Harrow for walk-behind tractor - types, functions and self-production. Homemade tooth, rotary and disc harrows for a walk-behind tractor - do it yourself according to drawings and video How to make a disc harrow yourself

People engaged in agricultural activities have probably come across the concept of "discator". However, most farmers do not attach due importance to this type of equipment, preferring to use more familiar harrows for cultivating the land.

Let's see what is the advantage of discators over similar types of trailed equipment.

Features and Benefits

What is a Discator? This is a disc harrow, where a separate attachment stand is used for each cutting element. This design allows you to completely eliminate clogging of the cutting discs, which has a positive effect on labor productivity.

In addition, discators show good performance in conditions of high humidity and dense vegetation. The main purpose of this type of agricultural equipment: preparation of land for sowing without prior plowing.

It is worth noting that the individual mounting of the discs allows for better weed control by mixing the soil with plant residues. However, these are not the only advantages of PM.

Discators can perform the following operations:

1. Prepare the soil for planting all varieties of agricultural crops, including industrial and forage crops.
2. Preparation of small contour areas and fields with complex geometry.
3. Stubble plowing and formation of a mulch layer.
4. Preparation for planting turfed areas of the field and land allotted for pastures and meadows.

It should be noted that in one pass across the field, the discator performs several operations at once: it crushes the soil, levels the surface and mixes the soil with weed residues.

At the same time, each of the installed discs has an individual adjustment, which allows you to smoothly change the working width or the angle of attack.

Thanks to their versatility, discs help save up to 12 liters of diesel fuel per hectare cultivated. Accordingly, this type of agricultural equipment pays for itself already in the second season of operation.

Discators also have design flaws. For example: a rigid version of the strut mount often leads to mechanical damage to the hub.

To avoid breakdowns, the bearing must be regularly lubricated, resulting in additional maintenance time.

Typically, such problems are encountered only with Russian-made discators. Imported models use a spring-loaded rack mount system.

Popular models

On the domestic market of agricultural equipment, there are discators designed to work with any tractors. This is how discators for MTZ-82 are classified:

1. For light tractors. Such models are designed for surface tillage, to a depth of no more than 10 centimeters. The mass of the discator is about 800 kilograms per meter of the treated surface.
2. For heavy vehicles. This category is optimal for processing neglected areas, fields after planting sunflower or corn. Discator models performed well in regions with arid climates. Cutting elements are usually mounted on spring-loaded or double-helix racks.
3. For super heavy vehicles. Such models are used to treat large areas prone to soil erosion. In addition, the equipment copes well with the processing of soddy fields with complex geometry and relief. The structural weight of the discator varies from 1,200 to 1,400 kilograms per meter of covered area.

Among the popular models are the double-row trailed discs BDM 4 * 2 PKS and BDM 5 * 2 PKS. These modifications are suitable for work with tractors of 3-4 drawbar class, with a capacity of 130 to 170 hp. with.

The number of installed discs varies from 26 to 32, which gives a coverage area of ​​4.8 m. The ground is opened to a depth of 15 centimeters, note that this parameter is adjustable, as well as the angle of attack of the discs.

The semi-mounted model BDK-2.5 stands out for its performance. This modification is optimal for deep loosening of the soil in drought conditions. The capacity of the unit is 3.5 hectares, at a working speed of 12 km / h.

Please note that you can find a more modernized discator BDK-3.5 on the market. This unit is used in difficult fields with a lot of vegetation. The productivity of the equipment is 4.2 hectares / hour.

The APN series mounted disc discs are popular among Russian farmers. The design of such models includes a mulching roller, which forms a moisture-retaining layer.

Another distinctive feature of the equipment is a rigid frame with 11-12 discs (depending on modification). The tillage depth changes stepwise from three to twelve centimeters, which makes it possible to cultivate stubble fields.

Please note that, depending on the intended purpose, discators can be divided into garden and field. The first category is intended for work in orchards and vineyards.

Among the features are the asymmetric arrangement of the cutting elements. The second group is suitable for processing large areas of land. To increase ground pressure, each field model is equipped with boxes for storing ballast weight.

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To expand the functionality of walk-behind tractors, their owners equip their equipment with attachments.

Some owners prefer to buy inventory in stores. Others make devices with their own hands. Below we will consider the types, functions and manufacture of a harrow for a walk-behind tractor.

What are the functions of the inventory?

The tasks of the harrow are quite extensive. Moreover, every year its design becomes more and more perfect, which allows it to be used for various purposes. Nowadays, the product is designed to solve the following tasks:

• Saving the soil from drying out;
• Leveling the surface of the site;
• Effective weed removal;
• Destruction of the top layer of the earth.

