History of roller blinds. The history of the origin of roller blinds
Blinds are gaining more and more popularity today, overtaking curtains, drapes and curtains in practicality, ease of use and aesthetic appearance. However, few people think about who owns the idea of creating such a useful invention in the modern world.
One of the existing legends says that the blinds, translated as "jealousy", are the invention of a hot-tempered Italian who could not come to terms with the fact that another man could see his beautiful wife through the window. The jealous day after day tightly pulled all the curtains in the house, but his wife became ill from the lack of daylight, and she was languishing in front of her eyes. And then the resourceful Italian attached thin plates made of wood to the windows, which from the outside created the appearance of a solid canvas and became the prototype of the blinds known to all. As a result, the room was filled with light, and everything that was happening in the apartment was inaccessible to the eyes of passers-by.
There is another story that attributes the widespread use of blinds in Europe to none other than ... French courtesans! Yes, it was these girls who came up with the idea of using this window decoration in order to awaken interest and passion in men. After all, through the shutters it is impossible to discern who is in the room, but the "grates on the ropes", if they were pushed aside, revealed to the men a part of what was happening in the room, which fueled their desire. Thus, the novelty brought from overseas quickly became popular.
However, according to scientists, blinds were invented long before that, several millennia ago. And they were invented by the Arabs, who placed several wooden slats parallel to each other at an angle of 45 degrees, and only then were they borrowed by the Europeans. The first blinds in history were unregulated, they performed only two functions: they let in the right amount of light into the room and protected the people in it from prying attention. Later, blinds turned into a decoration not only for windows, but also for doors and glass partitions. They ceased to be exclusively horizontal, and their vertical counterparts appeared.
In our country, vertical blinds became known only in the 90s of the XX century, but they immediately fell in love with housewives. Why? It's all about their practicality. In order to operate the blinds, it is enough to touch with your hands only the lamellas - special adjusting strips, as a result of which they themselves remain clean for a long time, which eliminates the constant need to wash and iron them. In addition, modern manufacturers provide a wide range of blinds that allow you to combine them with any interior, without losing in the aesthetics of the room.
The word "pleated" originated in the 17th century and comes from the French word plisse (pli), which translates as fold. This is a type of fabric processing using a press or steam iron, in which even parallel folds appear on the fabric. The width of the stripes can vary from 5 millimeters to 5 centimeters.
But the history of pleated fabrics itself goes back a long way. Even in Ancient Egypt, they were very popular. At first, the costumes of the pharaohs were sewn into folds from the materials, and then the traditional clothes of the Egyptians, the shenti, were trimmed with pleated fabrics. Subsequently, the success of pleated pleats was won in China, Japan, Scotland and Azerbaijan. The material that resembles an accordion has a long history. But it was only in 1907 that the processing of fabrics in a modern way was developed and patented.
Today, pleated fabrics are used to produce clothing, jewelry, upholstery, curtains, and much more. Sunscreen systems with folded fabric received the same name. Pleated blinds are sun protection systems installed on windows. They are 2 cornices, connected by pleated fabric, through which rope ropes pass.
INTEGRA PLISSE of the FOROOM trademark - products related to pleated curtains. The design of these systems is designed for installation on only rectangular casements, which are common in most modern premises. The ability to open the pleated curtains in two directions and overlap any part of the window, leaving only the top open, for example, have made the INTEGRA PLISSE system very popular among buyers. Due to its wide distribution and versatility (only rectangular shape of different sizes) INTEGRA PLISSE belongs to mass demand products and has a uniquely low cost for this type of system. The price of FOROOM pleated blinds is the same for all official representatives throughout Russia.
All INTEGRA PLISSE systems are made to order on a modern European level automated production facility with an area of over 2000 square meters. Each product is checked by the quality control service, so the manufactured products of FOROOM pleated curtains have a high degree of performance.
Buyers of INTEGRA PLISSE systems always have a choice of fabrics from a special catalog. The assortment includes only the best fabrics that are very popular. For example, fabrics imitating linen look great on the window and give the room a sophisticated look.
To buy pleated curtains for windows, it is enough to know the required size and decide on the choice of fabric. In a convenient site, you can try on the material you like online and see how INTEGRA PLISSE products will look on the window. To order pleated pleats, you just need to make a purchase on the website or contact an official FOROOM representative.
