flat or round form lived;
the same, but with a triangular or square cross section.

The virtues of the cable of this class traditionally include a wide range of operating temperatures (from -50 ° C to +50 ° C). In addition, the wire is characterized by high indicators for strength and resistance to moisture. One of the following icons is usually added to the main designation of this product:

"P"indicating that the cable is flat;
"S"indicating that a strengthening rubber mixture is filled between the insulating shell and the outer braid;
"NG" - A symbol of the fact that the insulation of the product does not distribute the burning.

Additional information: In all brand cables, the WGG, with the exception of the "s" labeling, the space between the outer shell and the insulation is not filled.

Four cable VVG.

The color of the wires in the cable is distributed as follows. The outer shell of the WG product traditionally has a black color, and the color marking of the insulation conductive lived is selected according to the current standards (see photo on the left). For the installation of the lighting part, a cable with a cross section of the vein from 1.5 mm2 is used, and during the arrangement of the power supply in private homes, this indicator increases to 6 mm2.

When choosing a specific sample of cable products, it is customary to consider a number of technical considerations in the following. According to the main provisions of existing regulatory documents (PUE, in particular), the selected cable type must comply with the following requirements:

Exclude wiring fire.
Prevent injuries to network users.
Prevent damage to the household appliances connected to it.

To fulfill each of the listed provisions, careful selection of cable products will be required. It is differentiated depending on which section of the chain is supposed to lay a one or another sample. According to this principle, three types of cable products are distinguished:

wires of VG-2 or WG-5 brands having a cross-section of the vein to 6 mm2 and used to connect home input to the distribution panel;
cable products called VOG-3 with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 vehicle required for laying the main supply lines to power outlets;
wired products under the designation of WDG-3 with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2, used for supplying the supply tires to switches and corresponding lighting devices.

Taking into account the need for the laying of all listed chains when preparing for installation work, you will have to stock the desired volumes of each of the items of cable products.

Before you choose the cable suitable for the private home - you should remember another product under the well-known labeling NYM..

This wire with copper conductive conductors is intended exclusively for laying power and lighting lines.

Three-core NYM cable

with an operating voltage up to 660 volts. The number of tires differ in the color of this product is quite suitable for the declared purposes (it varies from one to five). Their section ranges from 1.5 mm2 to 16 mm2.

Please note: a significant disadvantage of this wire for a home power grid is unprofitable from ultraviolet radiation, which eliminates the possibility of its use on open areas open to sunlight.

In a situation where there is a choice between the two options considered, preference usually gives the second as having the best operational performance. Since the cost of this cable is somewhat larger than the VG - it is wiser to use it only on particularly responsible areas of the gasket, and on the rest to do with a cheaper species.

PUNP

For those who wish to save on the installation of electrical wiring with their own hands a budget version of the wire under the name PUNP. Products of this type contain two or three copper wire veins with a cross section from 1.5 to 6 mm2 in double insulation. PUNP is usually used to connect stationary illuminators and typical sockets.

Three-core PUNP cable

In terms of quality, this is not the best choice, especially when you want to pave the wiring for many years. Its insulation is easily destroyed over time and crumble at strong heating.

In addition, it does not suit the number of lived for the arrangement of modern three-phase networks with a grounded wire.

Conditional scheme and plan

Wiring schemes in a private house, which includes distribution panels, still in the design stage are developed individually for each specific structure. The specificity of the various connection schemes consists of the equipment connected to the power grid and the lighting system used in the structure. Nevertheless, a number of requirements are taken as the basis for all designers and users.

According to these provisions and project of electrical wiring, the house network is built according to the following typical scheme:

The first position, starting from entering, is the introductory machine, by which at the right time it is possible to de-energize the entire power grid.
Immediately after it is established a typical electric meter.
Then mounted common to all lines of the automatic protection.
And only after that the branching is organized on groups of dedicated consumers, in the circuit of each of which the linear AV and a separate UDO is installed.

Simplified (conditional) Power supply scheme of a private house

Additional information: All listed devices are mounted in the internal spaces of the distribution cabinet (shield).

There is also a tire wiring, which allows to divide the lines of "land" (PE) and "zero" (N). These conductors should not intersect at any point and be securely isolated one from the other.

