How to use a submersible pump. Submersible pump for a well in the country - choose a quality unit

Submersible pump for a well in the country

Manual gates, cranes and other mechanical devices for raising water in buckets have long been considered an anachronism. Today, electric pumps are widely used for these purposes. About what they are, what are the advantages and disadvantages of various types and how to choose a pump for a well - will be discussed in our material. All household electric pumps for a well are of only two types: vibration and centrifugal.

Vibrating well pumps

The working mechanism of the vibration pump is an electromagnet, the core of which is attached to the membrane. Under the action of alternating current, the core of the electromagnet, and with it the piston, made in the form of a rubber membrane, reciprocate.

Check valves are installed at the inlet and outlet of the vibration pump. During operation, water is pumped in the direction set by the check valves.

Advantages of vibration pumps

Vibration pumps have a very simple design, are very reliable and easy to repair. After several years of operation, the membrane may break, but it is very easy to change, and it is quite cheap.

High level of protection against electric shock. To obtain vibration, not a contact breaker is used, as, for example, in an electric bell, but an alternating current frequency. The absence of open contacts and reliable sealing of the points of connection to the magnet winding provide electrical protection even if water penetrates to the winding.

Unassuming. Due to the absence of complex mechanical components, the pump remains operational for a very long time under the most difficult operating conditions, including a large difference in the upper and lower levels in the well, the presence of sand, silt and other mechanical impurities in the water.

Disadvantages and problems of vibration pumps

Vibration raises turbidity from the bottom of the well. This is a known problem with vibratory pumps, and therefore they are rarely used for permanent water supply. Partially, the problem can be solved by preliminary preparation of the bottom, in the form of a pillow of fine gravel.

The design of most vibratory pumps is designed to connect a flexible hose, not a rigid HDPE pipe. Therefore, they are not suitable for underground plumbing to the house. And in this regard, the vibration pump cannot be used in winter.

The vibration of the pump is a source of noise that increases as the water in the well decreases. The fastening is not rigid, but on a rope, which must be regularly inspected to check the integrity.

The main disadvantage is limited productivity, which is only enough for the domestic needs of an average country house, or for irrigation.

Centrifugal submersible pumps

All these shortcomings are deprived of pumps of centrifugal or rotary type. In them, the water is accelerated by the impeller and, due to the centrifugal effect, is pushed into the pipe. These devices are produced in three versions: submersible well, borehole. They differ from each other only in the diameter of the body and appearance.

Well centrifugal pump

This rather voluminous - wide unit, and usually only one rotor is installed inside it. Due to the large diameter of the impeller, it is enough to provide the desired performance. Well submersible pumps are cheaper than well pumps due to a simpler device.

Downhole centrifugal pumps

The small thickness of downhole pumps is dictated by the diameter of the downhole casing pipe. In addition, they usually work at greater depths and are equipped with more powerful engines to push the column of water to such a height. To compensate for the decrease in the centrifugal effect due to the small diameter of the rotor, such devices use a multi-stage impeller.

Advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal pumps

Advantages:

High performance.
Low noise level at work.
Increased water supply height.
Connecting HDPE pipe.

Flaws:

higher cost.
Service complexity.
Higher requirements for the absence of sand in the water.

Choose the model and manufacturer of the pump

The specific choice of the pump is made based on the scope of its application: summer or year-round, for periodic or permanent use will be used. When buying a certain model, such a parameter as the planned volume of water consumption, as well as the height of the supply from the pump to the storage tank, is important. All these parameters must be indicated by the manufacturer in the passport, less often in the instruction manual.

As for the pump manufacturer, it is best to focus on the opinion of your neighbors who already use such devices for their needs. In addition, you should ask the opinion of the workers of the nearest workshop for the repair of this equipment.

Lastly, the selection of the pump must be done according to advertising or the advice of the seller. Their goal is to sell the goods more profitably and your interests are taken into account last. In any case, it makes sense to give preference to a well-known brand and a higher price.

How to install a submersible well pump

The submersible pump must always be in the water column. For vibration units, the water intake is located on the top cover. This protects the pump from sand from the bottom. However, the distance from the bottom should be about a meter, or even more if the water level permits. Similar requirements are put forward when installing centrifugal pumps.