- a unique invention that is popular all over the world. They are characterized by high versatility, the ability to operate in a wide variety of rooms and an unusually simple design. A variety of style and design variations allows you to successfully combine these curtains with various interior solutions. And not only at home. They look great in offices, public buildings, administrative buildings and entertainment venues.
They have a long and unusually fascinating history of development, and their very popularity today simply requires a closer and more detailed acquaintance with them.
History of appearance
Some kind of roll-type curtains first appeared in the days of Ancient Egypt. Papyrus has successfully taken on the role of fabric. It was made from reed stalks and was successfully used by the Egyptians for a variety of purposes.
For greater ease of use, a special system of raising / lowering the curtains has been developed. The mechanism for drawing water from a well was taken as a basis, which underwent certain changes and was adapted to control roller blinds.
Such a find did not go unnoticed, and in the future it was successfully used in Ancient Rome. But with certain improvements. It is about replacing papyrus with cloth. Its dyeing in various colors and shades made it possible to diversify the design as much as possible and make it more attractive.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the technology for the production of roller blinds was lost and gradually they were replaced by ordinary scraps of fabric. It was them that were used to close window and door openings. In comparison with the curtains, they did not have folds, and when they were cleaned, they simply twisted from above into a roller.
A new round of development
The situation changed in 1769. It was during this period that Edward Beren received a patent for the right to manufacture roller blinds. At the same time, their mass production began. Thanks to this, in the shortest possible time, they spread almost throughout Europe.
Another surge in the popularity of roller blinds occurred in the 20s of the last century. At that time, there was a "dry law" in the United States. It was thanks to these curtains that the owners of cafes and bars were able to hide their clients who drank alcoholic drinks from the policemen walking down the street.
Roller blinds are no less relevant today. The market offers various variations of them, which differ among themselves by the fabric and design, style and control mechanism. But the high efficiency of roller blinds and their wide demand among consumers remain unchanged.
Roller blinds are an excellent format for decorating a window opening. They have high performance indicators, are completely easy to install, convenient to use, implement various proposals for every taste and do not pose any problems in care and maintenance at all. All this makes them a truly indispensable and versatile solution for premises of various types and purposes.
When arranging apartments, curtains play the last and at the same time honorable role. By hanging the curtains, we do, as it were, the final touch in the overall picture of the interior. Accordingly, this stroke can either crown or destroy the harmony to which we have been striving for so long.
Therefore, the correct choice of curtains for window and door openings must vary between aesthetics and functionality. The functional necessity of curtains is indisputable - they protect furniture, wallpaper and our eyes from bright light, and heavy dense curtains made of velvet and tapestry from drafts in winter.
It is much more difficult with the aesthetic side. Fortunately, the choice is wide now. But how many people thought about what is fashionable this season, what to "dress" their windows? But the curtains are one of the most representative interior details.
There are a lot of options for using fabrics in the interior. Each era dictated its own fashion, and our time, fortunately, allows literally everything. But before ordering an interior in the style of Louis XVI, Rococo, Empire or Art Nouveau, think about it - do you have an idea of how the windows and beds were decorated then and what fabric colors correspond to this era? Choosing a style is so exciting that it is not only desirable, but also necessary to participate personally.
Middle Ages... The art of window decoration in Europe began to develop after the Middle Ages, which is not surprising - in medieval castles, windows, for security reasons, were narrow and small, like loopholes. They were covered with waxed or oiled paper. And only in very large houses the windows were covered with pieces of cloth, but not for beauty, but from the sunlight. But the beds were richly and brightly draped. So if you want to reproduce the atmosphere of, say, the 15th-16th centuries, then remember - the curtains were then very simple and roughly processed. Your best bet is to find antique silk or corduroy and hang the linen on brass hooks.
17th century... Tapestry fabrics, corduroy, damask, thin woolen yarn were very fashionable at that time. Colors - reminiscent of the brilliance of precious stones: bright yellow, blue, red. Pattern - floral-heraldic symbols, for example roses, irises or crowns, embroidered with pink, indigo or blue-green silk threads. Note that in the 17th century, fabrics were still used mainly for draping walls or doorways.
