IIS - everything you need to know before opening. What is an individual investment account? A complete overview of IIS and how it works? Getting a tax deduction: where to start

01Apr

Hello. In this article, we will explain what an individual investment account is.

Today you will learn:

1. Benefits of an individual investment account;
2. How to open an account and which bank to choose;
3. How to claim a tax refund.

What is an individual investment account

Individual investment account (abbreviated as IIS) is an agreement that is drawn up between an individual and a management company. According to the concluded agreement, the company has the full right to dispose of the invested funds and them at its own discretion, in order to obtain maximum profit, within one account.

This opportunity has been available to citizens since January 2015. Since that time, everyone could apply to a financial company and open an account. Thanks to its opening, investors get a wonderful opportunity to place their funds in order to maximize profits.

If in Russia this is a relatively new product, which many citizens are only looking at, then in other countries it is an excellent way to invest. For those citizens who have doubts and cannot make their choice, experienced experts are advised to study the experience of the USA, Australia and Japan.

Benefits of an investment account

Any capable citizen over the age of 18 can open an investment account both in a management company and contact brokers. There are many companies in the financial services market that offer such services.

Many citizens have a completely logical question, why an investment account, and not a bank deposit familiar to everyone. It is worth noting that these are completely different types of obtaining guaranteed income. It is by placing funds on IIS that you can get a source of income that is several times higher than the rate set for bank deposits.

Features of working with investment accounts

When opening an account, it is necessary to take into account some features, namely:

• Only one investment account. An individual can open only 1 investment account. You can open in one company, close and transfer an account to another, but it is unacceptable to open a second one and only then close the first one.
• Maximum placement amount. It should be noted right away that you can invest funds only in rubles. The maximum amount per year should not exceed 400,000 rubles. The size of the minimum amount is not indicated, but some financial companies set their own minimum threshold, in the amount of 50,000 rubles.
• tax deductions. This is the so-called pleasant bonus, which is guaranteed to be received by everyone who places funds on an individual account for a period of at least three years. This program provides for the return of tax deductions under two programs: income and contributions. Which program to choose - everyone decides for himself.
• Having a guaranteed income. Since the financial company invests the client's funds, according to the terms of the agreement, the investor receives a fixed percentage. In practice, financial companies invest in securities: stocks or bonds.
• Account validity 3 years. This is the main feature that you should pay special attention to. To receive tax deductions, the account must be opened for at least 3 years. If you choose to close your account before the deadline, no tax deductions will be refunded. If the deductions have already been received earlier, they will need to be returned. Let's take a closer look at an example.

Example: Olga turned to the bank and opened an individual investment account in May 2015 and marked out the maximum amount - 400 thousand rubles. Only in 2018, she can close the account and receive deductions, or receive them earlier at the end of the year and leave the funds in the account until the specified time.

1. At the beginning of 2016, Olga received a deduction in the amount of 52 thousand rubles and left the funds in the account. In addition to the tax deduction, Olga also received additional income from investing in securities in the amount of 13%. In December 2016, the girl needed money, and she completely closed the account, since a partial withdrawal by IIS is not provided. As a result, the tax inspectorate demanded the return of 52,000 rubles. Guaranteed income is non-refundable.
2. Olga in 2016 received a deduction and a guaranteed income. The funds remained in the account. In 2017, the additional income pleased Olga again, and she left the money to work until the end of her term. In 2018, Olga can close the account without financial losses and make a new investment.

Now you know how an individual investment account works and how income is earned in the form of tax deductions.

In which bank to open an investment account

There are many companies, and the choice can only be made in favor of one. How not to make a mistake? Where to open a profitable account and start getting the long-awaited profit? Especially for you, only the best banks have been collected, in which investing will bring you a guaranteed income.

When choosing a company, pay special attention to the offers:

• Sberbank;
• Opening;
• Alfa Bank;
• Tinkoff Bank;
• Gazprombank.

Bank opening"

An investment account with Otkritie Bank can be opened at the office of any bank. The undoubted advantage is that the official website of the company provides a convenient calculator that instantly allows you to determine the amount of income from the selected program.