Single Camping Scheme

On the Internet, various samples of wiring design programs in the house are presented in large quantities in the house, with the help of which it is possible to quickly make a layout plan throughout the building. However, to use such assistants should be very careful. Possible errors when working as a service program for designing wiring in the house are able to lead to serious trouble.

Required indents when installing electrical wiring from floor, ceiling, doors and windows

Here, the tracks of wiring gaskets selected on the basis of online calculation are shown. As an example, consider the wiring scheme in a brick house, ensuring the connection of the entire "Arsenal" of household appliances available in it.
Examples of compilation of schemes and their varieties

First of all, we draw attention to the fact that the wiring schemes of any object are 5 types:

Electrical principled.
Mounting.
Structural.
Functional.
United.

All listed varieties to a certain extent are connected one on the other. They complement each other, are performed according to similar standards and differ only in their intended purpose. That is why each of these types of circuit solutions need a separate consideration.

Electrical (principled) scheme

The fundamental electrical images are intended to present the functionality and interaction of the components of the system elements depicted in the sequence of their triggering. They visually transmit the logic of the electrical chain in line with the features of the scheme paper drawn on the sheet.

Two simple electrical power supply schemes of a private house with a 220V supply voltage

Important! Special graphic icons are used to prepare such images, which in most cases differ from the characters used in the preparation of other schemes.

Sample Wirout Wiring Scheme For a private house with a supply voltage of 380V is represented in the photo below.

Electric power and distribution network circuit

This view shows a power cable connection scheme to a power supply system. It shows that a three-phase 5-wire system containing a separate grounding core is used in the house. In addition, it contains such mandatory electrical wiring elements in it in the symbol, as:

Input machine.
Typical electric meter.
Linear machines for each group of loads (garage, kitchen, lighting, etc.).

Mounting schemes are prepared in the form of drawings or sketches of individual elements of electrical equipment. It organizes the installation of the entire power supply system at home. In their form of conditional icons, the location of individual elements is taken into account, and all electrical connections between them are displayed. It is important to know that the mounting schemes are created on the basis of fundamental and contain all the necessary information on the system of the system, including the method of performing electrical connections. An example of its execution with reference to the plan plan is given below.

Electrical wiring circuit with reference to plan planning

The diagram is clearly visible not only the links between the electrical elements of the system. Here you can consider places where individual equipment samples are installed. In addition, according to this scheme, it is possible to obtain information about the breakdown of consumers into separate groups.

Structural and functional

This type of drawing document allows you to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bhow to power with electrical connected to it and what is included in its composition. The graphic image of the electrical circuit elements transmits the common picture of which operations will be required to go to the following steps (connection and configuration). The order of reading a structural document is complemented by special signs (arrows) and explanatory inscriptions that guarantee understanding the essence of the scheme. Due to the detailed structuring of the procedure for the operation of the electrical circuits, you can figure it out in it will be able to any beginner master.

The functional electrical circuit is inherently not too different from its structural analogue. The only difference between these two documents is that in the second, a more detailed description of the individual circuit nodes associated with their functional purpose is given.

Joint scheme

The last of the electrical documents used in distribution and household networks is a combined diagram, which includes several varieties of drawings at once. It is in demand in a situation where it is necessary without complicating graphic images to designate all important details of the chain, emphasizing their specificity. The specified type of schemes is most often compiled with the arrangement of branched electrical networks on large residential objects of the type of multi-storey mansions. An ordinary home master such documents may be interested only in terms of the expansion of the horizons. Their approximate species is given in the figure below:

Combined power supply scheme

Schedule representations of cable runs are also known, reduced to the drawing of the simplified order of the lines of the lines from switchboards to each individual consumer. In essence, they look like a mounting electrical circuit, since it is easier to deal with working professionals with its help to organize the wiring gasket between the two points.

The installation order of electrical wiring step by step

This chapter will address the question of how to properly lay the wires when conducting the entire complex of electrical work. As a rule, the installation of electrical wiring begins with the preparation of the premises available in the house to its laying.

Installation of hidden wiring on video

Please note: when drawing up a step-by-step instructional installation instructions, the selected method of laying is taken into account: in the thickness of the walls or on their surface.