Baroque... The severity of the Renaissance was replaced by the luxury of the Baroque. These times left us with the most expensive fabrics: Genoese velvet with a characteristic large pattern, brocade with gold thread, smoky and ribbed silk, satin, moire and taffeta. If earlier only fabrics and pillows were thrown onto armchairs and sofas, now there is furniture with permanent soft upholstery, usually velvet or plush. Baroque - the time of the first printed calico, chew fabrics, as well as silver threads and light golden lace. The scent of fashion of the era of Louis XIII and XIV was the heavy, elaborate draperies of beds and windows. During this period, curtains that could be lifted up finally appeared, as well as fabric-trimmed window cornices. In the dining rooms, in order to keep out the smells, leather curtains were hung. Lambrequins (from the French "comb") hid metal rings and hooks.
Rococo- style of luxury, bliss and comfort. Curtains and curtains become more flirty and frivolous, while not losing their splendor. Elegance and grace come into fashion, a lambrequin becomes the main decoration of the window. The draperies, elaborately trimmed with silver or gold cord, show wonders of ingenuity.
Neoclassicism... In the late 1700s, thanks to the famous decorator Robert Adam, the motives of the destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum began to be used in the interior. The choice of fabrics has expanded enormously: jacquard, moire, brocade, velvet, veil and muslin were added to silk and damask. The palette of colors and shades was not inferior to the variety of materials - the fashion was deaf turquoise, lilac, pale crimson, pale yellow ... Cords and tie-backs were actively used, and Thomas Chippendale invented a wooden carved lambrequin, which gradually turned into a hallmark of this entire period ...
Empire style... The interior is filled with the heroic spirit of military campaigns. On the cornices, spearheads appear, decorative endings with eagles, swans, animal heads, and laurel wreaths. The windows are decorated with paired curtains, most often of muslin, exquisitely intercepted and fixed in position. Finishing, exquisite ornaments and heavy fringes are used lavishly. The most popular colors in the Empire era are cherry, dark pink, saffron yellow, blue and pink.
Modern (1890s-1900s)... The flowing lines of Art Nouveau, imitating the stems of plants, are leading in the style confusion of the turn of the century. In colors, everything is popular, pale, pink, green, mauve, blue, yellow.
Ardeco (1930s)... In this era, curtains made of velvet, tapestry, embossed or smooth velor, and rep came into fashion. The curtains were in most cases straight and edged. For Ardeco fabrics, a large, sharp pattern, bright ornament and splashes of colors in the spirit of Matisse are typical. The most typical colors are combinations of orange and black, blue and gold.
Now let's try to figure out what elements the window decor consists of. This is, first of all, a drapery or curtain, then a lambrequin and various accessories - hooks, frills, braids, edging. The concept of "drapery", in turn, includes such elements as svash, jabots, blinds and cascades.
Canopy- a defining element of the bedroom decor. This is a canopy made of fabric, usually located above the bed. It can be made in the "Moorish" style (round top located in the center of the bed or at the head), have a square "roof" or even turn into a long piece of fabric thrown over a metal cornice.
Blinds- they are also called "Roman blinds" - made on the principle of a sail. In addition to the strict "ship" ones, which can be sewn from heavy and dense fabric, there are "air" blinds that gather in lush festoons (they are also called "Russian baluns"). Ruffles in "American" blinds take approximately 50 cm from the bottom edge of the curtain. In modern interiors, sliding Japanese panels are often found - straight cuts of fabric, fixed on movable cornices.
Jabots- the falling ends of the fabric, usually used in conjunction with swags. They perfectly demonstrate the benefits of lining. It is with this design of the window that the strict play of satin is visible, which in this case plays a modest role as a lining material.
Cascade- folds of fabric falling in a zigzag.
Lambrequin- fabric or wooden decorative detail of the window drapery, covering the cornice and hinges. Pelmet with embroidery looks elegant in combination with a plain curtain. A special chic is the quilted lambrequin.
Crossover- draping a round cornice with a cloth or tassels.
Pick up- a device that decorates the curtain, allowing it to move apart and regulate the flow of light. Usually made of fabric.
Swag (festoon)- a graceful fold of fabric, fixed decoratively at two ends above a window or bed. An indispensable attribute of classic decor. In modern living rooms, swagi create a ceremonial atmosphere with some theatrical flavor.
French curtains- lush flowing tulle draperies with multiple folds.
Sheerinktein- mounting tape with a hole for the cornice.
It is customary to divide curtains into several varieties, the main of which are given below.