How to avoid overheating when using submersible pumps

Many modern models of units have a float switch. Its task is to turn off the pump when the water level drops below the permissible level. When installing such a pump, it is imperative to provide a place in the well for free movement of the float. Otherwise, the water will be pumped out until the moment its level drops below the pump inlet. And this is fraught with overheating of the motor and its failure. The role of a float can be played by an idle relay installed at the point where the supply pipe is connected to the internal water supply.

So that the pipe from the pump to the house does not air after the engine is turned off, a check valve must be placed between it and the vertical pipe. It will hold a column of water, and it will flow into the water supply immediately after power is applied.

The pump is suspended in the water on a durable waterproof cable. If there is such an opportunity, you can additionally tie it to a support driven into the bottom or to the wall of the well. This will reduce vibrations and swaying that weaken the joint and seal at pipe connections.

Outcome

Modern well pumps allow you to forget about manual water intake forever and provide power to a private water supply system no worse than central water supply. When choosing a pump for a summer residence, pay attention to its characteristics, read reviews and consult with neighbors, this will help to avoid problems and frequent equipment breakdowns.

To equip a full-fledged water supply system in a country house or in a country house, it’s not enough just to dig a well with good water, you also need to organize the delivery of this water to the house or to other water points. If the depth of the well exceeds 8 - 10 m, and the well itself is located at a distance from the house, a submersible pump for the well is used to supply water. Such units can supply water to a height of up to 60 - 90 m under pressure, spending much less energy than surface pumps. Also, an indisputable advantage of submersible pumps for wells is the relative silence of their operation, you can only hear how the relay clicks. During winter operation, the submerged pump is protected from freezing, and it works more stably and smoothly at any time of the year. The most important thing when operating a submersible pump is to choose the right model for your needs and correctly install the pump in the well, firmly fixing it in a suspended state, and also observe some nuances.

Choosing a submersible pump for a well

The main difference between a submersible pump and a surface pump is that the submersible pump operates completely immersed in water, which cools the engine and the body of the unit. When the water level in the well drops to a critical level, the pump turns off to avoid the so-called "dry run" and not overheat. For operation in wells, both well pumps and borehole pumps can be used. They are arranged almost the same and differ only in shape, size and price. The submersible price for a pump for a well is slightly lower than for a borehole pump. This is mainly due to the fact that the well pump has an elongated cylindrical shape and a small diameter so that it can be immersed in a narrow well. But for a well, this is rather a disadvantage. To install a submersible pump, there is a rule that the water level above the pump and below must be at least 1 m. If you use a borehole pump 90 cm long and the well is shallow, then it is almost impossible to comply with this requirement. In any case, if you install the pump in a vertical position. But, despite this, borehole pumps are used in wells even more often than well pumps, simply by choosing the right sizes.

In total, there are several types of pumps that can be used in wells, these are centrifugal pumps, vortex, screw and vibration. They differ in the principle of operation.

The main difference between vibration pumps is that they do not have rotating parts and elements. Inside the pump housing there is a core with a winding. As soon as current is applied to the core, an electromagnetic field is formed around it. This field attracts the rod attached to the piston. At this time, water is sucked into the intake chamber, as a vacuum is created in it. After a fraction of a second, the electromagnetic field disappears, the rod returns to its original place. At this moment, the check valve at the inlet to the pump closes and, under the action of the pressure of the piston, water from the inlet chamber is pushed into the chamber behind the piston. When the next time the rod with the piston is attracted to the core, the water from the chamber behind the piston will be pushed into the pipeline leading to the consumer.

All movements of the rod, in fact, are vibrations, from which the name of the pumps comes from - vibration. These vibrations are not capable of harming the well, since there are no parts in it that can collapse. But if the well is built on quicksand, then the use of vibration pumps is not recommended, as they negatively affect fragile soils. Also, if the pump is not located too far from the bottom of the well, then it is likely that with its vibrations it will lift fine dusty sand particles from the bottom and suck them in. As a result, dirty water will flow from the tap. In other cases, vibration pumps can be safely installed in wells.