Tools of this type have found their application before sowing, when it is required to break up frozen pieces of soil and level the ground. Also, the harrow for the walk-behind tractor is used immediately after harvesting to prepare the site for wintering.

Types of equipment and their description

There are several types of inventory. The most common designs include:

• Tooth harrow;
• Rotary harrow;
• Disc harrow.

Each of these types has found its application in different situations. Below we will consider the features of each type of harrow for a walk-behind tractor.

Applications for tine harrows

The first type of product is used when the farmer wants to get loose, even soil. The teeth are evenly spaced throughout the structure, and can be of different shapes and sizes. Most equipment owners perform harrowing with a walk-behind tractor with equipment equipped with square teeth, although sometimes equipment with round or knife teeth is also used.

You can fix such a harrow to the walk-behind tractor by connecting it to the frame. For this, hinges or a spring strut are used. Often, farmers use a walk-behind tractor harrow, which is attached by means of oscillating or rotating frames. Rotary harrows are used quite actively on the farm. They are quite reliable and perform a wide range of functions.

Rotary harrow - function and design

A rotary harrow for a walk-behind tractor, or, as it is also called, a rotary design, is in demand due to its ability to quickly and efficiently remove the top layer of soil. Depending on the goal, the equipment can be buried into the ground by 5–8 cm. When choosing such a product, one should start from the size of the site. In most cases, farmers buy a structure that is 140 cm wide.

When buying such equipment, you should pay attention to the position of the teeth. They must be welded at an angle and have oblique blades. Such a device will work effectively for many years.

The essence and purpose of the disc harrow

The use of such equipment is very similar to processing with structures of the previous type. The main difference lies in the design, which uses discs mounted on separate axles.

The disc-type power harrow is often used on dry soil. As practice shows, with frequent operation on wet ground, the device breaks down very quickly.

Features of making a structure with your own hands

Before making a harrow, you need to prepare materials and equipment. You will also need to make rough drawings. They indicate the dimensions of the structure, based on the parameters of the walk-behind tractor.

If the technique is not very powerful, then you should not make too large a device.

The algorithm for making a homemade structure is as follows:

1. First you need to make a frame - for this, weld metal corners together;
2. After that, the hitch is made. To do this, you can take used hinges from an old car and connect them to the frame;
3. Further along the perimeter and in the middle of the frame, metal teeth are welded.

At the end, the product can be painted so that it does not corrode. It will be especially necessary to paint the teeth, since they are in contact with the moist soil.

Both industrial large-scale and private, and even amateur farming cannot do without loosening the soil. On a flower bed with tulips or a garden bed with dill with an area of ​​a couple of square meters, a hand hoe will successfully perform this operation. A plot of ten acres (one hundredth is a plot of land one hundredth of a hectare with an area of ​​10 x 10 = 100 m 2), sown, for example, with potatoes, will most likely require more powerful agricultural machines. And for loosening the soil, you need a harrow. Tooth or disc, home-made or factory-made, aggregated by a walk-behind tractor, horse-drawn or even human. The most common and simplest type of harrow is tooth harrow.

It is not difficult to make such an agricultural tool with your own hands. It is important not to be mistaken with the size and weight, so that the harrow, instead of promoting the harvest, does not "bury" it. So, more about everything.

Types of surface tillage. Processing without seam turnover

There are few ways (types) of mechanical soil cultivation. In different sources, they can be classified in different ways and differ in names. So, processing implies, in addition to compaction (rolling, slapping, pressing), three types of loosening:

Loosening of the soil with a seam turnover;

Loosening without seam turnover;

Loosening with leveling.

If we are talking about preparing the soil for the winter in central Russia, then this is most often loosening with a seam turnover, or plowing. Different types of plow shares provide different results. So, a plow with a cylindrical surface of a share wraps around the layer partially, but breaks it along its entire length, providing along the way a good loosening. But the screw ploughshare turns the layer exactly 180 °, keeping it practically unchanged and well seeding weed seeds to a depth (where a significant part of them die due to removal from light and heat).

Some types of harrows also partially wrap the seam, for example, the Tooth harrow, its "relative", refers to agricultural implements that loosens with leveling.

Harrowing targets

What is harrowing generally used for? After all, there is plowing, cultivation. These agrotechnical methods loosen the subsoil layer, promote air nutrition of the root systems of crops. And what can a tooth harrow be compared to a plow or a chisel? Easy processing of the surface itself, no more. But it is this kind of impact on the field that is sometimes in demand.