When choosing, it is necessary to focus on the main positions of PUE, in which the possibilities of applying one or another option are negotiated. So, clause 7.1.39 of this document imposes restrictions on the application of an open cable laying in places where food is preparing (in the kitchen, in particular). For these purposes in this part of the premises, a hidden hidden walls with conductors should be mounted.

At all other parts of the kitchen space, it is allowed to apply the same method of wiring as in all other residential premises. The exceptions are special rooms with high humidity (bath, showers and the like).

Additional Information: If there is a power protection device in the power circuit, the PUE rules are allowed to use a cable with an appropriate degree of protection against climatic factors.

The overall order of installation is described by the following sequence of actions:

First, according to the prepared mounting scheme on the walls of the room, the tracking of the cable or harness path is made (depending on the selected laying method).
With a hidden method, the grooves are carried out at the marked areas, for which either Bulgarian is used or a special tool - strokesis.
Then the segments of the wired harness are stacked in the shooting or pre-measured on the length of the VG cable, the ends of which on the final sections are separated and outward.
When places for connecting wires with electrical installation terminals, special insulating agents (tape, for example) are traditionally used.
After the conductors are fixed in the grooves with special brackets or alabaster, you can move to the sealing of the wiring stroke.
For this, the prepared finishing plaster is used.

All owners of private houses at least once in their lives came across the need to repair or replace electrical wiring. When repairing, I want to spend as little as possible, so the part of the repair work is trying to do everything by independently without resorting to the help of professionals. As for electricity, without having basic skills and experience work in this area, it is better not to risk and not attempt to fix themselves.

Of course, the wiring of the wiring in the house is certainly possible, but it is necessary to understand the principles of the mainstream and to know the safety regulations when working. So, we'll figure it out how to carry out the wiring.

Basic rules for work with electricity

To carry out self-repairing electrical wiring, you must comply with the following conditions:

Have access to accounting equipment, distribution boxes without restrictions.
Installation of these elements is made at a height from 0.6 to 1.5 m.
Interior doors should not prevent access to outlets, switches and boxes.
The cable is supplied to these elements from above.
Sockets can be mounted 0.5 - 0.8 meters from the flooring. In accordance with the safety regulations, the sockets are set at a distance of more than 0.5 meters from heating devices (plates, radiators).
Sockets are installed at the rate of 1 pc. by 6 square meters m. As for the kitchen, here the number of outlets depends on the amount of electrical appliances
The wire is paved in the shoes or cable channels strictly vertically or horizontally. Burning and bends are not allowed.
The cable should not touch the metal elements and structures.
All connections need to be carefullyroidered and placed in special boxes.

Wiring diagram

Any installation work related to electricity should begin with the compilation of a detailed plan or schema.

The most important thing when drawing up a plan is to note the location of switches, sockets, lighting and household appliances and the cable location line.

Types of mountage

Open installation. The wire is mounted directly to the wall and, if necessary, stacked into the cable channels.
Closed installation. The cable is placed in the prepared shoes, which after installation are filled with plaster.

Instruction how to make wiring

After drawing up the competent scheme and the determination with the location of the electrical appliances, the installation of the wiring should not cause any difficulties. The main thing is to strictly observe precautions and follow the recommendations.

First of all, you must move the markup from your wall circuit. That is, mark the location of sockets and switches and the location of the cable. Next, with the help of a perforator, we make a shutdown if you plan to lay a cable inward, or lay it open option.

Holes for sockets and other equipment are drilled by a special nozzle for a perforator - crown. The depth of the shine is approximately 2 centimeters. If necessary, mount the cable on the ceiling, it is attached to the overlap and is hidden under the tension or mounted ceiling.

After laying the cable, the electrical wiring is started. To begin, it is necessary to install the distribution shield to which the protective shutdown device is connected required in case of malfunctions.

Attention! Connecting a cable to a shield distribution has the right to carry out only a qualified specialist who has high-voltage skills!

Wiring in a wooden house

When installing, the wiring should strictly observe the safety and precautions, especially if the house is wooden.