Vibration pumps are a cheap category, which is why summer residents often choose them for temporary use. It produces a vibration submersible pump for a well in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and China. The most common models are "Baby", "Brook", "Brook-1", "Harvest", "Aquarius", "Summer resident" and others. The average price of such pumps is $50.

Vibratory pumps are considered reliable as they have no parts that can overheat from friction, no rotating parts, and no bearings that need to be lubricated. However, a more solid choice would be a centrifugal well pump.

Centrifugal pumps have a fundamentally different structure and work differently. Inside the pump housing there is an impeller, on which the blades are fixed, which are bent against the movement of the impeller. Also inside there is a motor that drives the impeller with a shaft. As a result of the rotation of the impeller, a centrifugal force arises, which sucks water into the pump and pushes it to the outlet of the pump into the pipeline. In the middle of the impeller, a reduced pressure is formed, and closer to the walls of the blades - on the periphery - on the contrary, an increased pressure is formed. Under the influence of this pressure difference, water is pumped first to the center, and then goes up to the pipeline.

The centrifugal submersible pump must only be operated completely submerged in water. "Dry run" must not be allowed. Also, immersion in water is its thermal protection not only from “dry running”, but also from an accidental power surge or other emergency. Therefore, centrifugal submersible pumps are equipped with special automation or floats that signal a drop in water level to a critical level.

The housing of submersible centrifugal pumps can be made of plastic or stainless steel. More expensive and durable models are stainless steel pumps. They are not afraid of abrasive particles, sand and have excellent performance characteristics. Also, the advantage of such pumps is the ability to pump water with a sand content of up to 185 g/m3.

The price range for centrifugal submersible pumps is quite large: from $80 up to 700 USD depending on quality and manufacturer. It produces submersible pumps for wells in Italy, Germany, Denmark, China, Russia and Ukraine. The most expensive and reliable pumps are Italian Pedrollo and ZDS, Germanic Wilo and Danish Grundfos. Budget, but high-quality units are produced by domestic Water cannon. But whether or not to buy a Chinese-made pump is up to you. Perhaps it makes sense to buy a domestic pump, it will be no less reliable.

What performance submersible pump to choose

The required performance of the pump depends entirely on the flow of water in the water supply. It should equal or be slightly more than the needs of residents in the water. You can determine the required water flow by summing the flow from different consumers, for example, a washbasin, a kitchen sink, a shower and a washing machine. First you need to make a list of all plumbing fixtures that will be used, then look in table 1 for the value of water flow through them and sum them up.

The next step is to determine the actual flow rate per unit of time. After all, the inclusion of all plumbing fixtures at the same time is unlikely. Therefore, the real consumption will be less, it can be seen in table 2. Sometimes, instead of tables, the real consumption is determined by multiplying the consumption of all consumers by 0.6 - 0.8. This means that 60 - 80% of plumbing fixtures will work at the same time. But this method is not entirely correct, especially when it comes to the water supply of a large mansion, where there may be many plumbing fixtures, but few residents.

In the tables, the data are indicated in l / h, and in the characteristics of the pump, most often in m3 / h, so the resulting value must be multiplied by 3.6.

Pump performance calculation example:

If there are such plumbing fixtures in the house:

Electric water heater - 0.1 l/s;
Shower with mixer - 0.09 l/s;
Watering tap - 0.3 l / s;
Sink in the kitchen - 0.15 l / s;
Wash basin - 0.09 l/s;
Toilet - 0.1 l / s.

Let's summarize consumers' expenses: 0.1+0.09+0.3+0.15+0.09+0.1=0.83 l/s.

The value of 0.83 l / s corresponds to the value of 0.48 l / s according to table 2. We translate the value into m3 / h: 0.48 * 3.6 \u003d 1.73 m3 / h. If the pump capacity is indicated in l / h, then 0.48 * 3600 \u003d 1728 l / h ≈ 1700 l / h.

Among the entire range of submersible pumps for wells, suitable models can be distinguished Pedrollo 4SR 2m/7 productivity 2 m3/h, 63 Aquarius NVP-0.32-63U with a capacity of 1.8 m3 / h and a Chinese unit 80 Aquatica 96 (80 m)- 2 m3/h. It is possible to more accurately determine the model of a suitable pump only after head calculations.

