Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house: diagrams. Hidden wiring in a wooden house: PUE Metal boxes for electrical wiring in a wooden house

Do-it-yourself wiring installation in a wooden house

The organization of power supply in wooden houses has a number of points that you need to pay attention to. First of all, this is due to the high flammability of wood, which means that incorrect wiring can easily cause a fire. Consider the stages of preparation and installation, as well as give recommendations and advice regarding this type of work.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house: choice of material, connection to the building

Electricity in a wooden house is carried out in such a way as to minimize the risk of fire.

It must meet the following requirements:

all cable products must be with a refractory braid, as well as insulated with refractory materials (aluminum or thermal plastic tubes (corrugations) or boxes are used for their laying);
current-carrying wires must be with copper conductors and with such a cross section as to withstand the necessary load (depending on the power of the connected devices);
it is also necessary to ensure that the cable laying channels (strobes) are treated with fire protection (Neoflame, Frizol, Fukam) if they are mounted directly into wooden walls. If in a wooden house there is an internal thermal insulation of the walls, then the channels for the cable are made in it, it is important to process it if it is combustible.

External wiring

According to the type of installation, electrical wiring in a wooden house is divided into internal and external. If a wooden house is located in a cottage town or private sector, then the wiring to the house is most often brought through earthen cable channels and wells, and if in a village, then most often by a canopy (by air, by attaching wires to a cable).

When supplying electric current from a common network to buildings, self-supporting wires are most often chosen, where the insulating material is not subject to the damaging effects of the external environment. The optimal cable cross-section is from 16 mm, and the run-up from the point of its entry to the ground is from 2.75 m.

Self-supporting insulated wires are mostly aluminum, and they are categorically not suitable for fire safety standards for wooden buildings, which means that before entering the room, it is necessary to make a transition for a copper cable. This is done by placing an electricity meter on the outer wall of the house with an aluminum wire connected to it, from which a copper cable will go to the switchboard through a special “sleeve” (the sleeve is a kind of filter and adapter).

Electrical panels are also equipped with:

emergency shutdown device with automatic devices for 25 or 16 Amperes (for automatically turning off the power supply during power surges within the network);
RCD - residual current device (to turn off the mains during power surges in the external network).

The choice of type of installation depends to a greater extent on the type and aesthetics of the decorative design of the rooms. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is mounted quite simply, but, of course, there are special recommendations and some nuances of the work here.

Installation of SIP electrical wire to a wooden house video-instruction

Do-it-yourself wiring installation in a wooden house: interior work

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house may have some differences in cable laying technology, as well as in consumables, regardless of the type chosen. Hidden wiring is usually laid with a more aesthetic wall finish, placing them in special boxes made of metal or non-combustible plastic directly between the base of the wall and the sheathing (they can be mounted in a heater). This option is ideal for a major overhaul of a wooden house or immediately after its construction.

Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is placed in refractory boxes. If they are mounted on wood or low-melting insulating materials, then before that, the laying places must be carefully treated with fire protection.

As cable channels, copper or aluminum pipes are especially preferred, since they are cheaper. They are preferred because they easily bend to "cold" and do not transfer heat when the cable is heated. Steel, on the other hand, is often chosen because of its lower cost, but with significant turning radii, they have to be heated with gas burners or blowtorches.

Hidden wiring in a wooden house: project development and route determination

Starting work, it is important to draw up a detailed installation project for wiring, according to which the route of the wire lines is drawn and the locations of branching and junction boxes, switches and sockets, as well as electrical network elements are installed.

As for the route itself, it is desirable that it has as few bends and inclined lines as possible (ideally, all lines should be parallel to each other and relative to the walls / floor of the room), but if this is not possible, then junction boxes should be provided for several lines wiring. They, as a rule, are placed in the maximum accessible places for maintenance, and not in floors or partitions.

After planning the installation route, you can prepare the walls, namely, drill holes for ducts and metal pipes or gouge, depending on the type of installation chosen.