Installation of electrical wiring in such a house is made in accordance with the following requirements:

The wooden house is allowed to use a self-refining cable with high-quality insulation.
Distribution boxes must be made of metal.
All wire connections must be sealed.
If the installation is carried out in an open method, the insulator from porcelain is laid under the cable.
In the case of installation of wiring in a closed manner, a metal tube or a box (from copper or steel) is laid with a ground with a ground. If the corrugation of plastics is used, it is installed in the plaster. This method is more reliable and aesthetic.

To ensure greater security, in a wooden house, it is recommended to install a protective shutdown device while the stopping machine when closing or leakage current.

If you look at the photo of the finished wiring in the house, we can conclude that the work is not from the lungs, but this task is quite effective. With careful preparation and study of the corresponding materials on the installation of electrical wiring, you will not cause any difficulties.

Stock Foto Wiring in the house do it yourself

Each house has electricity today. Modern life is hard to imagine without it. Therefore, during the construction of a new building, it is necessary to pay close attention to the electrical wiring in it. A similar requirement applies to the acquired private house, which was erected many years ago. In most cases, professionals hire such work. But in some buildings, the owners decide to fulfill them independently, so they need to know how to conduct wiring in the house right. Also, this information will be useful in monitoring the processes performed by experts.

Development of projects for different types of buildings

This stage is initial, and the entire posting laying in the house depends on its correct execution. Designers are engaged in the development of schemes. In the future, projects are approved in special instances. The drawings are necessary for newly under construction houses. In addition, the schemes and specifications are required for buildings in which the redevelopment is planned, as a result of which the existing wiring will virtually completely change. Also during the implementation of an additional floor exercise, it is necessary to develop new power drawings. If it is scheduled to simply replace the existing wiring, then the project is not required for this. You can take advantage of the one that exists and was used when creating a structure.

Methods of mounting cables

To know how to conduct wiring in the house, it is necessary to study two basic options for today it is placed in an open or closed way. In the first case, the wire is kept on the surface of the main supporting structures. These include ceilings and walls. In the second variant, the shoes are used, which are recessed with the help of a special tool in the supporting structures. In the future, these elements are closed with plaster. Also, pipes are used to perform wiring. They can be plastic or steel. Their use allows you to protect the cable from possible mechanical damage. Today it is believed that the most correct wiring in the house, which is the most secure - that is done using a hidden installation.

Complete set of object required material

In order to answer the question: "How to make wiring in the house?" - It is necessary to choose the right electrical cable having a specific section, as well as know its length. In the number of materials for power supply, the building also includes switches and sockets, installation boxes and lamps, and counters. You must not forget about cable channels, or you can use the corrugated pipe. In addition, you will need gypsum and tape.

Equipment of installer

When answering the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - It is always necessary to remember the equipment tool, which will be performed first for it, you will need to purchase a screwdriver, passatia, indicator and plug. Also, for successful work, you will need a drill or a perforator that must have special nozzles. They are needed to drive the sockets used during the installation of switches and sockets.

If the wiring was decided to perform in a hidden way, then the strokesis will be needed for such a process. It is necessary for performing a furrow, which will be used to lay the cable in the building wall. Such a tool has two special disks capable of cutting a smooth recess in solid materials, for example, in a brick or concrete. It also allows you to speed up the mounting process. When performing such a work, you can do with an ordinary grinder, but in this case there will be more dust, since the tool has no special assembly casing for it. In addition, the process will take a long time.

Wire selection

Required when studying the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - You need to pay close attention to the selection of the cable cross section. The main value for its determination is the total power of absolutely all electrical appliances in the building. In this case, it is necessary to provide a power reserve. This will allow the cable not to overheat, even if all the electrical appliances are turned on at the same time.

Currently, the wiring wires in the house are selected as follows:

When the cable is selected and its wiring is carried out in the house, the execution scheme of which can be open or closed, it is necessary to take into account that for each unit that consumes a lot of electrical energy, it is necessary to create a separate line. It also needs to be done for computer equipment to reduce or completely avoid electromagnetic interference.

The length of all wires in the house depends not only on the dimensions of the structure, but also from the materials that are used when creating an electrical network. That is, they include the above switches, boxes, sockets, and so on. In addition, it should be borne in mind that in places where the connection of the cables is performed, it is necessary to leave a margin of about 10 cm.