Determining the head of a submersible pump

The required pressure of a submersible pump depends on the depth of the well, the water surface and the distance of the well from the house. To calculate the pressure, use the formula:

Htr- the required pressure of the submersible pump for the well;

Hgeo- height difference between the depth of the well and the highest point in the water supply system;

Hloss- the sum of all pressure losses in the pipeline from the friction of water on the material of the water supply system, in swivel joints and tees. This indicator is calculated individually for each project, which takes into account the number of tees, corner elements in the pipeline, pipe material. We will not bother too much and just add 25% to the calculations for losses.

Hfree- free pressure required for comfortable use of plumbing. So that when you open the tap there is a normal pressure, and not a thin stream. This indicator is usually taken 12 - 20 m, the minimum allowable value is 5 m.

An example of calculating the head of a submersible pump:

If the water supply in the house is arranged in this way:

Well depth - 10 m;
The height of the water in the well is 3 m from the top;
Pump immersion depth - 8.5 m;
The well is located at a distance from the house - 10 m;
The house is two-storey, water supply to the second floor is 5 m.

Total, Hgeo=8.5+5=13.5 m.

We calculate the loss in a horizontal pipeline as follows: for every 10 m of a horizontal pipeline, 1 m of pressure is lost and we add 20%, i.e. head loss will be equal to:

Hloss=1+2=3 m.

Let's take 20 m.

Total Htr=13.5+3+20=36.5 m.

Conclusion: we need a submersible pump with a capacity equal to or greater than 1728 l / h and a head of 36 - 40 m. The following pumps correspond to these characteristics: 63 Aquarius NVP-0.32-63U,25 Sprut 90QJD 109-0.37, 80 Aquatica 96, 45 Pedrollo 4SR 2m/7 and many others. Almost all submersible pumps have a head of more than 40 m. As the reviews show on submersible pumps for wells, it is best to use Italian Pedrollo pumps, they have the smallest percentage of breakdowns.

Pump dimensions and other amenities

When choosing a submersible pump for a well, pay attention to its dimensions. As a rule, the diameter of the pump does not matter, but the length significantly affects the safety of operation. For example, if our well has the characteristics as described in the example above - a depth of 10 m, and water starts already from 3 m from the top, then any pumps can be used in it, including long borehole submersible pumps 90 cm long and more. After all, both above and below the pump there will be a sufficient layer of water. If there is not much water in the well, for example, only 1.5 m from the bottom to the top of the water, then long pumps cannot be used. In such cases, it is necessary to pay attention to submersible well pumps.

Compared to well pumps, submersible well pumps have better cooling and are less sensitive to sand and other solids. In addition, they are equipped with float switches that protect the unit from "dry running".

In submersible pumps for a well, the water intake hole is located at the bottom, there is also a filter that protects against large solid particles entering inside. But there are also models with a pipe that sucks water from the surface layer of water, a floating filter is installed on it, which is supported by a float. This is the most convenient pump option for a well with a small amount of water. Also, a similar intake method prevents the situation when sand is sucked from the bottom of the well.

After buying a submersible pump for a well, the question arises of how to install it in a well and how to conduct plumbing. In fact, these tasks are not so difficult, although there are some nuances that must be observed. It is better to install the pump together or even three together, a well is such a thing, you never know, and there will always be a safety net.

Excavation

First of all, even before the pump is directly installed in the well, it is necessary to stretch the water supply leading from the well to the house. To do this, we dig a trench from the house to the well. It is desirable that the trench does not have turns and bends, but is flat, this will ensure minimal pressure loss. The depth of the trench should be below the freezing level of the soil, i.e. approximately 1 - 1.5 m.

So, we dig a trench 1.5 m deep and 40 - 50 cm wide. There should be no sharp stones, glass and construction debris at the bottom of the trench. We carry out a sand pillow - we fill the bottom of the trench with sand with a layer of 15 - 20 cm. Next, you need to spread the geotextile in which the water pipe will be wrapped. Now you can start laying pipes.