Classic curtains
Classic curtains it is customary to call straight sliding curtains in combination with tulle curtains. Such curtains are familiar to many of us and are simple to perform. However, there can be quite a few design options for classic curtains. They can combine the latest fashion trends and elements of different styles. The main emphasis in the design of such curtains is the fabric, which can be of an unusual texture, pattern or manufacture.
For sewing classic curtains almost any fabric can be used - silk, velvet, velor, jacquard, brocade, chinil, tulle, etc. Special attention is paid here to decorative elements. There are many finishing additions to curtains - hooks, cords, braid, tassels, ruffles, etc. All of these accessories add charm and appeal to the curtains. Another important accent of a classic curtain is folds. Of course, you shouldn't lay them by hand, as it is quite time consuming and does not look so neat. To create uniform folds on the curtains, you can purchase a special curtain tape.
When choosing fabric and accessories for classic curtains, one should not forget that it should complement the color scheme of the interior, i.e. to be in harmony with the surrounding furniture and interior items.
Classic curtains suitable for almost any modern home - in the interior of a living room, bedroom, nursery or kitchen. Despite their simplicity, they always attract the attention of designers and never go out of style.
Roman curtains
Roman curtains with clear horizontal folds are very popular among those who love the most modern. These curtains are a bit like both blinds and French curtains. They differ from the first by a continuous canvas, not divided into separate lamellas, from the second by straight lines. Roman shades are a flat cloth, divided into equal sections. Horizontal rigid strips are sewn into each such section for its limitation and fixation. And they rise in the same way as horizontal blinds: manually or using an electric unit.
The principle of operation of Roman blinds is simple: along the entire width of the canvas, rings are located at equal intervals into which the cords are threaded. When the curtain is raised, lie down in even horizontal folds like an accordion due to rigid rods fixed from the inside out. At the bottom of the curtain is a weighting agent that does not allow it to develop freely and clearly fixes its shape.
Roman blinds are usually made to fit the window, as if "inserted" into it. The lower part of the curtain can be left straight or decorated with tassels, bows, ruffles - depending on the overall style of the interior. In such curtains, it is possible to use any decorative fabrics - from light curtains to dense curtains on a lining. If the windows are wide, then it is necessary to make double or even triple roman blinds.
Due to its versatility, the Roman blind has hardly changed for several centuries, but only acquires various modifications, which differ only in the location and number of folds. Perhaps that is why its design, which has been preserved since the times of Ancient Rome, still looks modern and original. Although at first Roman blinds were considered to be a part of only a minimalist interior, but over time, due to their simplicity and stylistic unburdenedness, they increasingly began to conquer those premises in the house where maximum functionality is required.
An additional touch that makes the Roman shade unique is most often the decorative finish of the bottom edge. Roman blinds can be perfectly combined with tulle curtains, which looks unusual and very elegant, or combined with draped curtains, decorating the canvas with edging from the same fabric.
French curtains
French curtain- an integral element of a classic interior. Traditionally, these curtains are associated with theaters and cultural institutions. French curtains are lush, flowing transparent draperies with multiple folds.
Sewing method French curtains quite simple - the fabric, the width of which is equal to one and a half the width of the window, and the length is twice its height, is gathered with the help of threads or cords in wavy folds.
For French curtains used, as a rule, silk of light colors or light transparent tulle of any colors and shades. These curtains are perfect for living rooms and bedrooms with classic and antique furniture. Often, French curtains are combined with classic curtains with tassels and lambrequins. They are great for arched windows.
French curtains are quite appropriate for decorating the interiors of luxurious mansions and stylish apartments, they are ideal for living rooms and bedrooms where there is classic and antique furniture. Elegant folds of French curtains can create an atmosphere of respectability and solidity, for example, in the interior of a classic office. The French curtain in the hall sets up a solemn mood. At the same time, the bedroom, decorated with French curtains in a flirtatious flower, looks casual and romantic, bringing a piece of French chic into the interior. It can be made from both light tulle fabrics and dense heavy fabrics.
Austrian curtains
Austrian curtains first appeared in the 18th century. Then they were called scalloped, and they were used mainly to decorate shuttered windows. Later they took their rightful place among interior curtains. Later, they became functional, like lifting thin curtains, completely covering the window and hanging down either to the level of the plinth or plinth. Additional weight to such curtains was given by the edges decorated with intricate fringes. Recently, the concept of curtains has been updated with a rich use of fabrics and finishes.