Start of installation work

The wiring laying in the house largely depends on the correct track markup. In order to carry out this process, you need to take a small thickness cord or twine that will be rubbed with chalk. With their help, the cable mains is placed. It is the main wire passing from to the remote and last socket. The main cable is only needed horizontally at a height of approximately 150-250 mm from the ceiling level. In addition, exactly at the same distance, the main wire can be placed on the floor. A branches that go from the main cable to rosettes, lamps and switches should be carried out with strict observance of their verticality.

If the wire is laid under a slope, then in this case, when performing any work, it can be very easy to damage. For example, it becomes relevant when the premises owner is going to hang on the wall cabinets from the kitchen headset or paintings in the living room.

Select the number of outlets and switches

The main indicator that affects the number of devices intended for supplying electricity or shutdown it is the presence of electrical appliances in the house. So, for each lamp is usually installed by one switch. The number of outlets is selected based on the conditions of convenience for a person. Their calculation can be conducted by the number of alleged and used devices. For example, for kitchen zones there should be no less than three pieces.

Placing sockets and switches for lighting

Each device for supplying electricity or its disconnection is usually located on the wall. Points for their placement are at different height from the floor. So, the switches when the correct gasket is performed in the house of cables, as a rule, are located approximately one meter from the lower surface of the room. For this purpose, the values \u200b\u200bof clear rules are not established, so each owner chooses it individually. In addition, they must be at a distance of 100 mm from the jamatic doorway and be sure to be from the side where the handle is located. As for sockets, it also does not exist today with accurate height. Typically, such devices are placed from 300 to 800 mm from the floor. It all depends on the location of the electrical appliances.

Pleasure of recesses for cable and electrical panel

Most often, the work of this nature is performed when the wiring is carried out in the panel house or in the building built from the brick. During the execution of this stage, there is always a lot of noise, as well as dust. For such a reason, it is necessary to have headphones, safety glasses and a respirator at hand. After selecting all the installation locations, switches, sockets, dispensing boxes and electrical panels, which are marked with a pencil, an adhesion is performed. Such a process is carried out in two receptions. If the Bulgarian is used, then 2 bands are performed nearby, the distance between which can vary from 1 to 5 cm, and the depth should be 20 mm. Basically, these values \u200b\u200bdepend directly on the number of wires laid down. After that, with the help of a perforator and a special nozzle, a brick or concrete is cleaned between two cutting stripes. To carry out an open method of cable laying.

To create a niche under the shield, it is necessary to walk with a grinder according to the designated circuit, and then the wall material is removed. If the depth from the first attempt is insufficient, then you need to perform the entire process to re-repeating it until it turns out enough place for installation.

Installation Box Device Works

Without such a stage of work during the installation of the electrical network, it is not necessary. Wiring in the house, the scheme of which was chosen at the preparatory stage, always implies the installation of dispensing boxes. For this purpose, dowels or plaster are most often used. In advance prepared with the help of the crown, the hole of the desired depth is inserted into the device, which is fixed by the above consumable material. If initially it is not possible to fix the box using a dowel, then a gypsum solution is applied. It creates the foundation to which the element of the electrical network of the house is attached in the future. It is necessary to use a building gypsum having time to set up to three minutes. After applying it into the hole, you need to immediately insert the installation box and immediately adjust it to the desired position.

Laying of wires and their fixation

Cables are always necessary in the building to fix. It does not depend on how the installation of wiring in the house is performed. Two options are used for strokes: wet or dry. At the very beginning, one end of the cable is fixed in the installation box, while it is necessary to leave about ten centimeters of stock. If there are several wires, they are connected every 300 mm each other with plastic fasteners. Using the isolate or a separate piece of cable, the dowel is attached to them. A faster way is to use gypsum, only before that it is necessary to remove all dust from the shorter, and then to be primed. First, in the recess for the wire, strokes are applied every 300-400 mm, and only then the cable is taken into them.

Electricity wiring in the house in the open method is carried out using cable channels that are made from non-combustible materials. This option of fixation takes the minimum amount of forces from the performer.