Laying of water pipes

For street water supply, several types of pipes can be used - steel pipes, metal-plastic, stainless, polypropylene and ordinary garden hoses. The latter are suitable only for temporary water supply, which will be used to water the garden or garden in the spring and summer season. Steel pipes are subject to corrosion and there is a lot of trouble with them, therefore, polypropylene pipes, stainless steel or metal-plastic pipes are used for stationary water supply.

We connect the pipe segments to each other in length from the house to the well.
Then we wrap them with heat-insulating material and put them into a pipe of a larger diameter. Usually, either an asbestos pipe or a plastic sewer pipe is used. In fact, the "sandwich" pipe-in-pipe system serves as protection against mechanical stress and protects the heat-insulating material from destruction.

We lay the resulting sandwich pipe in a trench and mark the places for inserting the water pipe into the well and into the wall of the house. Next, you can temporarily remove the pipe to make holes in the wall of the well and the wall of the house or foundation.
A hole with a diameter of 15 cm is cut out in the wall of the well. Inside, we insert a sleeve with a length of at least 0.5 m, cover the hole around the sleeve with a cement-sand mortar, and after drying, we waterproof it with bituminous mastic.
Again we lay the pipe in the trench and draw its end through the sleeve. The water pipe must extend into the well at least 25 cm.

At the end of the water pipe, we install a drain valve with a tee. A drain valve will come in handy in case of emergency draining of water from the water supply system. Turning the pipe down leads it to the pump installation site.

Next, you need to calculate the distance from the drain tap to the installation site of the submersible pump and cut off a segment of the water pipe of this length.

We proceed to the installation of a submersible pump.

The submersible pump is suspended in the well with a cable. Since the end of the cable must be fixed to something, we first make a mounting frame. The easiest way is to weld a square frame from a 50x50 mm steel corner, which will be installed on the head of the well. A hole is made in one of the corners through which the end of the cable will be pulled and then fixed.

We lay the pump at the end of the pipe section, which will connect the pump to the tee leading to the pipeline.
We unwind the electrical cable connecting the pump to the network and lay it next to the pipe.
Then we install a check valve on the pump outlet, if it is not installed at the factory. In this case, we use packing sanitary ware.
We attach a plastic or brass coupling to the check valve.

We attach the pipe to the coupling.
Next, the electrical cable must be attached to the water pipe so that it does not hang out in the well. To do this, it can be tied to the pipe with electrical tape in increments of 0.5 m or plastic clamps can be used. It is necessary to wind the electrical cable with a slight sag.
To suspend the pump in the well, you can use a steel cable, galvanized cable or nylon cable. It is pointless to use steel - it will quickly rust. Therefore, there are only two options - galvanized and kapron. You can take any. We thread the safety cable into the lugs on the head of the pump and fix it.
Having laid it all out in a straight line: a pipe, an electric cable and a safety cable, we begin to slowly lower the pump into the well. This will require at least two people. Carefully lower the pump into the well, holding it by the safety cable. Lifting the pump by the power cable is prohibited.

When the pump descends to the required depth, it is necessary to fasten the second end of the safety cable to our frame. To do this, the end is threaded through the hole and fixed.

Now you need to connect the vertical pipe with a tee. To do this, someone must go down into the well and connect them with an American with tow and sanitary paste.
The electrical cable is brought out through the top or also led into the trench if it is planned to lead it into the house in this way.

After installing the pump in the well, you can start laying the pipeline through the foundation and leading it to the installation site of the plumbing equipment - a hydraulic accumulator, filters and a boiler. When all the pipes are installed, the pipeline in the trench is wrapped in geotextile, covered with sand with a layer of 10 cm, and then covered with soil.

To automate the operation of a submersible pump and make it more comfortable, an automation relay (pressure switch) and a hydraulic accumulator are used.

The accumulator is a membrane tank, which is partly filled with water and partly with air. When the water tank fills up, the air pressure increases; when there is less water, the air pressure drops. In fact, the accumulator is a transshipment point for water between the well and consumers. To prevent the pump from turning on every time the tap of the plumbing fixture opens, a hydraulic accumulator is used. Its capacity is enough for several hours of use.

When the air pressure in the accumulator drops to a critical level, the pressure switch is activated and turns on the pump, which immediately fills the accumulator with water. As soon as the container is full, the pressure switch will give a signal to turn off the pump.