Do-it-yourself electrician in a wooden house: how to choose the right boxes and tubes

The size of the tubes depends on the diameter of the selected cable, as well as on the number of wiring lines (it is not recommended to lay more than two lines in one tube). It is necessary that the electric wires be pulled through them easily, without occupying more than 40% of their internal area. The thickness of the metal is also important to prevent them from burning through during a short circuit.

For instance:

when choosing wires made of copper (section ≤ 2.5 sq. mm) and aluminum (≤ 4 sq. mm), the thickness is not standardized;
for cables with a diameter ≤ 6 sq. mm - the thickness must be at least 2.5 millimeters;
a minimum of 2.8 mm is allowed for pipes made of aluminum and copper with a cross section of ≤ 10 and 4 sq. mm, respectively;
3.2 mm - for wires with a diameter of ≤ 25 and 10 sq. mm.

Basic rules for the performance of work

Having prepared the surfaces, you can start laying the boxes and placing the sockets and switches. To do this, nests of the required size are drilled in the surfaces and pipes are brought in, to which the mounting boxes will be attached.

In the case when a copper cable is used, after winding it is important to flare the ends and solder to the box itself, and the edges of the steel can be attached by welding. Junction boxes are installed in the same way, the main thing is that all connections have reliable anti-corrosion protection, and all elements of the overall structure are grounded without breaks in the circuit.

For electrical wiring, three-core or five-core wires are usually used, equipped with grounding conductors. At the ends of the pipes, special bushings are installed that protect the insulation from possible damage.

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house video

Open wiring in a wooden house

Photo 4. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house. Types of installation, connection of the power board

Installation of electrical wiring in an open-type wooden house is carried out using cable channels, roller insulators or skirting boards specially designed for this purpose. This type of cable laying is preferable for wooden houses where repairs have already been made, the walls are insulated and upholstered with facing material.

Wiring in cable channels

Such devices are boxes that are mounted on the wall and, after wiring, are closed with locking fasteners. Here, a non-combustible cable (BBGng, NYM) is usually chosen, and the channels themselves must also be fireproof. The main advantages of this method are ease of installation and easy access to wires.

Insulator rollers

Insulating rollers are not new to open wiring. Here, special cables are taken, which consist of stranded copper conductors with a PVC insulating sheath and a silk coating impregnated with a refractory compound.

For buildings made of wood, open wires should be placed at least 1 cm from the wall, and insulators that look like rollers are used as fasteners. It does not always look aesthetically pleasing, respectively, this method is more suitable for conducting electricity to utility or utility buildings.

Electrical skirting boards

Plinth boxes - used for laying cables under the ceiling or above the floor. They are comfortable, safe and at the same time look quite attractive, do not violate the overall interior design. Another plus is that there is always access to the wires themselves, just like when using conventional boxes, but at the same time, all elements are hidden from prying eyes.

Skirting boards are usually used in conjunction with ducts and are ideal for organizing additional connections, with a ready-made electrical network or repairs made.

Installation of a junction (adjustable) box in a wooden house video

Switches and sockets for a wooden house

After studying the wiring diagram and marking the cable lines, you can proceed with the installation of all sockets and switches. For greater fire safety, they, as well as the bases of any lamps, sconces and dimmers, must have metal substrates for fastening to walls or ceilings.

Outcome

As you can see, electrical work in a wooden house can be done independently. Of course, you will need a thorough study of the circuits and features, a lot of calculations and measurements, but if you follow the safety rules and follow our instructions, the wiring of electricity will not cause any problems.

Wooden houses are chosen as housing for many reasons: some are contraindicated to live in concrete "boxes", others like beautiful log cabins. However, living in them is closely related to such a concept as security. That is why electrical wiring in a wooden house is considered one of the key aspects.

We will talk about how to properly wire the power supply in a wooden house. Let's tell you what schemes, consumables and electrical installation products are used in laying lines along walls made of timber or logs. Taking into account our advice, you can make a secure and trouble-free network.