Alfa Bank

As for the investment account in Alfa-Bank, here you can get a good income. The financial company promises its clients up to 28.2% per year.

The amount of the final profit depends on the chosen program:

• Our future, with a yield of 20.1%;
• New horizons, with a yield of 21.7%
• Growth points, with a maximum income of 28.2%.

Tinkoff Bank

You can open an investment account with Tinkoff Bank only remotely. To open a brokerage account, you must submit an application. It is worth noting that you will have to manage the funds yourself.

Gazprombank

Yield of 8.2% is ready to offer Gazprom Bank. Before opening an investment account with Gazprombank, you can also select a program on the official website and calculate the profitability.

Undoubted leaders are: Savings Bank and VTB. Consider what they are ready to offer their customers.

Sberbank

Savings Bank can be called the leader of the financial market.

Benefits of an investment account with Sberbank:

• One of the big companies that is too big to. Stability, which is maintained by the state, is trustworthy. It turns out that a reliable broker is half the success and a big plus.
• Large branch network throughout the country.
• Opportunity to receive income on the Savings Bank card.

You can open an account both in a bank branch and online through your personal account.

For its customers, the bank has prepared a special material with which you can get additional knowledge:

• Free courses and seminars on IIS;
• A guide on how to make money on stocks, bonds and other financial instruments;
• A course on how to perform operations from anywhere in the world;
• Instruction, .

Clients, having completed training, can easily trade on their own.

Commission for the transaction (brokerage services) from 0.006% to 0.165%. The size of the commission depends on the region in which the transaction is concluded, the amount and the choice of program. The larger the amount, the lower the commission rate.

Savings Bank offers its clients two directions: Independent and Active. You can open IIS only in individual offices, by appointment.

The "Active" tariff is more popular because:

• Great for those citizens who like to make transactions through QUIK;
• It has a minimum commission.
• Applications can be made over the phone.
• From a security point of view, this is an excellent and convenient direction, requiring the introduction of a secret code;
• Applications submitted via telephone should be duplicated at the bank office within 30 days after the telephone application is submitted;
• Bank customers receive a special flash drive for 1990 rubles with an electronic signature;
• If you like to control your account from your mobile phone, then the bank is ready to install a special "mobile version" for only 850 rubles.

VTB 24

Why VTB Bank? The answer is obvious - because it is a large bank that has proven its reliability over the years. As part of the opening of the IIS, the bank proposes to implement the "Dividend Harvester", thanks to which it is legal to withdraw funds from the account earlier than 3 years through dividends.

In addition to the guaranteed 13%, the bank offers additional income obtained by investing in securities.

The financial company has two tariffs to choose from: "Starting" and "General". It is worth noting the undoubted advantage of the first, since it opens completely free of charge. But for the service, be prepared to pay 3,500 rubles.

As for the General tariff, you will need to pay 4,200 rubles for opening it. Account maintenance costs 1,225 rubles.

VTB Bank experts have developed several strategies, thanks to which your funds will work perfectly without your participation. All you need is just to make a choice and start earning.

An investment account with VTB can be opened using one package:

• Business start;
• Business Class;
• Business online;
• Personal;
• All inclusive.

When choosing the minimum package, the client must pay at least 3,700 rubles during the first visit to the bank.

How to open an investment bank account: step by step instructions

An investment account is opened in the same way as a brokerage account. To open, you need to visit a financial company, having a personal passport with you. Some banks ask for additional documents, such as SNILS or.

The procedure for opening an IIS:

1. Choice of financial company.

Since the conditions for opening an account in many companies are similar, the choice will depend solely on their personal preferences. You have to choose the best individual investment account that is on the market.

When making a choice, you should take into account:

• How much the company is represented in the market;
• Experience in this area;
• Positive feedback from satisfied customers;
• Reviews of real investors who used the services of the company and received a good profit;
• Availability of information on the official website (large companies provide "fish" contracts and tariff plans for account maintenance).

1. Filling out an application for opening an account.

An application form for opening an account can be obtained directly from the company in which you decided to open an IIS. Some companies, in order to save their client's time, offer to open an account and fill out an application remotely. It is very convenient and in high demand.