The pressure switch and the accumulator are installed indoors. The relay is installed horizontally from above so that condensate does not flow inside. The electrical cables leading to the relay are protected by a corrugation. The pressure switch is connected through an RCD with a leakage current of 10 mA and a 6 A cut-off switch.

Installing a submersible pump in a well is associated with only one difficulty - the fact that it is necessary to go down into the well to the level of the sleeve in order to connect the pipes. But this can be avoided if a flexible hose or pipe is used for the pipeline. Then all the work can be done from above without going down. Also note that if you do not have the opportunity to conduct water supply below the freezing level of the soil, then you can not bury the pipes, but wrap them with a heating cable so that they do not freeze.

A pumping unit is the main element of any water supply system. The efficiency and reliability of the entire system largely depends on the correctness of its choice.

For the arrangement of wells and wells today, two types of pumps are used - surface and submersible.

We will talk about the existing varieties, technical parameters and features of the choice of submersible installations in our article.

Types and characteristics of submersible pumps

According to the principle of operation, submersible installations designed for pumping clean water are divided into four categories:

vibration;
centrifugal;
vortex;
screw (screw).

The former are used to supply water from wells and wells dug in sandy soils. Their main advantages are reliability, simplicity of design and affordable price. The most popular brands are "Rucheyok" and "Kid".

The principle of operation of the vibrating pump is the interaction of the magnetic field of the coil with a steel rod, on which a rubber diaphragm is mounted. Alternating current causes the rod to oscillate at a frequency of 50 Hz. They are transferred to an elastic diaphragm, which creates a vacuum in the working chamber. Under its action, water from the source moves into the pump housing and is pushed out of it into the water pipe.

When choosing a submersible pump for a well or well, one should not forget about the advantages of centrifugal installations. They are able to lift water from a great depth, therefore they are used not only in wells, but also in artesian wells. The basis of such a pump is a wheel with blades mounted on an electric motor shaft. When it rotates, pressure is created in the housing, pushing water into the supply line.

Submersible centrifugal pumps

According to the design features, single and multistage centrifugal pumps are distinguished. The number of lifting steps they have is equal to the number of impellers with blades. The more of them, the more powerful and productive the installation.

Vortex pumps are similar in principle to centrifugal pumps. They are used to lift fluid from deep wells.

The name of the screw pump speaks for itself. The main element of the installation is a screw (auger), the rotation of which creates pressure in the working chamber. Such pumps are placed in artesian wells and wells. They are distinguished by high reliability and the ability to pump liquids with a large amount of abrasive particles (sand) without breakdowns.

Water supply scheme using submersible pumps

For the correct installation of the water supply system, it is necessary to clearly understand what elements it consists of. Beginners in this business will be helped by the connection diagram of the deep pump, which indicates their location and name.

It should be noted that there is no fundamental difference in connecting vibration, centrifugal, screw and vortex pumps. All these units are paired with a check valve, which is placed next to the pump or in front of the hydroaccumulation tank.

The installation of a deep pump does not bypass the use of a pressure switch in the water supply circuit. It is responsible for maintaining the pressure in the line within the limits specified by the user (or manufacturer).

Motor protection against overheating (when the water level drops below the pump) is provided by a dry-running relay mounted on the water pipe. It should be noted that a submersible pump equipped with a “frog” float switch does not need to install such a relay. When the water level drops below its body, protection is triggered and the engine turns off.

A hydraulic accumulator tank is necessary for the operation of any pumping unit (both deep and surface). This is a buffer element that reduces the frequency of switching on the pump, extending its life. If there is no hydraulic accumulator in the system, then the engine will turn on after each opening of the water tap and the pump will quickly fail. You can do without it only if a storage tank with a level sensor is installed in the attic of the house. After pumping water into it, the pump turns off until the liquid is used up to the level set by the user. After that, the sensor will give the pump a command to turn on and the cycle will repeat.

A drain valve on the line is also required. Without it, you will not be able to free the pipes, boiler and storage tank from water for repair or maintenance of the system.

In what cases is it advantageous to install a submersible pump, and in which pumping station?

Gathering, you need to solve the issue of choosing the type of pumping unit.