Even if all logs, beams and boards are treated with flame retardants, they remain vulnerable to accidental ignition. For this reason, the stages of the installation of the electrical system - from design to installation of sockets and switches - must be known to both skilled "home-made" and owners who control the work of hired builders.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, for residential buildings with a power consumption of not more than 15 kW, drawing up an electrical network project is not required. But the company supplying electricity must provide a diagram and data on the total power consumption. This is necessary for calculating the allocated power on the line and installing a meter.

Some electricity supplier companies, when concluding a contract, still require a project that includes, in addition to the internal wiring diagram, installation points for sockets, switches, junction boxes, an electrical panel with a meter

In the process of developing a project, you need to take into account all the nuances: the exact location of electrical installations, the choice of cable and wiring method, the need for grounding, etc. Let's take a closer look at how the project is drawn up and prepared for installation work.

Step # 1 - drawing up a diagram and work plan

You can do the design yourself if you have experience in similar work, or with the help of specialists by concluding an agreement with the design organization.

A professionally written document contains the following items:

electrical wiring diagram;
electrical installation plan;
calculations for the installation of a ground loop;
conclusions outside the house, if any - autonomous sources of electricity;
equipment installation plan with specifications;
if approval is pending - a package of permits;
explanatory note.

But first, you should contact Energosbyt to obtain TU - technical specifications that are signed in accordance with SNiP.

Least of all papers will have to be collected by owners who draw up a connection with a power of less than 15 kW. They need to write a list of electrical appliances and calculate their total power. If the power consumption is more than 35 kW, a linear electric supply scheme is required. For 380 V networks, a three-line diagram is drawn up.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house is an important aspect in construction. Despite the fact that the wood that is used to build houses and cottages is treated with a variety of impregnations to increase fire resistance, this material still remains vulnerable. If you do not lay the electrical network in the house according to the rules, then you can put your family in danger.

If you want to lay the power grid in a wooden house on your own, you need to adhere to a certain set of rules - PUE and SNiP. They provide a short general list of requirements, subject to which you can protect yourself as much as possible and prevent fires in a wooden room. Do-it-yourself wiring in the house should be laid according to clear instructions and each step should be provided for.

PUE (rules for the installation of electrical installations) - defines the requirements for the installation of an electrical network in premises. Compliance with the requirements of the PUE is considered expensive to implement, but a very expedient way. It is rigid and laborious in execution. For this reason, these rules are not often followed.

SNiP and PUE were prescribed in order to calculate absolute safety under the condition of any load flowing through the cable, to protect yourself from a short circuit or line ignition. If homemade wiring in a wooden house is not subjected to relatively high voltage, then this does not pose a particular danger.

Therefore, when laying electrical wiring in such a building, all risk factors should be taken into account and the right decision should be made. Either make the line according to all the rules of PUE and SNiP - expensive, but reliable, or it will be carried out faster and cheaper, but at high loads your house will become unsafe.

The regulation PUE-6 has special requirements for laying electrical wiring in wooden rooms. In order to prevent moisture and steam condensate from accumulating on the cables, they are placed in pipes, metal sleeves or boxes are flexible. It also gives the wires additional protection against mechanical damage.

It is allowed to connect such pipes, ducts or metal hoses if the room is dry, there is no accumulation of gas, vapors, condensate and the humidity level is normal. The connection of metal sleeves, boxes and pipes is necessary under negative conditions in the house. They are fastened together when the room contains vapors, gases that adversely affect the insulation of cables, their protective sheath, as well as when wiring is installed outdoors, if moisture, oil and other liquids can get on the power line. After bonding, they are compacted and sealed.

In dusty houses, sealing joints and branches of pipes, sleeves, and ducts are made to protect against dust and small debris. Connecting pipes, sleeves and boxes are used as a grounding or zero protective conductor, performing the function of "ground" or "zero" in the wiring. It is forbidden to pass cables through ventilation ducts and shafts. Only crossing with a single wire is allowed, which is located in a protective metal sleeve or pipe.