However, there is a small minus - sometimes registration on the website of the State Service and the presence of an electronic signature are required. It turns out that the option is convenient, but not everyone can use it.

1. Signing an agreement.

According to the received application, an account is opened for the client and an individual account agreement is issued for signing. Please read it carefully before signing.

Pay special attention to the section that specifies the size of the broker's commission and your guaranteed profitability. Remember, you must clearly know how much the fees of qualified brokers who will manage your funds are, and how much you can get in cash.

1. Application for opening a personal account.

To control all operations in real time, it is worth writing an application for opening a personal account. It will contain information about the amount of funds in the account and all the operations that the financial company carries out.

1. Opening an account and depositing funds.

After the agreement is signed, the financial company opens an account for its client and sends a notification to the tax company that you have become an official participant in the program.

The smallest thing left is to place funds on the account. If it is not possible to deposit the entire amount at once, then you can open it for the minimum amount and make additional contributions during the year.

What to invest in

The funds that you place on an individual investment account can be invested in:

• , since it is a good profit with minimal risks;
• Bonds, an instrument with low returns and low risks;
• Deposits can only be used as a small addition to investments;
• Mutual funds that combine the so-called golden mean, in which the average return and risks;
• Futures and options are more profitable, but it is better not to use this method without good knowledge.

Experienced investors are advised to invest in securities. When choosing an investment portfolio, it is advised to include stocks and bonds in order to minimize risks. Consider what stocks and bonds are.

Stock

This tool for obtaining a stable income is familiar to many. In most cases, the best returns come from investing in shares of Gazprom, LUKOIL, Savings Bank or VTB. There are stocks of other big companies that will help you well.

If the company develops and the business is successful, then the shares increase in value, if not, then they fall in price. Compared to bonds, they can provide more returns, but there is one small risk - they can drop in price significantly and you will not get anything.

If you decide to open an investment account with a brokerage company, you will need to make your own choice and decide in which instruments to invest. This option is suitable only for experienced investors who have good knowledge and skills.

For beginners, it is better to contact the management company and entrust the case to true professionals for a minimum percentage who will form a balanced package.

Bonds

You can often hear from experienced investors that bonds are the backbone of a successful portfolio.

Bonds are very similar to deposits:

• There is an exact deadline after which the company must pay dividends;
• Fixed coupon price that is paid out.

The only difference between a bond and a deposit is that the former can be easily sold at any time, at a set price.

Bonds are a conservative investment tool that carries a minimum of risks and guarantees a fixed, albeit small, but income.

Features of investing in securities

As already noted, investing in securities is a good way to get a guaranteed income. But like any type of investment, it has its own characteristics.

Here are the features of investing in securities:

1. Fixed percentage.

This is the main feature that attracts many young investors. It is thanks to the fixed percentage that will be prescribed in the contract that you will be able to receive your income.

Dividends are paid within the agreed time frame. But what happens if the company you invested in leaves the financial services market? In the event that , the holders of the securities have the primary right to dispose of all the assets of the liquidated company.

1. Payment of profits within a clearly defined time frame.

As already noted, you can be guaranteed to receive your income. The terms and amounts of payment are specified in the contract.

1. Variety of choice.

This is the most pleasant "bonus" that investors have. The securities market is a fairly wide market, where securities of various levels are represented: state, foreign borrowers or a joint-stock company.

Thanks to the diversity, you can carefully analyze everything, compare each direction and make a choice in favor of the best and most promising direction. However, before making a choice, it is worth considering not only profitability, but also studying the possible risks of bankruptcy.

In this case, a very simple rule applies: the most reliable investments are public ones. Investing in joint-stock companies is a more risky type of investment, but often more interesting and profitable.

Making a tax return

Here it is, that long-awaited moment when the client's investment account is opened, the deadline has passed, you have received a guaranteed income and it remains to file a tax deduction. Consider how to correctly draw up a deduction for IIS.

1. Preparation of documents.

First of all, you will need to collect the necessary package of documents.