A simple example. The field is plowed on loams, there is no rain for a week, but on the contrary - the sun heats up the giant clods of soil formed during the plowing process, and a warm breeze drives out the remnants of moisture from them. What happens if grain drills are simply put into such areas? Anything but sowing grain. You should not wait for a harvest with such agriculture.

If the land is located on difficult heavy soils, a tooth harrow will work successfully after plowing. The heavy construction, bristling with metal teeth, will break heavy clods.

And already a flat surface, now consisting of lumps no more than a few centimeters in size, will not dry out ahead of time and will be ready to give life to a new crop.

Tooth harrow classification

Conventionally, the tooth harrow can be divided into three classes:

Heavy (one tooth of such an agricultural tool presses on the ground with a force of about 2-3 kg);

Medium (tooth pressure from 1 to 2 kg);

Lightweight (no more than one kilogram - the pressure of the tooth of this harrow).

Recently, the classification is rapidly changing due to the increasing use of aggregates for integrated soil cultivation. Such a machine in one pass wraps the layer, destroys it to lumps of a given size, levels the surface, and, if necessary, compacts it and even applies mineral fertilizers.

Application of different types of harrows

The most difficult soils from the point of view of agricultural technology are clays and loams. A heavy tine harrow is used to break up clods after raising the plow (reverse plowing) or chiseling. The hitching of such implements is aggregated, as a rule, with tractors of the 2nd class and higher.

Previously, the use of such couplings was a whole event. The hitch itself and the harrows included in it were delivered to the work site in a trailer. It took several people in order to collect all the links of agricultural implements together. Modern hydraulic tooth harrows are easily serviced by one operator. Directly on the field, the harrow is moved from the transport position to the working position thanks to the presence of hydraulic drives at the touch of a button.

Medium harrows work on light soils - sandstone and sandy loam. But the use of light harrows is not associated with the type of soil, but with technology. With their help, "moisture closure" is most often performed - breaking the crust formed after precipitation. This is done in order to destroy the tubules through which moisture was absorbed into the ground - to preserve water for the plants.

Weed control is also carried out with the help of light harrows. Weeds that have just sprouted from the seed are pulled out to the surface along with the roots and die from dehydration.

DIY harrow

The design of the tooth harrow is simple. The simplest agricultural tool for loosening and leveling the soil layer is made like a regular wooden trellis. The distance between adjacent teeth, if we talk about small personal plots, can be planned in the range from 100 to 200 mm.

The teeth can be inserted into the grid nodes in different ways:

The easiest way is to hammer in nails of sufficient thickness with subsequent biting off of the caps. Not the best solution in terms of reliability, suitable for a light harrow (weed control, until the cultivated crop has emerged, moisture cover).

Instead of nails, you can use thick self-tapping screws, and the non-threaded part remains outside, as a working area.

Pieces of reinforcement 8-12 mm, driven with guaranteed interference into pre-prepared holes.

A harrow made of metal will be better and more reliable. As strips, you can use any available rolled metal: corner, channel, pipes, etc. Just do not weld the teeth (pieces of steel reinforcement are most often used as them) directly to the surface of the harrow. Such a tooth is likely to break off quickly. Holes are drilled in the rails in advance, the prepared rods are inserted and their exit points are scalded on both sides.

For areas with difficult terrain

You can make a DIY tooth harrow with a slightly more complex design. It will work great as a light harrow for breaking up capillary crust as well as killing weeds. A feature of its design is the articulated articulation of the elements.

Such a tool will perfectly cope with weeding due to its segmented structure - not a single depression or bulge of the sown area will be left without the "attention" of its teeth.

Rotary tine harrow

Appeared in domestic plant growing relatively recently. It is most often used in the cultivation of potatoes. After passing such a harrow, the farmer receives the correct trapezoidal bed. The harrow perfectly pulls out weeds and loosens the soil remarkably. Importantly, it can be used until the very bloom of the potato - the teeth of the rotors practically do not damage the stems of the plants.

Another plus. After passing the rotor, the potatoes end up in the beds at an elevation relative to the general level of the field. Due to this, since the ridges are warmed up better, earlier and more friendly crop shoots are provided.

Harrow for walk-behind tractor - attachments designed for crushing a layer of earth after plowing or simultaneously with plowing. It can be used when planting seeds during sowing or when leveling the surface of an area after rough processing - for example, after digging up potatoes.