Also, the laying of wires behind a false ceiling must be carried out in accordance with the norms of Chapter 7 of the PUE. When installing the electrical network in a private wooden house, only copper wires are required. You also need to carefully select the type of cable that can withstand the required load with a margin. Be sure to follow the safety precautions when laying the electrical line in the house.

How not to do

In order to conduct an electrical network in wooden knowledge, you cannot use all installation methods for stone houses or apartments. You can not mount the wire on a wooden beam and other structures without protection. The main power line must not be covered by flammable materials or finishes. Temperature changes, humidity, accumulation of dust and dirt on the wires, frequent deformation and bending of the wires should not be allowed to affect the insulation of the wiring. It is necessary to exclude the increase in the load on the entire home network.

All of these factors can lead to damage to the wiring, resulting in a short circuit. If the bare part of the electrical wiring ignites in a wooden house, then a fire is inevitable. Wires should also not be left unprotected. Pets or rodents can gnaw through the wire, which must be avoided. When processing wood near the laid wires, a large amount of chips and dust accumulates. In the event of a short circuit, ignition will be assisted by the presence of combustible material.

Entering cables into the house

Conducting electrical cables in a private wooden house is a very responsible area of work. Do not focus entirely on the internal wiring in the building. The input of the power cable into the house must meet modern requirements. It should be taken into account that energy consumption has increased, which increases the load on the line, as well as the effect on the external insulation of solar is better, temperature difference, moisture, which subsequently exposes the metal cores of the wires. There are two possible ways to introduce a power line into a private house - underground and overhead.

The underground way to conduct an electric line is more reliable, but complicated and expensive. The power cable is completely hidden from external factors, which reduces the risk of mechanical damage to the wire, moisture ingress, etc. For this, earthworks are carried out. The cable is placed at a depth of more than 80 centimeters, and the security zone must be marked with special signs. The passage of the power line under the foundation of the house is done with a special metal sleeve through which the wire passes. The sleeve is made of thick-walled pipes and durable metal.

Today, this method is used in the construction of new houses, since it is possible to think about passing all communications into the building using new construction technologies. Air way. This method has been used for a long time. Only a qualified worker with the appropriate clearance is allowed on power line poles. Therefore, you cannot make the cable entry yourself.

A SIP cable is used from the pole to the house. Self-supporting insulated wire has a very strong sheath made of polyethylene structure, resistant to solar radiation and temperature extremes. Service life is about 25-30 years. This line does not start inside the building, only up to the switchboard. For a separate section that combines the line connection point and up to the switchgear, a VVGng cable is used. It can be used for fixed wiring, as well as for outdoor. For reliability, it is placed in an electrical corrugated pipe.

The connection usually takes place outside the building. At the intersection of the VVGng wire through the wooden beam of the house, attic walls, ceilings, a metal sleeve is built in for additional protection of the wire.

Video “Wiring in a log house”

Shield mounting

When installing the shield, you must follow the step-by-step instructions for installing it. The wiring of all wiring goes directly to the switchboard. An electric meter, additional protective devices, automatic plugs (a modern way to de-energize an overvoltage network), a DIN rail, as well as ground and zero loop buses are mounted in it. What dimensions the box should have is not regulated, but it is better not to save on this so that it is possible to increase the equipment when the demand for electricity increases.

The installation of the meter is carried out by specialists of a state institution, it is sealed. The power of operating machines is calculated for each zone separately. When a sector is overloaded, the direct supply of electricity is turned off in it in order to avoid negative consequences. RCD can be connected to the entire house network. This may affect the more frequent operation of the machine, but this is not critical. The shield is mounted on a solid, stable vertical surface in an accessible place. In private sectors, it is located outside the building.