You must have with you:

• Passport;
• Certificate of salary, in the form;
• A document from a broker or bank that an IIS account has been opened;
• Personal account details.

A document from the broker may be requested additionally. It is important that the opening date and the amount of receipts are specified in the document.

1. Tax return.

This document is indispensable. You need to find the declaration, forms and fill it out. You can find it on the official website of the FTS. If you have never encountered this, then it is better to entrust this responsible matter to professionals who will quickly prepare everything for a fixed fee. It is absolutely impossible to make mistakes in this matter.

1. Submission of documents to the tax service.

You can apply in person or online. The second option is very popular today, as it saves time. To submit documents via the Internet, you will need to register on the website of the Federal Tax Service and gain access to your personal account. All you need is to upload documents in your personal account and wait for verification.

1. Verification of data and receipt of money.

You should not expect a miracle that the data will be instantly verified, and you will receive your funds the next day. According to the law, the verification can take up to 3 months, regardless of how you submitted the documents for the refund of the deduction.

As soon as all the data is verified, the funds will go to the provided details. Also be prepared for the fact that the tax office may reject the package of documents and write the reason for the refusal. In this case, you will need to correct the error and re-submit the package of documents.

To invest in a good profit, you should take into account a few simple tips:

1. Opening and replenishment of an account.

Do not delay opening an account. The sooner you open it, the faster the minimum period for receiving a tax deduction will pass. You can replenish your account at any time. The term of 3 years begins to be calculated from the moment of opening, and not from the moment of replenishment.

1. Choose tools with minimal risk.

Of course, everyone is interested in getting the maximum income. But sometimes it is worth thinking soberly and choosing reliable assets with minimal risks.

1. Contact brokers.

Why Brokers? Experienced investors advise entrusting an individual investment account to a broker. It is brokers who know all the offers on the market and can quickly select the best option for maximum profit. An experienced and qualified broker is 99% of success.

1. Think carefully about every step.

- this is not a deposit where compulsory insurance is provided. State insurance of investment accounts in this direction is not provided. If in doubt, you should consult with experienced investors.

At the end of June, Sberbank Asset Management launched a service for remote opening of individual investment accounts (IIA). Now new and existing clients have the opportunity to open IIS through their personal account on the company's website my.sberbank-am.ru/. To do this, it is enough to have registration on the State Services portal - authorization of users opening IIS online is carried out through a unified identification and authentication system (ESIA).

IIS without leaving home: details and mechanics

Sberbank Asset Management offered clients to start using investment instruments through their personal account at the end of last year - then the management company launched. Now, for investors who do not have the time or desire to visit the company's office, more investment opportunities are available - the opening of IIS.

The minimum contribution when opening an IIS in Sberbank Asset Management is 100 thousand rubles. Through a personal account, an investor can make additional contributions in the amount of 50 thousand rubles. But through physical sales channels, the minimum contribution amount will be 100 thousand rubles. The investor can replenish the account until the total amount of contributions for the year reaches one million rubles. Until recently, the investment opportunities of account holders were legally limited to the amount of 400 thousand rubles. But at the beginning of summer, up to 1 million rubles on an individual investment account. At the same time, the maximum amount of the tax deduction remained unchanged - 52 thousand rubles can be received the very next year after depositing 400 thousand rubles on IIS.

Clients who have remotely issued an IIA at Sberbank Asset Management have access to two investment strategies today - Dollar Bonds and Ruble Bonds. The company focuses on a conservative investor and positions IIS as an alternative to deposits. And given the falling deposit rates - a very profitable alternative. At the end of 2016, the yield of the Ruble Bonds strategy was 12.23%, and the yield of the Dollar Bonds strategy was 4.98% (in US dollars), the company said. At the same time, the final result of profitability will be even higher, taking into account the tax deduction.

By the way, it is important to note that the remuneration of the management company when opening an IIS through a personal account is 0.25% quarterly of the amount of money transferred by the client to the IIS from the date of opening the IIS until the end date of the quarter for which the fee is withheld.