Such equipment is not used so often - most motoblocks are of the cultivating type, and after such processing, harrowing is usually not required. However, large walk-behind tractors often require a harrow, especially after plowing virgin lands, fallows or after green manure. Harrowing allows you to accelerate the drying and heating of the surface layer of the earth, activates the absorption of nutrients from the soil and improves the assimilation of organic and mineral fertilizers.

Harrow types

Harrows are subdivided into the following types:

1. Dental
2. Disk
3. Rotary

Tooth harrow

The tooth harrow is the oldest known to man. It consists of several rows of teeth that pass along the soil during processing, loosening and leveling it. They differ in the number of teeth - for a walk-behind tractor, a wide one is most often used, in which the teeth are located in three to four rows and often.

It is most rational to use it with traction-type walk-behind tractors, for example, Neva or MTZ. These walk-behind tractors are capable of developing a significant longitudinal force and have increased traction with the soil, which is necessary for work.

A subspecies of a toothed harrow is a spring harrow, which is often used when processing an agricultural plot with a tractor. When working with a walk-behind tractor, springs instead of teeth will reduce their number and reduce dimensions, they also rarely break.

Disc harrow

It is an active harrow. It is better to use this tool with cultivator-type walk-behind tractors - on traction ones, you will have to design a power take-off shaft. The soil is cultivated by cutting through it with rotating discs.

The discs can be straight, rotated at different angles with respect to the axis of rotation, or cup-shaped. Cups are more difficult to manufacture, but they allow you to wrap the seam - thereby taking on some of the plowing functions. Such discs are perfect for seeding green manure or shallow early plowing before weeds emerge when sowing potatoes or cereals early.

The edge of the discs is usually made with an uneven shape in order for them to cut through the soil more easily when plowing, to experience less resistance when rotating within the seam.

Rotary harrow

Such a harrow is somewhat reminiscent of both a cultivator and a disc harrow. Both it and the cultivator have rotating toothed parts that cut into the ground and overturn small parts of it. It differs from a cultivator in a shallow working depth and a large number of working teeth. In contrast to the disc, the rotary harrow discs are always located at right angles to the axis of rotation.

The teeth of the active rotor have a special bend, depending on the radius of the disc itself and the coefficient of adhesion to the soil of the wheels of the walk-behind tractor - the more the slip, the more the tooth should be bent. When working, they pierce the soil at right angles, thereby providing aeration. When exiting, such a tooth slightly pushes the soil, pulling out small weeds that did not have time to take deep roots.

The work of an active rotary harrow is possible even after the emergence of plant shoots - it does not injure large plants and practically does not damage them. Its use allows you to save on mineral and organic fertilizers - due to aeration, substances are actively absorbed from the air. It also promotes root growth.

Homemade tooth harrow for walk-behind tractor

It is easiest to make with your own hands. For this, it will be enough to have materials, a grinder and a welding inverter. Allows for pre-planting loosening of the soil and incorporation of small seeds. It is not an active harrow and is suitable for working with a traction-type walk-behind tractor.

Design

Drawing of a harrow for a walk-behind tractor

The harrow is a grid to which the teeth are rigidly welded or bolted. In the front part, it has a hook-on device - usually this, which is inserted into the towbar pipe of the walk-behind tractor and then fixed with a finger. A chain must be welded between it and the hitch - without this, the work will be very hard for the plowman.

The grill must be strong enough. It can be made from square or plumbing pipes and corners. The thickness of the metal must be at least 3-4 mm, otherwise the teeth welded to the thin-walled pipe will be pulled out during operation together with the pipe metal.

The lattice structure can be in the form of a cage, consisting of longitudinal and transverse elements. But a lattice is better suited, in which the "rods" are welded at an angle of 45 degrees to the direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor - such a lattice will be less exposed to bending loads.

The cell size is selected in accordance with the location of the teeth. It is best to figure out in advance how your teeth will be located, and sketch this in the drawing, and then draw a lattice on top of them, to which they are attached. The size of the frame itself should be such that it does not interfere with driving and following the walk-behind tractor.

The harrow frame should not extend beyond the handles of the walk-behind tractor.

In this case, the dimensions of the coupling must be taken into account. You don't need to make a grill too wide - the walk-behind tractor simply won't pull more than 1 meter.

Teeth are best made from corrugated reinforcing steel with a diameter of 10 to 18 mm. The length of each tooth is from 10 to 20 cm. The height of the hitch of the walk-behind tractor does not affect the height of the tooth - the harrow is attached with a chain. The longer the tooth, the thicker it should be. It is advisable to sharpen the teeth before installation and be sure to harden, because non-hardened teeth will bend during operation. On light soils, you can use a harrow with not sharpened tines.