Conclusion

Many people are interested in how to make wiring in the house. To be confident in the correctness of all processes, it is always necessary to contact the specialists, if the property owner has no necessary skills and knowledge. In no case cannot be performed by such a responsible work in the absence of the required qualifications, because it may entail irreversible consequences.

Modern life is unthinkable without electricity, so sooner or later you have to deal with problems. Replacing electrical wiring or gasket new is a serious test for a person who is unreleased in an electrician. However, in the presence of basic knowledge in the field of electrical engineering, armed with the recommendations set out below, without difficulty, you can independently perform this work.

How to perform a wiring?

Installation of wiring

Installation of wiring in the house should not be worn out. All activities are planned and obeying the overall rules of the electrical installation device. Such organization of work will not only simplify their conduct, but also ensure safety.

Basic requirements regulating the wiring device:

easy access to all instruments and elements of wiring should be provided;
switches are located at 0.6-1.5 m relative to the floor. They are placed so that the open door is not an obstacle to access to them. Gasket of wiring, feeding the device, is carried out on top;
the layout of the sockets should be within 0.5-0.8 m. This is related to security in the event of flooding. The distance from the kitchen stoves, regardless of the energy carrier, heating devices and other grounded devices should be at least 0.5 m. The wiring is carried out below;
with the exception of the kitchen, one socket should have to 6 sq.m. It is forbidden to place sockets in the toilet room;
internal and outer layout is carried out exclusively in vertical and horizontal directions. The general scheme should reflect their direction;
the wiring should be carried out on the distance from pipelines, overlappings and other elements of the room;
it is not allowed to contact the wiring with the structures of the house made of metal;
parallel wires are located at a distance of at least 3 mm, or for their placement, box or corrugated pipes are used;
wiring and connection of conductors are placed in boxes. Connection locations are mandatory isolate. Wires made of various materials, copper and aluminum, can not be connected;
to fix the grounding and zero uses a bolted connection.

Drawing up the scheme

Laying electrical wiring requires the creation of a project and develop a wiring scheme. The lack of a clearly formulated plan will extremely difficult for its installation.

If there are general concepts in the field of electrical engineering and knowledge on safe maintenance of electrical installation work, there will be no difficulties in self-containing. Using generally accepted conventions, the drawing of the apartment is drawn up indicating the installation site of electrical appliances. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the type and number of household appliances and other consumers of electricity.

Scheme

Next, the diagram indicates the wiring of the feed wires. At this stage, the type of electrical appliance is determined: parallel, serial or mixed. From the point of view of the consumption of materials, the last one is preferable. It is recommended to group all devices at the location of their location, which will simplify the process of laying wires and reduce the need for them.

The distribution for outlets can be performed under the floor, and for lighting - in the slabs of the overlap. Such options do not provide for strokes of the walls.

The project can be confirmed by calculations, during which the maximum value of the current in the chain is determined. The practical evidence says that this value in homes or apartments does not reach 25 A. in accordance with this circumstance, materials are selected, in particular the cross-section of conductors.

To clarify the need for cable and conducting products, it is necessary to make measurements directly in place. The resulting length should be added in 3-4 m.

In the distribution panel there is a connection of all wires through protective automata. The location of the shield is at the entrance. If there is an electric stove, an additional individual automatic is required.

The next step is to count the number of sockets and the definition of the need for distribution boxes. This will help the previously composed scheme, since everything is designated on it. When installing electrical wiring, it is not necessary to do without isol and caps of the PPE, which are required to connect the wiring. You may also need pipes, boxes and picklers.

The diagram shows all the nuances

Installation of wiring: Step-by-step instruction

To arrange wiring in the house under the power and one person, while it is important to comply with the rules for safe conducting electrical work. The correct choice of the tool will facilitate the execution of the task. In addition to the screwdriver, passage and tester, the perforator and level will be required.

When replacing the old wiring of the hidden type in the room, it is necessary to use a special sensor, which will determine the locations of it. Finding out this, the old wires eliminate.

Marking of walls

After completing all the preparatory activities, go to markup. An marker or pencil is applied on the walls of the label by which the wiring will be located. At the same time, the rules described previously described.

After that, there are places of placement of sockets, lighting devices, switches and a shield. In the houses of the old building, the shield is mounted on the wall, modern projects provide a niche.