When opening an IIS offline, the management fee will consist of two parts:
1% of the amount of funds transferred by the client to the IIS, including additionally transferred during the quarter in which the IIS was opened, and 0.25% quarterly of the amount of funds transferred by the client to the IIS from the date of opening the IIS to the end date of the quarter for which the remuneration is withheld, reduced by the amount of the first part of the remuneration.

“For us, sales through a personal account in the economy are more interesting than using physical channels (selling in offices). No need to share commission with agents, and this is a significant part of the margin. Accordingly, it is more profitable to use digital channels,” says Vasily Illarionov, Head of the Business Development Department, Managing Director of Sberbank Asset Management.

The quieter you go, the further you'll get?

It must be said that Sberbank Asset Management did not become the flagship in the remote opening of individual investment accounts and did not even enter the top 10 pioneers. Today, about two dozen brokers and management companies provide the opportunity to open an individual investment account through a personal account. All of them open an account with a confirmed registration on the State Services portal. And some - for example, Alfa Capital, BCS, OTKRITIE Broker - are even ready to open an account using SMEV (electronic interdepartmental interaction system by checking a set of data - for example, passports, TIN, SNILS).

We have already done a great review in order to help you navigate the offers of brokers and management companies and decide. The principles of choosing a broker or management company for opening an IIS online remain the same)

According to Vasily Illarionov, pilot sales of IIS online began in the first quarter of 2015, and the product began to be sold at full capacity through premium channels (Sberbank Premier) from the fourth quarter of 2016.

“The updated cabinet was launched on the eve of the new year. Initially, only the functionality of buying and exchanging shares of open mutual funds was available in it. Now you can already issue an IIS. Further, we will improve the functionality through Internet acquiring (the ability to pay with plastic cards directly in your personal account), identification not only through the public services portal, but also through a unified system of interdepartmental interaction (SMEV) in order to remove the filter in the form of the obligatory presence of a confirmed account for customers on the public services portal,” he notes in an interview with banki.ru.

An individual investment account, or IIA for short, is a gift from our state to its citizens who want to invest free money in various financial instruments. This is a fairly good way to diversify risks and earn.

Such an account can bring much more than a regular bank deposit. Nevertheless, an investment account is still an investment instrument, which means that it also carries risks, and therefore is not suitable for everyone. We will deal with all these issues in the framework of this material.

What is an individual investment account

IIS in our state has the right to open any adult citizen. It can be a hired worker with a permanent place of work or an individual entrepreneur. Accounts of this type are opened in investment or management companies, and upon opening a management agreement is concluded. The practice of such accounts came to Russia from the West, where it shows good results. In particular, such accounts are actively used by citizens of the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Australia and other countries.

The purpose of such accounts is to increase the interest of the population in investing by offering them tax benefits for this, which such investors receive. At the same time, the state also wins, because it gets access to the financial resources of the population. Most people keep their free money in banks, while companies need to borrow from these same banks to access it. In the case of investment accounts, business gets access to these funds bypassing banks, and the state only benefits from this, receiving investments in its economy from a domestic investor.

IIS is needed to attract public interest in investing in the stock market through tax privileges for investors.

An example of how IIS works

As I already said, any citizen of the Russian Federation, being an individual or legal entity, can open a similar one. There is no minimum amount that needs to be deposited into the account, but the maximum is limited to 1 million rubles. Then you can use this money to invest it in the financial instruments of the stock market. Investments can be made independently, through a broker where this account is opened or by entrusting your funds to a management company that makes investments on your behalf for maximum profit. The profit, of course, is returned to the investor's account and can be withdrawn or reinvested by him for further earnings.

Pros and cons of IIS

Tax strategies

Tax deductions make an investment account an attractive tool and open up several possible strategies. You choose the type of tax credit at the tax office when you write your tax relief application, so you need to think about the strategy in advance. If in the future you want to change your mind, you will have to close your IIS and open a new one. There are three most common strategies that I want to talk about.

conservative choice

As the name implies, it involves minimal risks. As part of this strategy, you can open an IIS, deposit a minimum amount into it, and wait three years. At the end of the last, the maximum possible amount is deposited into the account and at the beginning of the fourth, apply and receive the amount of NDFS for 3 years.