When connecting wires to the switchboard, the usual twist is not used. For this, soldering or terminal connections are used. The clamps are reliable and can be easily replaced if necessary. Choosing which method can best protect the electrical distribution board, you can choose a protective hermetic box that will prevent moisture from entering and from physical damage.

open wiring

According to the PUE-6 norms, open electrical wiring in a wooden house is laid on the surface of the walls of the building, along the ceilings, as well as along trusses and other building elements of the structure (supports, beams, and others). Open wiring is laid along the tension string, cable, on special colic. Insulators are used for electric cables and cords, metal pipes, more flexible hands for line mobility, in trays. There are also special electrical skirting boards in which the wire is placed, platbands with this purpose, free suspension.

Open wiring in a private wooden house involves the use of a special electrical corrugated pipe to create an electrical line. For its production, a special stable and non-combustible type of plastic is used. It is much more expensive than conventional insulating elements, but justifies with its reliability. Such a corrugated tube is very convenient for installation, as it is quite flexible. Despite its unaesthetic appearance, this insulating material is one of the best for open wiring in a wooden house.

The electrical tube collects a large amount of dust due to some features of the material, which requires constant care and wiping of dust from its surface. For installation of open wiring, electrical boxes can be used. After the construction of a private wooden house, channels are installed in special boxes, which are usually made of refractory plastic. Cables are pulled through them, and then hermetically sealed with lids.

The main problem of using such installation is the shrinkage of the building after construction. The better the wooden beam is used for construction, the lower the level of shrinkage of the house. If the building is made of glued beams, then usually the shrinkage is 1 centimeter per 1 meter of the height of the house. Then, over time, the average shrinkage for a two-story wooden house will be about 3 centimeters. In the event that the wiring was made with the tension of the cord, then it may burst from excessive tension and pressure. Otherwise, the covers of the boxes will fly out and they will crack. Then the wiring will need to be pulled again. Therefore, it is imperative to take into account shrinkage, make a small supply of wire at the junctions, near the switchboard, and also at the electric pole.

Hidden wiring

The norms of PUE-6 provide that hidden wiring in a wooden house can be laid directly inside the structural elements of the building (wall, floor, floors, foundation), in the floors of a wooden floor, and also under a removable beam. Hidden electrical wiring in the house can be done in several ways - placing the cable in flexible protective sleeves, pipes, boxes, in hollow building structures or closed channels. Also, wiring can be laid in a grooved furrow, which is covered with special plaster, or the creation of a “monolith” in various building structures during their manufacture at the factory.
It is recommended to start the installation of hidden wiring in a wooden building using metal hoses or pipes to protect the premises. By adhering to these rules, you can avoid the consequences of sparking wiring, overheating of cables from excessive load in the network.

Usually hidden wiring is laid behind a wooden beam of walls or floors. It is necessary that the protective elements are minimally vulnerable to corrosion. To do this, you need to pre-paint the structures with stable paint to reduce the likelihood of rusting and increase the service life, or use pipes made of a special material - stainless steel (expensive and reliable), galvanized.

After the pipes and sleeves were cut to the required length, sharp iron burrs and edges remain at their ends, which should not be allowed when laying the cable. Since these edges can damage the sheath of the cord, they must be cleaned with a whetstone or file. You can use specially designed plastic plugs.

If the wiring in the house will be done under a wooden floor, then you need to raise a few bars for more convenient laying of the sleeve or pipe. In the places where the wiring exits to connect the fittings, you need to drill in the timber. Wires coming out of the main line can be placed in a copper tube and sunk into the wall. Copper is quite flexible, resistant to corrosion and well suited to continue further installation work, however this material is quite expensive. If the electrical cables will be recessed into the wall, then for this it is necessary to use a drill and a puncher. In this case, the beam is not removed, but a longitudinal hollow is drilled in it, where the wire will be laid in the future.