A surface station is the best option for such initial data of the water supply system:

The distance from the water source to the building is small (15-20 meters).
The lifting height does not exceed 8-12 meters.

If the well or well is deep, and you need to pull at least 30 meters of a water pipe to the building, then it is better to buy a powerful submersible pump. An important plus of such a unit is reliability in operation and the absence of the need for insulation of the pit (when installed in the yard).

Since the submersible pump is located in a well or well, the noise from its operation in the house is not heard. The pumping station, on the contrary, even when installed in the basement, needs good sound insulation.

There is one purely psychological moment that affects the choice of a pumping station, all other things being equal to the supply conditions (pressure, productivity) with a submersible pump. This is a higher assembly readiness of the installation. In one module, a pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure gauge, a pressure switch and a dry-running protection relay are mounted here. With a submersible pump, the main components are supplied separately, so it is not easy for beginners to assemble them into a single system.

Manufacturers have found a way out of this situation and offer customers household submersible installations, consisting of only two parts - a pump and an automation unit already connected to a hydraulic accumulator tank.

How to choose the right submersible pump?

If in the last century the pump "Kid" or "Brook" was the dream of a summer resident, today a huge range of submersible pumps is presented on the market.

At the same time, the installation selection algorithm remained unchanged and includes only two parameters:

Pump capacity (m3/h);
Pressure (meters).

These two quantities are inversely proportional to each other. This means that the more productivity the installation develops, the less depth it will be able to raise water.

To illustrate this fact, we propose to study table No. 1, which shows the relationship between the main parameters of the pump.

In the pump passport, the manufacturer indicates two extreme values: maximum flow (capacity) and maximum pressure. Therefore, when buying a pump with a head of 85 meters, remember that with such a rise, its supply to the water supply will be zero. The actual performance of the unit is in the middle. They should be taken into account when studying passport data.

Let's answer together the question of which submersible pump is better to choose, based on the data in table No. 1. Let's say that the height of the rise in the well (or well) is 8 meters (6 meters to the water table + 2 meters to submerge the pump). The distance to the house is 30 meters, the height of the water in the house (to the second floor) is 5 meters.

For simplicity, the pressure loss in a horizontal section of a water pipe is assumed to be 1 meter per 10 meters of pipe length.

Another value that must be taken into account is the pressure loss to overcome filters, tees and pipe bends. You can accurately calculate it using special tables. We will approximately take this value equal to 10% of the head.

Water must enter the accumulator at a pressure of 1.5 to 3.0 atmospheres (bar). This will additionally require from 15 to 30 meters of pump pressure (we take 20 meters for calculation).

The final figure will look like this:

Vertical rise - 8 + 5 = 13 m.
Horizontal feed - 30 m x 0.1 = 3 m.
Creation of pressure in the system - 20 m.

Total: 13 + 3 + 20 \u003d 36 m + 36 x 0.10 (for losses) \u003d 40 meters of pressure.

In our table, this pressure corresponds approximately to a pump capacity of 0.55 m3 / h. Is it a lot or a little? For a family of 2-3 people is enough. For more residents, a more productive installation will be required.

The everyday principle "buy with a margin" when choosing a pump is only partially justified. If you buy a unit whose pressure is 20-25% higher than the calculated one, this is normal. If it exceeds it by 2 times, then you will definitely overpay.

Popular brands and estimated prices

Choosing a deep-well pump, each person tends to buy not too expensive, but the most reliable product.

The German brand Grundfos (Grundfos), as well as the Italian Pedrollo (Pedrolo) and Dab (Dab) deserved high user ratings. Their pumps are of high build quality and reliability in operation.

Anyone who is not constrained by means prefers to buy a submersible pump for a well with automation from one of the indicated brands. Estimated prices for units of average productivity (3 m3 / h) and pressure (70 meters) here are in the range from 25 to 60 thousand rubles.

Models of units designed for wells in the average price range are slightly cheaper from 17 to 30 thousand rubles.

The cost of submersible pumps for wells and wells of domestic manufacturers Belamos, Aquarius, Caliber and Dzhileks is more affordable. The price of the simplest models for water supply from a well starts at 2 thousand rubles. Downhole units cost an average of 9 to 18 thousand rubles.