Golden mean

This strategy provides for the opening of IIS and at the end of the calendar year to deposit the maximum possible amount into it. At the beginning of the year, request a VAT refund. At the same time, the account remains open, and the money will be on it for another two years, during which you can use and invest it. True, in this case, you will have to pay income for possible profits.

All or nothing

The most profitable strategy, but it is also the most risky. An account is opened and funds are actively invested, watching the profitability and simultaneously finding out where to buy shares and which of them are the most profitable. If after three years, if the yield is high choose income tax compensation, if not, then the first type of tax relief.

IIS successfully work in many countries, now they have appeared in Russia. This is a very interesting investment product that can be in demand by the general population. Individual investment accounts are a fairly progressive financial product that allows a large number of ways to earn money. It is possible that the IIA Institute will be able to create a class of competent Russian investors, among which you may be.

How and where is it better to open an individual investment account (IIA) in 2019?

Many prominent entrepreneurs have repeatedly spoken out about such a useful thing as long-term investments. So, Warren Buffett, who heads Berkshire Hathaway, constantly talks about this in his regular letters to the company's shareholders. This is what John Bogle, the legendary founder of the Vanguard Group, says.

For a non-specialist, this is essential, since he is especially at risk of losing funds on the exchange if he starts to engage in intraday transactions on it.

The Russians have an excellent tool, which is an individual investment account. This is hosted by a brokerage service - which, in turn, helps an individual (subject to certain restrictions on the part of the latter) to make serious profits due to tax benefits.

The domestic market saw such a mechanism for the first time in 2015, the reason for this was the update of the legislation on the stock market along with updates to the Tax Code of the country.

Important to know about IIS

An account can only be created by a private trader, either with a brokerage company or directly with a bank. Of the requirements - taxation on the territory of the Russian Federation (presence in the country from 183 days a year). At the same time, there is a rule: one account - one individual.

Which brokerage company is best to open an investment account? Check out the rating of the best brokers in Russia in 2017.

The account itself is not limited in time, but in order for tax benefits to be applied, it is necessary to meet the minimum investment period, the value of which is 3 years and which starts from the date of signing the contract.

The account is allowed only in rubles, and within 12 months it can be replenished in the amount of no more than 1 million rubles, although until 06/18/17 the limit was 400 thousand rubles. It is not necessary to replenish the IIS additionally annually. However, it is unacceptable to withdraw part of the funds back.

You should also be aware of banking and brokerage commissions for working with securities.

IIS tools

At the same time, any investment options are possible that are applicable on the leading Russian trading floors in Moscow and St. Petersburg. This:

• shares of Russian and foreign enterprises;
• bonds of municipalities, corporations, sovereign;
• currency;
• shares of mutual funds;
• derivative methods (option, futures trading, etc.).

It should be noted that some brokers and banking institutions do not allow you to work with a number of instruments, issuers, etc. For a complete list of supported investment methods, please contact your broker.

IIS and tax deduction

The main plus of the account is the return of part of the investment, which ultimately increases profitability. Moreover, 2 types of tax preferences are provided for IIS owners.

Deductionfor a fee

In this situation, an individual is provided with a 13% refund of the amount that was credited in the previous year, however, its largest amount is limited to 130,000 rubles.

Important: a deduction is possible when the investor has declared profit for the previous period (i.e., there has been a tax payment), and the maximum return cannot exceed the tax amount.

If less than 3 years have passed since the opening of the IIA, its replenishment, application for a refund and its subsequent receipt, the law obliges the investor to return the funds to the state.

If the investor closes the account, then 13% tax will be withheld from the profits received.

Deductionon income

Such a deduction exempts an individual from taxation in the form of personal income tax on the amount of all income credited in the course of IIS transactions. The law provides for the application of a deduction without the obligatory possession of other taxable income.

An individual can count on such a return only after 3 years from the date of creation of the IIS. If it is closed before 3 years from the moment of its formation, the state will withhold personal income tax in the amount of 13%, similar to the brokerage account scheme.