Austrian curtains are assembled along the upper edge with a curtain tape, which is why the fabric, when the curtains are raised, falls from above in soft drapery folds, forming scallops. Thanks to their soft folds, Austrian curtains look good with ruffles or fringes on the sides or hem.
Such curtains are usually sewn from silk, cambric and other fine fabrics. Austrian curtains can act as an independent window decoration or complement draperies, creating a single ensemble. They can be decorated with ruffles or piping, the upper edge can be decorated with a standard assembly, beautiful radial folds.
When assembled, Austrian curtains are very similar to French ones, since they are also lifting and laced. When these curtains are raised, they gather in pretty scallops, giving the lower edge of the curtains the look of an exquisite lambrequin. When the curtains are lowered, the fabric is completely smoothed out. Austrian curtains differ from Roman curtains in that, when lowered, they are assembled horizontally and represent a canvas with vertical folds.
Japanese curtains
Now the interest in the East, in particular in Japan, is very great. Designers borrow not only general philosophical positions from Japanese culture, but also specific technological and decorative solutions. Therefore, Japanese curtains, also called screen or panel curtains, are a rather fashionable version of the decor of a modern interior. This is an emphatically laconic and stylish design option.
Japanese curtains are several solid, absolutely even canvases that do not fold, but move around the window like a screen or panel (hence the name). Above and below such curtains there are rigid inserts that prevent the curtains from folding.
By design, Japanese curtains resemble vertical blinds: several strips of fabric fixed in a special cassette. The design is simple and can be fixed without the classic curtains. For these curtains, lightweight, better natural fabrics are suitable - cotton, linen. The panels can be combined by combining heavy and light fabrics.
Japanese curtains are controlled with a special cord. Electrical control is also possible. Panels can be assembled on the right, left, center, and also symmetrically on both sides of the cornice.
Japanese curtains are well suited for a minimalist interior. In addition, they can be used to decorate large window or door openings, and they can also serve as a decorative partition in the room.
Chinese curtains
The main purpose of Chinese curtains is to hide the unattractive landscape outside the window. Such curtains are a cloth of fabric equal in size to the window opening. A ribbon or braid, usually of a contrasting material, is usually sewn to the top of the curtain fabric, with the help of which the curtain can be raised and fixed.
Chinese roller blinds are distinguished by the presence or absence of a weighting agent at the bottom of the curtain. When using a weighting agent, the curtains are assembled into a roll when lifting upward, without a weighting agent - they are collected in soft, spectacular folds.
Chinese curtains, also called curtains with garters, do not have a lifting mechanism and are raised manually, fixing at the desired height using a decorative tape or braid. Hanging such curtains, you will not need to purchase a curtain rod, and they also do not require a lot of time for sewing.
Almost any fabric is suitable for Chinese curtains, but translucent colored fabrics look best. Such curtains are usually not combined with curtains, lambrequins or other types of curtains. The main style accent of such curtains is usually the color and texture of the fabric, as well as decorative ribbons that fix the height of the curtains.
Renaissance.
Renaissance art originated in Italy in the 16th century and, having reached its peak in the 16th century, existed in the countries of Western and Central Europe until the middle of the 17th century.
When decorating residential premises during this period, different types of trees are used, skillful inlay on walls and furniture. Rich draperies with large lambrequins are used to decorate windows and doorways.
Renaissance lambrequin - smooth, with applique and silk embroidery, trimmed with fringe. Festoons are placed along the edges of the lambrequin.
The drapery floors, also trimmed with fringes, are intercepted at the bottom with a twisted cord. The use of cords and small tassels as decorative elements is generally characteristic of the draperies of this time.
Cornices are of a complex profile. Their sidewalls, lowered in relation to the middle part, ended in suspended balls. The drapery was attached to the cornice with upholstery nails, and was also hung on ornamented hooks cast from bronze.
Along with richly decorated draperies, simpler ones were also used. They met mainly in the homes of the petty bourgeoisie.
Baroque.
This style, which developed in the 70s of the 16th century, dominated Europe for almost two centuries. Baroque architecture is distinguished by its splendor, splendor of forms, and the use of various decorative elements. Upholstery during the Baroque period played an important role in the design of the interiors of residential buildings. Draperies for windows, doorways and canopy beds were made of silk or velvet. The fabric was draped in the form of scallops, located at different levels and decorated with gold fringe, cord and large tassels.