Strobing of walls

Hidden wiring is made by laying wires in the strokes, and the electrical appliances are mounted in special holes. To create such holes, a perforator is used, equipped with an appropriate nozzle.

Strobing of walls

Strobin is performed by a grinder or perforator. It should be prepared for the fact that dust and garbage is formed during this work. Strob dimensions are: width - about 20 mm, the width should allow the free placement of wires.

You can arrange wiring on the ceiling in various ways. One of them involves the construction of a tension or mounted ceiling. In this case, overlapping is used to fix the wires. When using another method, an insertion with a slight blowjob is performed. The wiring is completely hidden in the overlap when using the third option. To pave it, internal voids should be activated, which are provided in the production of ceiling slabs. And then only to perform two holes and start the wire inside.

After completing the creation of strokes, the wires are styled in it. In order to be able to start the wires into the room, through holes are made through the perforator. It is advisable to do in the corners of the rooms. The organization of holes for laying wires from the distribution panel to the lighting shield is required. After performing these works, everything is ready for the wire mounting.

Laying the route

Open wiring

Installation of the lighting flap is made in niche if it is provided, or by hanging on the wall. It establishes a Uzo in an amount corresponding to the number of consumer groups. In the assembled form, the design above has zero terminals, downstairs - grounding, and between them there are circuit breakers.

The wires of the selected section are filled. When they are connected, it is necessary to consider the color marking of each vein. The blue lived is connected to the zero phase; white - to the upper contact of the UZO; Yellow with a green stripe - to grounding. The connection of automata is performed sequentially.

Laying the route

Open wiring starts with fixing boxes along markup lines. When building such a wiring, electrotechnical boxes are often shifted to the field of the plinth or placed at a maximum height under the ceiling. They are attached with self-drawing, the interval between which is 500 mm. An indent of the edges of the holes is 50-100 mm. After they are drilled by the perforator, the dowels are clogged and screws screw themselves that fix the canal.

Open type of wiring involves hanging all electrical appliances. Therefore, after laying the track, their installation follows, for which there are places in which the mounting holes are performed.
First make a wiring of the main trunk line. Next, it is conducted from the outlets to the lighting shield. Experts recommend navigating from the point of connection to the shield, and at the same time leave the marking or shortcut indicating the purpose of the wires. Then lead the wiring from switches and lamps to the distribution channels, in which the electrical conductors are connected using SIZS or insulating tape.

Connection in the shield occurs as follows: brown or red core is connected to the phase terminal, which is located at the top of the UDO, blue - to zero, and yellow with a green strip - to grounding. In order to prevent the error, the tester is nicknamed wire connections. Only after they were convinced of the installation of the electrical circuit, the connection to the distribution panel is allowed.

Hidden wiring

Installation of hidden wiring is not significantly different from the device open. The main difference is the removal of wires from the field of view. The wiring is starting with the installation of the lighting pad and circuit breakers. Then the introductory cable, but do not connect it. Installation of boxes and pickles occurs in the previously prepared recesses.

Hidden wiring

The wiring originates from the main line. If provided for by the project, the wires are stacked in the floor. For this, tubes or corrugations are used in which the wire will be. They are leading to places where sockets are located. Next, the wire to the opposition is laid in the stroke.

Shield

Then go to carry out electrically conductives from switches and lighting devices to the distribution boxes in which they are connected to the main mainstream. The insulation of the compounds is carried out using Sizes or Colenta.

The final stage of laying wiring in the house consists in a circuit call. If the chain test gave a positive result, it is connected to the lighting shield.
For sealing of the strokes is used gypsum putty. The connection of the electrical circuit in the house with the distribution shield is made by a certified specialist.

Putting the wiring with your own hands in case of neglecting the main rules for the safe conduct of electrical work, it often leads to a damage to the current.

Before you begin work, you must definitely turn off the voltage supply. It is also necessary to take measures to exclude spontaneous or erroneous supply of electricity.

When dismantling the elements of the old wiring should be extremely careful. Such a measure is explained by the probability of the presence of a third-party wiring that is not de-energized.

Before serving the voltage, you need to warn people in the house.

It is not allowed to carry metal decorations and other metal items during work with electrical wiring.