It is important to take into account all the nuances and details of investing when choosing the type of deduction, including the method of investment and the income tax rate. For example, personal income tax does not apply to payments on coupons and domestic government bonds. In the case of the purchase of OFZ, for example, you can get a refund on the contribution.

Getting a tax deduction

If we are talking about a deduction for replenishment (contributions), the investor applies to the tax office in the year following the one in which the replenishment was made. In this case, it is necessary to confirm the contributions with the 3-NDFL declaration, attaching the following documents to it:

• confirmation of receipt of last year's profit with a tax rate of 13% (say, a certificate 2-personal income tax from the organization in which the individual works);
• confirmation of the creation of the IIS and the transfer of funds to it (can be provided by a broker);
• application for a refund, for this you will need to provide bank details.

If a deduction for income is implied, then an individual must, upon termination of the contract, give the bank or broker a certificate from the tax office stating that there are no cases of receiving deductions for replenishment.

The bank, therefore (or the broker), will not be able to pay out the money with the withholding of 13% personal income tax.

Not all of our fellow citizens currently know how and where to properly invest their own savings. Of course, bank deposits to this day are massively popular due to the fact that while individuals do not know this real opportunity to earn a little more thanks to an individual investment account, and there are even those who do not know how this system works. Let's try to figure out what it is, what benefits such accounts give to the client, and also how to open an IIS.

What is IIS

In simple terms, an individual investment account is an investment of one's own savings in assets in order to make a profit. That is, you entrust your capital to a broker or management company, and they, in turn, invest in profitable projects and receive income. You can independently choose an intermediary, terms of cooperation and even ways to benefit.

This practice appeared in our country not so long ago, namely on January 1, 2015, the purpose of creating investment accounts is to attract money from individuals, thereby making financing cheaper. A few years earlier, bank lending was used as financing, that is, thanks to investment accounts, the bank is excluded from the chain, which means that there is no need for lending. Of course, in practice, the scheme looks much more complicated, but potential investors only need to know that the money is working for them, while the profit from their work is at least 1.5% higher than the bank deposit.

Before opening an individual investment account, you need to know all the ways to receive income from your own investments, and at the moment there are two schemes:

1. A return of 13% on all investments in one calendar year, this option is ideal for taxpayers.
2. A 13% tax deduction on investment income from the profits you have received from your investments in the stock market.

Please note that your choice of income depends on whether you are officially employed and pay income tax or not. The fact is that if you are not officially employed and do not deduct income tax, then only the second option will suit you.

But in this case, each potential investor is faced with the choice of which yield scheme is better to choose, at least if you are employed by law, then both schemes are suitable for you. Here, for starters, it is better to choose the first option, with which you are guaranteed to receive an income of 13% of the investment amount, regardless of other circumstances. Moreover, if every year you invest money into your individual account, then you will receive benefits annually.

In the second option, you will not receive a 13% exemption on your investment, but instead you will have income from investments and will not be subject to income tax. As mentioned above, even if you are not officially employed, you can still become a private investor anyway. As for the amount of profit, it will certainly be higher in the first variant.

By the way, there are a few investment rules that everyone should know:

1. You can open an account for a period of at least three years, you can withdraw money earlier than the legal period, but at the same time you will lose a yield of 13% when choosing the first profit accrual scheme, and if you have already received 13% earlier, you will be obliged to return it to the state.
2. You can first open an account, then decide on a profit accrual scheme, you can do this at all after the end of the investment period, you cannot choose both at the same time.
3. Only citizens of our country and tax residents can open an account, the account is opened exclusively in domestic currency.
4. One person can open only one account, and if you made investments through one intermediary, then in the future you can transfer your savings to another, but you can open a new account only after you have closed the first one.
5. The maximum investment amount for one calendar year should not exceed 400,000 rubles, the maximum tax deduction amount is 52,000 rubles, that is, 13%.

Please note that individual investment accounts are not under government protection, unlike bank deposits.