The lambrequin consisted of several details and was richly ornamented with embroidery or appliqué in the form of fantastic acanthus flowers and leaves, typical of the Baroque style. Numerous large gold brushes enhanced the splendor of the lambrequin.
Complex lambrequins were also used, consisting of ornamented valances and scalloped sleeves over them. The hem of the velvet valance was decorated with a gold fringe. The sleeves, made of fabric of the same texture, but of a different color or of a lighter fabric, had the appearance of several scallops and ended in free hanging corners. The number of scallops on the lambrequin was determined by the size of the drapery. There were fabric rosettes at the junction points of the scallops. Due to the use of multilayer scalloped lambrequins, the splendor of the decoration characteristic of the Baroque style was achieved. The main fabric of the drapery - folded, with flounces - was also decorated with rosettes and cords. The side skirts were stitched with gold fringe, tassels and twisted cord.
A distinctive feature of the baroque draperies is the use of contrasting lining materials. Often the draperies were two-sided.
The doorways were draped with the same fabric as the windows. The canopies over the bed had the appearance of a tent during this period. The cornices for window draperies, often gilded, had a curved shape and were decorated with carved ornaments in the form of shells or leaves. The side floors of the drapery were attached to sculptural figures - caryatids - installed on both sides of the window.
Rococo curtains
This style was born in the 20s of the 18th century in France as a continuation of the Baroque style and by the middle of the same century had become a leading trend in Western European aristocratic culture. Rococo is characterized by a grandiose interpretation of images, sophisticated decorative effects. Particular attention is paid to the decoration of buildings, and applied art is developing significantly.
Rococo architecture is characterized by the preservation of ceremonial baroque forms in combination with whimsical interior decoration. Straight geometric shapes disappear in the ornament, it acquires soft, relaxed outlines.
Ornaments in the form of shells, flowers (lilies, bells, etc.) and colored garlands prevail.
When decorating window openings with draperies, the lambrequin plays a dominant role. The fabric covers only the upper part of the window.
Rococo draperies are characterized by the use of silk and light tapestry in light colors. In general, the draperies of this time create a feeling of lightness and elegance. An unsaturated ornament runs along the lower edge of the labrequin, trimmed with gold fringe. The same ornament is found on the cornice. In the center, the lambrequin is decorated with embroidered roses.
In addition to embroidery, the Rococo drapery is dominated by appliques depicting artificial grottoes, shells, and bows. Other decorative motives are also used. The sleeves gathered in delicate folds are connected with a lambrequin with the help of ribbons and are decorated with roses, tassels and corners. In order not to cover the entire window, the drapery floors, gathered in folds, fit snugly against the window frame.
Along with the drapery, there are also curtains made of light fabric - usually of fine silk, less often of tulle, trimmed with vertical ruffles. At the bottom, these curtains end with a flounce. They were used, as a rule, only in the evening, when candles were lit, they were raised during the day.
In the houses of the rural aristocracy during the Rococo period, drapery is used, consisting of many scallops. It also leaves the entire windows open to allow more light to enter the rooms. Draperies of this type were made of silk in pastel colors and combined with curtains made of light fabric. Compared to the draperies in the houses of the urban nobility, this drapery looked much more modest, having significantly fewer decorative elements, including ribbons, tassels, etc.
Romanesque and Gothic curtains
The incorporation of draperies into interiors is determined by architecture. Windowless spaces of antiquity and small colored glass windows of the early Christian era did not require curtains, which significantly reduce the illumination of the living space. We can talk about the systematic use of fabrics for window decoration, starting with the Romanesque style.
The Romanesque style dominated Europe in the years 1000-12500. and reached its greatest flowering in Germany and France. Romanesque architecture has a heavy castle character. It is dominated by powerful walls, semicircular doors, short and thick columns, cruciform and barrel vaults, semi- and round windows.
A semicircle is a typical Romanesque window shape. Light penetrated weakly through such windows, so the windows were decorated with cloth very little. These were exclusively transverse curtains. The curtain rail (cornice) of the Romanesque era was round. Carved in a zigzag line, it adorned the simple architecture of the interior. Like furniture, it was made of dark wood. Along with the transverse curtains, carpets and heavy draperies served as protection from the cold.