According to GOST and PUE, there is a standard for conducting power lines in rooms with temperature changes. If a stable temperature corresponding to the season is not maintained in a wooden house, then the pipes with the cable should be placed at a slight slope. This is due to the fact that condensation can accumulate in such houses, which should not be allowed. A slight slope will allow the accumulated condensate to gradually drain to the bottom of the pipe and gradually evaporate.
Since it makes no sense to use plaster in wooden houses, the wiring is usually placed on the floor with a wooden beam of the floor or between the partitions of the walls, where there are recesses.

In most cases, a short circuit in the wiring occurs due to the stupidity and stinginess of the owner of the premises, since he categorically does not want to carry out electrical wiring in compliance with all norms and requirements. The owner does not want to conduct periodic inspection and electrical measurements of his electrical equipment and power supply, as these are additional unaccounted expenses for the operation of the electrical facilities. What causes electrical short circuits? The main cause of short circuits is the wear of the insulation of the conductors in the wiring. This is due to mechanical damage to the insulation of the electrical wiring or excessive stress on the wires and cables. How to avoid these troubles? What should be done to prevent or minimize the risk of short circuits in the wiring? In this article, we will try to convey to the reader how to properly carry out the wiring of internal hidden wiring in a wooden house.

Cycle articles

Wiring input to a wooden house with a VVGng cable in the ground. Continuation

Most home-grown electricians try to quickly scatter hidden electrical wiring on wooden bases and cover the traces of their crimes in the voids of combustible structures, that is, behind a hemmed ceiling, under wall cladding and in combustible ceilings. Either out of ignorance, or intentionally, but some electrical installation organizations do not disdain these violations. The grossest violation of the rules for the installation of electrical installations is the hidden laying of cables on wooden bases (walls, floors, ceilings) in a corrugated pipe, metal conduit, plastic box. There are such “kulibins” who carry out electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring without any protection at all, motivating their actions by the fact that his great-grandfather did this and lived to be 100 years old.

Why is it impossible to carry out electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring in wooden houses using a corrugated PVC pipe, metal conduit, plastic box? Let's look at a few situations that may arise during the operation of electrical wiring. When laying hidden electrical wiring using a PVC corrugated pipe or PVC box in the voids of wooden walls, floors and ceilings, you will not be able to protect the cable from rodents who love to sharpen their sharp teeth on the details of your power supply.

Rats and mice easily gnaw through PVC pipes and PVC boxes and expose the strands of wires, which subsequently close, which leads to a short circuit in hidden electrical wiring. A lot of wood dust accumulates in the voids of the ceilings and the slightest spark leads to the ignition of a wooden house, but the worst thing is that it is very difficult to immediately determine the place of the fire and put it out, since the whole process of absorbing your good by fire occurs behind hemmed walls and ceilings. It is possible to fill all the walls with water and foam, but the result will be zero, it will not be realistic to extinguish it until the entire structure burns down.

But not only rodents pose a threat to hidden electrical wiring laid on wooden bases in the voids of combustible ceilings using PVC pipes and PVC plastic boxes. During the laying of the cable, the electrician may slightly damage the insulation of the conductors, and when conducting electrical measurements, this damage may not be detected. But during operation, when all the necessary electrical equipment is connected, the electrical wiring operates in the maximum allowable load mode. Such operation can weaken the insulation of the cable or wire, as heating of the conductors occurs, due to which a short circuit occurs in the wiring. Since the walls of plastic pipes and PVC boxes are not able to withstand a short circuit in the electrical wiring without burning out the walls, therefore, such a short circuit in the hidden electrical wiring will inevitably lead to a fire.

There is an opinion that the electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring on wooden bases using metal hose does not pose a danger and reliably ensures fire safety in a wooden house. But such a delusion can be costly for those who ignore the necessary norms and requirements.

A metal hose, like a corrugated pipe, protects electrical wiring from minor mechanical damage, but cannot serve as fire protection in case of short circuits in electrical wiring, since it does not have a localization ability.

The question may arise: What kind of ability is this that does not allow electrician hamsters to perform hidden wiring without much cost and effort? We answer: Localization ability is the ability of a fireproof material (metal pipe, steel box), in which the cable is laid, to withstand a short circuit in the cable or wire, without burning out the walls of the fireproof material.