How to open an account

The opening of the IIS consists of several stages. First of all, you need to determine where it is better to open an IIS, because this can be done in two ways through a broker or a management company. Brokers are, in fact, intermediaries through which you can become a participant in the stock market. The scheme of working with brokers is quite simple - you can make decisions yourself, and your intermediary will implement them, for the reason that, according to the law, individuals cannot be bidders. Here you directly control your investment income. Broker services are paid, as a rule, remuneration is expressed as a percentage of the transaction.

Alternatively, you can contact the management company, and they, in turn, are subsidiaries of commercial banks. For example, Sberbank, Otkritie, VTB, Alfa-Bank provide such an opportunity. Here, the scheme of work will be somewhat simpler, you simply conclude an agreement with the management company and transfer your savings to trust management, and company representatives can manage them independently. You only need to make the right choice of high-yield projects with high risk and, conversely, low risk and low profitability.

Please note that the activities of brokers and management companies are regulated by the Central Bank of Russia, this is a licensed type of activity, therefore, before concluding an agreement, be sure to make sure that your intermediary operates legally, you can do this on the official website of the Bank of Russia.

Company selection

So, the first step will be the choice of a company, namely, you need to determine where it is more profitable to open an IIS. You definitely need to study the current offer list and determine which ones best suit your requirements. Here is a list of leaders at the moment, these include: Sberbank, FINAM, Otkritie, BCS, VTB. By the way, it is in Sberbank that the most accounts are currently opened, more than 66,000.

At the next stage, you need to apply for opening an account, you can find out how to do this on the official website of the broker or management company that you have chosen. If you have any questions about opening accounts, be sure to use the hotline. In any case, you will have to visit the office of the organization and write an application, but many management companies provide the opportunity to write an application remotely, that is, on the official website, however, here, for sure, the client will need to register on the State Services portal and an electronic signature, but this issue should be clarified .

Then you have to sign a contract, here you should not rush, study it carefully. If you cooperate with a broker, you will get not just an agreement, but an act of accession to the company's regulations. In both options, you will receive data for accessing your personal account, in which you can perform certain operations, in particular, replenish your investment account.

Finally, after the registration actions are prohibited, you will need to replenish your account with a certain amount. The minimum depreciation is unlimited by law, but management companies can set a minimum threshold, for example, from 1000 to 5000 rubles. By the way, if you do not have the required amount, then there is a certain period during which you can replenish your account, but these are all individual nuances.

How to get a tax deduction

So, after you deposited money into the account, they immediately went to work, employees of the management company or brokers manage finances, they are already starting to generate income, but you still have not received the tax deduction that you are entitled to in accordance with the law. By themselves, intermediaries will not pay you any compensation, this is within the authority of the tax office, so you will need to apply there. Here you need to go through just a few steps:

You will need a number of mandatory documents, including a certificate confirming the status of a taxpayer, that is, 2-personal income tax, which you take at your place of work, a civil passport, an agreement with a management company or an act from a broker, it will confirm that you have an individual investment account.

Filling out the 3-NDFL declaration, which you will have to submit to the Federal Tax Service, will be quite difficult to fill out on your own, but most of the intermediaries that manage your investment account provide support and help fill out the document, for a fee, of course.

Submit the documents along with the declaration to the Federal Tax Service, there are two ways to do this: personally appear at the branch at the place of registration, or remotely. By the way, it will be easier and faster to open an IIS through the State Services. If you have a verified account, then you will need to find the corresponding service in the menu, click on the button, the system will automatically direct you to the website of the Federal Tax Service, where you will fill out the documents, while it should be borne in mind that you do not need to register separately on the website of the Federal Tax Service.

At the last stage, you need to wait for the verification and transfer of funds. The process will take quite a long time, for the reason that only the consideration of the application is given a period of 1 to 3 months.

Please note that when submitting documents to the Federal Tax Service, do not forget to provide a bank account number in order to receive a cashless transfer.

Actually, on this the process of opening an investment account will be completed, you can only wait for the end of the investment period and receive income at the same time. By the way, your money will be mainly invested in the purchase of securities, in particular government bonds. Each security brings an individual income, that is, profitability can be 3-5% per year, and maybe 13-15%. It is always worth remembering that the greater the risk, the greater the profit.