Gothic. The freely developing art of Gothic was widespread in Europe in the years 1250-1450. along with the antique. In contrast to the Romanesque style, Gothic architecture is dominated by vertical, upward-looking buildings. Lancet vaults are the dominant element of this style. Columns and pilasters get a big change in Gothic. The bases of the columns are coal, and the capitals take the shape of a bowl. The cup-shaped capital is enclosed by an abacus heavily decorated with foliage. All forms of pointed vaults appear in the ornaments, as well as local plant motifs: leaves of oak, maple, grapes, ivy. Geometric shapes, cruciform leaves, and "crabs" are spreading. Various coats of arms are less common, mainly in the early Gothic. Painting on glass (stained-glass windows), motifs of animals and plants are especially familiar to the Gothic.
And for the Gothic style, cross curtains were the predominant element of the window. The curtain rail is wooden and has a profile borrowed from architecture. Like the Gothic style furniture, it is light.
The interior is complemented by lancet wall hangings, tapestries and carpets.
Roller blinds
Roller blinds are the best alternative to vertical or horizontal blinds, which were previously used everywhere, but now they can only be found on the windows of offices and industrial premises.
Thanks to the variety of fabrics for roller blinds, you can easily choose the desired light intensity in the room. If you need to get rid of blinding sunlight, to make it diffuse and glare-free, then you can choose any of the special translucent or perforated fabrics, the most suitable for you in color. If you want to create twilight in a room, for example, in a nursery, then roller blinds made of fabric that do not transmit light will help you with this. The choice of fabric colors is also extensive.
Although roller blinds do not regulate the light flux in the same way as blinds, but unlike them, they are harmoniously combined with curtains and curtains, allowing you to make the window decoration both decorative and functional. At the same time, due to a decrease in the consumption of curtain or curtain fabrics, the total cost of window decoration does not increase.
Thanks to roller blinds, you do not have to constantly pull in and open the curtains - in the daytime to protect yourself from the sun, and in the evening - from unwanted glances. Neatly laid curtains will always delight you and your guests with their beauty, and the roller blind will instantly help create an atmosphere of comfort and privacy.
Roller blinds become irreplaceable if only thin transparent fabrics - veil or organza - are used in window decoration. Tailored to the color of the walls or the fabric used, roller blinds carry the main functional load, remaining almost invisible against the background of elegantly decorated windows.
A chain or spring mechanism is usually used to control roller blinds. If desired, you can use a remote control - by means of an electric drive.
Pleated curtains.
Pleated curtains are fabric folded like an accordion and fixed on a special cornice.
In apartments decorated in a modern style or in country houses with panoramic windows, winter gardens, glazed pools, that is, wherever fabrics are inappropriate during the day, but are urgently needed in the evening, pleated curtains are simply irreplaceable. They combine maximum functionality and decorativeness.
During the day, folded pleated curtains are almost invisible against the background of the window. The cornice fixed to the frame allows it not only to open freely, but also, thanks to special brackets for plastic windows, is securely held without drilling the frame. Wall and ceiling mounting options for the cornice are also possible.
If necessary, during the day or in the evening, thanks to the ease of operation, the pleated curtains can be easily closed, fixing at any desired height. A similar design, freely used on complex-shaped windows (arch, trapezoid, pyramid, etc.), is not found in any of the textile décor options anymore.
Pleated fabrics are presented in a wide range of colors, they can be plain or patterned. These are translucent veils and nets, fabric imitating paper, classic crepe, satin and cached fabrics, fabrics with reflective and sunlight-resistant coating.
One of the additional advantages is the ability to make double pleated curtains, combining various fabrics, translucent - daytime and not transmitting or scattering sunlight - at night. The curtains are transferred from one state to another instantly, just closing the day option, you open the night one or vice versa, this makes it possible to regulate the luminous flux within wide limits. You can also fold the curtains completely.
When used on loggias and dormers, blinds and roller blinds act as competitors to pleated blinds, but, unlike them, pleated is much more aesthetically pleasing and functional, although more expensive. But the practicality, convenience and beauty that pleats add to the interior, creating a certain style and effect, cannot be compared with the savings received from ordering rolls or blinds.
A fashionable novelty in 2018 in the decoration of windows steel roller blinds "Night City" with perforation... Thanks to its modern design style, this type of blinds can become an original accent in various interiors, both residential and commercial premises, for example, cafes and restaurants. The information was taken from the website of the blinds manufacturer - ABC, for which many thanks to the system administrator.