The frequency of their location should be no less than every 10 cm - if done less often, harrowing will be ineffective. It is allowed to put teeth with a slight offset across the row, so that they can be conveniently welded and they provide the required processing intensity. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate that their resistance is directed symmetrically to the thrust axis, otherwise the walk-behind tractor will "wag" and it will be impossible for them to harrow.

Assembly

The assembly is carried out after the preliminary drawing up of the drawing and the preparation of all parts. First, the grate is assembled and welded. After that, the teeth are welded to it. It is important to do it at right angles. As a rule, hardened teeth do not anneal after welding and their strength does not change.

After that, it is determined where the center of application of forces will be approximately located and a chain is welded to this place. Take the first link of the chain and overlap it on the lattice. After that, the second end of the chain is welded or bolted to the hitch. The performance of the harrow is checked after fastening, and if necessary, the chain is digested to the left or to the right, if the harrow is leading in one direction or another, then it is finally welded.

At home, it can only be done for a cultivator-type walk-behind tractor. Two pipes are made, they must be securely fixed on the shaft of the walk-behind tractor. Most likely, you will have to give this work to the factory to a turner or use the shafts from a broken cultivator. The total length of the pipe should not be more than 1 meter - the walk-behind tractor will not pull too heavy a harrow.

Discs with a diameter of about 25 cm are placed on the shafts. To reduce resistance, cuts are made along the edges with a grinder every 10 cm of the circumference.

The mounting holes of the discs should be slightly larger than the diameter of the shafts. The discs are installed with a slight inclination to the shaft axis. From the left side of the shaft, the slope is to one side, from the right - to the other. The number of disks is taken such that they mutually overlap each other along the slope - they are usually placed every 5 cm.

In general, making a disc harrow yourself is a difficult task. It is easier to buy a cheap Chinese one and modify it, having welded all the seams with high quality, which is usually not done in production.

Buy a hitch and trailed to a walk-behind tractor in online stores

Harrowing with a walk-behind tractor

When harrowing with a tine harrow, the plowman follows the walk-behind tractor at medium engine speeds - about 2 km / h. Heavy soils require placing a load on the harrow, the weight of the load is selected empirically. The plowman follows the walk-behind tractor, regulates the movement of the harrow using the handles of the walk-behind tractor. If necessary, the part of the harrow that does not go deep or is knocked out when moving forward is pressed down by the foot.

Disc harrowing is similar to soil cultivation. Work is carried out at a speed of 1.5-2 km / h. The plowman follows the walk-behind tractor, adjusting the movement of the harrow using the handles - the axis of rotation of the harrow must be strictly perpendicular to the required direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor.

A disc harrow for a mini tractor is a type of attachment and is designed for soil cultivation. This device loosens the soil, allows you to level the soil surface, destroys the crust, removes weeds, and protects the soil from drying out. The moisture content of the soil must be at least 50%, otherwise dust will form, which is unacceptable for crops.

Disc harrow for mini tractor

A disc harrow is used at a tractor speed of no more than 7 km / h. In this case, the draft force of the tractor itself is used. When loosening the soil, the structure is used together with a plow to improve the harrowing process.

Disc harrows for tractors are used in regions where the soil moisture level is not more than 25%. This design consists of several disks located vertically at a slight inclination to the main axis of the mechanism. In this case, it becomes possible to adjust the depth and angle of soil cultivation.

During the operation of the equipment, the discs perform the task of the blade and the plowshare, which allows to reduce the load on the tractor and effectively loosen the soil.

Such equipment is used in fields with a large amount of plant residues, while the grass is wound around the discs and does not clog the space between them. These attachments are currently sold for a tractor with a width of 1100 mm or 1500 mm. Depending on the power of the minitractor, attachments with a certain number of discs are used.

Such equipment can be made at home from scrap materials.

Self-made structures have the following advantages:

• productivity increases to 2 ha / h;
• the design can perform many tasks;
• the mechanism has a wide grip;
• such attachments have a low cost.

How to make a disc harrow for a mini tractor with your own hands

Consider how a homemade disc harrow is made for a mini tractor.

First of all, you need to prepare the following materials:

• channel;
• corner;
• used car wheels;
• durable metal pipe;
• strong belt;
• disks;
• small diameter wheels.

See " TOP-3 most popular models of Chinese mini tractors Fighter

Do-it-yourself harrow for a mini tractor is made of these materials.

The structure will consist of the following components:

• frame made of metal corners;
• disks;
• bracket;
• swing mechanism;
• beams;
• wheels.