AQUARIUS BCPE 0.5 - 40 U

Popular among summer residents, vibration-type pumps "Brook" and "Kid" occupy the lowest price group, despite good performance. You can buy such equipment at a price of 1,600 to 2,800 rubles.

Advantages of screw electric pumps:

noiselessness, as the internal parts are carefully processed and do not create friction;
repairs can be carried out outside the service due to a simple internal device;
the screw shaft is a cast structure that is resistant to various positions in the operation of the device, does not break.

Important! If you choose a deep well pump for a screw type well, you can count on a long service life and the ability to use it in any situation for various types of liquids.

Centrifugal and vortex

The centrifugal pump is the most popular model among residents of the private sector, which, however, is not without some drawbacks. The principle of water supply in a centrifugal way sooner or later leads to damage to the impeller - dents, metal cracks appear on it, which can reduce the efficiency of the equipment or even lead to its shutdown.

The centrifugal pump is a productive device capable of create a large stream of water. It is suitable for organizing the water supply of a private house with a large number of water intake points.

The downside is that such equipment can work for a long time only with clean water, without impurities of dirt and sand. If you choose a centrifugal electric pump with a top water intake, then clogging can be reduced, since the suction device is located at the top of the device and is less prone to sand getting inside. In this case, the water in the well will not be pumped out completely. If this is not important in a private house, then the best one is centrifugal with an upper water intake. And vice versa, if you want to completely drain the tank, then you need a device with a lower water intake - for basements, pools, storage tanks. Which one is better and more necessary in the economy - that one is chosen.

Prices for surface pumps

surface pump

Vortex electric pumps desirable use only in clean water. The presence of sand leads to rapid equipment failure. A small efficiency does not allow you to get a lot of pressure, so such equipment is not suitable for the water supply system of a private house.

How to choose a well pump

In order to accurately select a deep well pump for a well, the following parameters must be considered:

distance to the water surface;
performance;
pressure;
water needs on the site or in the house.

To correctly calculate the pressure, you need to add 30 to the depth of the well (indicated in the technical documentation), and multiply by 10% for the margin. For example, the total depth is 30 m, add 30 - it will be 60. Multiply by 10% - it will be 6. All pumps have an indicator up to 8 m. So, such an indicator as 6 m is quite suitable.

A family of 4 needs about 200 liters of water per day, which is 40 liters per minute. For home needs, this performance will be enough. If we take into account the plot of land that needs to be watered, then you need to purchase a pump with a margin.

Attention! An important parameter of submersible equipment is the price. Do not buy too cheap electric pump, because the quality of the connections and the tightness of the case leaves much to be desired.

After the first repair, and it breaks down quickly, the unit will be unusable. Submersible pumps are mounted in such a way that they cling to the cable and descend to the bottom of the well. The cost will also include a rope. The machine for connecting the device is not included in the price of the kit, so you need to provide for the costs.

Popular brands

Russian submersible well electric pumps are popular on the market due to their low cost. The championship is held by the brand "Dzhileks".

A variety of models for all occasions allow you to choose high-quality device for specific purposes- for drinking water, pumping dirty water with impurities, sewage pumps. At a fairly low price, you can buy a good durable device that is resistant to.

According to statistics, every second device for pumping water in the world is manufactured by the Danish company Grundfos. The prices for such equipment are much higher than in Russia. The quality is confirmed by certificates. The company presents a wide range of water pumping devices. When choosing Grundfos brand units, you need to know exactly what parameters the pump should have.

Long work without the need for repair is different Wilo pumping equipment. The warranty period is 10 years. With proper installation and operation, the device can work 3 times longer.

The Italian brand Pedrollo has been on the market for a long time and represents all types of pumping equipment - surface, submersible, semi-submersible.

Important! The best submersible pumps for domestic use are those that fully meet the needs of the home and garden, do not require constant dismantling and repair.

Useful video: rules for choosing a pump for a well

Pumping equipment is not the kind of equipment that you need to save on. A good unit will work for a long time and without interruption, but the cost of high-quality devices will be higher. If you take your time and listen to the opinions of consumers, you can avoid mistakes in the purchase and operation of equipment.