The history of the appearance of the "night city"
The idea of perforated curtains is credited to the designer Ida Thonsgaard from Scandinavia. She came up with the idea to make a lot of small round holes on the dense black fabric for the curtains of one of her customers. The effect exceeded all expectations: at night, when the light of street lamps passed through this perforation, a picture of white pearls appeared on the floor and walls in the room.
An unusual idea was later put on stream; it was most successfully implemented in roller blinds. Perforation of the type of night cities around the world is recognized as the most successful image for them. Less commonly, this option is used on blinds, metal or wood, the lamellas of which are made with perforation over the entire area. In Russia roller blinds "Night City" perforated are produced by several different manufacturers at once.
Description
Blinds "Night City" roller blind systems are produced in the form of black dense fabrics. Small rectangles or squares are carved into the fabric through which light passes. For a perforated pattern, designers usually choose the most famous and recognizable cities: London, New York, Barcelona, Paris, Tokyo, Sydney and others.
Images roller blinds "Night City" with detailing of each building, they look spectacular both at night and during the day. In the dark, one gets the impression that a window in the distance is a stunning panorama of the night metropolis. In the light of day, when the sun breaks through the gaps, it seems that you see skyscrapers in bright golden lights.
Recommend to watch video from the manufacturer (taken from the vastness of YouTube). It presents - perforated roller blinds in a cassette system, and also in brown, in my opinion this system is optimal for such curtains, since there will be no gaps on the sides, like a free-hanging mini system, watch a video about the mini system just below this review ...
The drawing, making its way through the perforation of the roller blind, casts bewitching shadows on the walls, floor of the room and furniture during the day. At night, if the light is on in the room, then it breaks through roller blinds city will surprise passers-by with an elegant luminous pattern.
On roller blinds, in addition to the night panorama of the city, any other image, pattern or drawing can be applied, for example, starry sky.
Manufacturing
To make such a complex and small perforated pattern as city, blinds undergo a lengthy and laborious procedure. The curtain for the roller blind is stretched on a special machine. The image on the tissue is made with a special laser device with software control. This device, called a burner, is similar in principle to a soldering iron. Burning a pattern over the fabric with a burner is called guilloche.
A hole in the fabric of the required size is made by a needle, heated to a very high temperature. At the same time, the edges of the perforated hole are cauterized, so the fabric does not crumble in the future. Usually, artificial panels are used for burning, they are more convenient for work. When creating a pattern, you can reduce or increase the light transmittance of the roller blind up to 50%, 40% and even 30% by reducing the diameter of the perforation.
Watch the video below the manufacturing process for "Night City".
Manufacturing video
Video: Manufacturing of perforated roller blinds night city on laser equipment.
Review, measurement, purchase, installation from the manufacturer
The most complete video I could find on YouTube. After looking at it, I think you will not have any questions about perforated roller blinds.
Fabric for the "night city"
For the manufacture of roller blinds with perforation Blackout opaque curtains with 90-100% shading are usually used. It is very dense, keeps its shape well, serves for a long time and does not fade in the sun. The reverse side of the canvas - the one that faces the street - is of a light color with a glossy reflective surface, which allows the heat to dissipate in hot weather.
Fabrics for blinds night city covered with a special impregnation with an antistatic and dust-repellent effect. Therefore, they are easy to care for, they do not require special care, you just need to regularly wipe the dust.
In addition to the version with black fabric, manufacturers order and roller blinds with perforation with lighter perforated fabric. Such curtains are in demand in the south, where protection from the sun is needed. In this case, the bright light becomes more diffused, and the effect of the shadow pattern is preserved.
Image format
These are the standard night city picture formats for roller blinds night city with perforation... Before manufacturing with the customer, you need to agree on the dimensions of future products. Perforated canvases can be installed both on plastic windows and on a large size product that can cover the entire window opening. Based on the dimensions of the window sashes, a sketch will be provided. The working sketch will show which part of the drawing will go to this or that sash. The size of the perforated rectangular holes in the fabric will also be discussed. As a percentage, you can either increase or decrease them. This will affect the lighting in the room.
The options for making a night city and a starry sky are constantly being supplemented, so at the time of reading this article, it is possible that manufacturers have a much larger range of standard images. In the meantime, look at the photos below, of what has already found its lucky owners.
Photos roller blinds city night