This means that in the event of a short circuit in a hidden electrical wiring, the walls of the metal hose burn out, which inevitably leads to a fire. Further developments can be found in the daily reports of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Cycle articles"The whole truth about electrical work in a wooden house":

Wiring input to a wooden house with a VVGng cable in the ground
Wiring input to a wooden house with a VVGng cable in the ground. Continuation
Electrical installation of internal open wiring in a wooden house
Electrical installation of internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house. Continuation
How to perform the separation of the PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard). Start
How to perform the separation of the PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard). Continuation

PUE-6
2.1.4
Wiring is divided into the following types:
1. exposed wiring laid along the surface of walls, ceilings, trusses and other building elements of buildings and structures, along supports, etc.
With open wiring, the following methods of laying wires and cables are used: directly on the surface of walls, ceilings, etc., on strings, cables, rollers, insulators, in pipes, boxes, flexible metal sleeves, on trays, in electrical skirting boards and platbands, free suspension, etc.
Open wiring can be stationary, mobile and portable.
2. - laid inside the structural elements of buildings and structures (in walls, floors, foundations, ceilings), as well as along ceilings in floor preparation, directly under a removable floor, etc.
With hidden electrical wiring, the following methods of laying wires and cables are used: in pipes, flexible metal hoses, ducts, closed channels and voids in building structures, in plastered furrows, under plaster, as well as embedding in building structures during their manufacture.

2.1.32
When choosing the type of wiring and the method of laying wires and cables, the requirements of electrical safety and fire safety must be taken into account.

2.1.37
During open laying of protected wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm. If it is impossible to provide the specified distance, the wire (cable) should be separated from the surface by a layer of fireproof material protruding from each side of the wire (cable) by at least 10 mm.

2.1.38
When laying hidden wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires in closed niches, in the voids of building structures (for example, between the wall and the cladding), in furrows, etc. with the presence of combustible structures, it is necessary to protect the wires and cables with solid a layer of fireproof material on all sides.

2.1.39
In case of open laying of pipes and ducts made of slow-burning materials on non-combustible and slow-burning bases and structures, the clear distance from the pipe (duct) to the surface of structures, parts made of combustible materials should be at least 100 mm. If it is impossible to provide the specified distance, the pipe (box) should be separated on all sides from these surfaces with a continuous layer of fireproof material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete, etc.) with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

2.1.40
In the case of hidden laying of pipes and ducts made of slow-burning materials in closed niches, in the voids of building structures (for example, between a wall and lining), in furrows, etc., pipes and ducts should be separated from all sides from the surfaces of structures, parts made of combustible materials with a solid a layer of fireproof material with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

2.1.41
When crossing short sections of electrical wiring with elements of building structures made of combustible materials, these sections must be made in compliance with the requirements of 2.1.36 - 2.1.40.

Table 2.1.3
The choice of types of electrical wiring and methods for laying wires and cables according to fire safety conditions

Type of electrical wiring and method of laying on bases and structures made of combustible materials

Hidden wiring
1. Lined with non-combustible materials(1) and then plastered or protected on all sides with a continuous layer of other non-combustible materials.
Unprotected wires; protected wires and cables sheathed with combustible materials.

2. Lined with fireproof materials(1).
Sheathed wires and cables sheathed from flame retardant materials.

3. In pipes and ducts made of non-combustible materials - with a lining for pipes and ducts of fireproof materials (1) and subsequent plastering (2).
Unprotected wires and cables sheathed with combustible, slow-burning and non-combustible materials.
_____________
1 The lining of non-combustible materials must protrude from each side of the wire, cable, pipe or conduit by at least 10 mm.
2 The plastering of the pipe is carried out with a continuous layer of plaster, alabaster, etc. at least 10 mm thick above the pipe.

PUE-7
7.1.38
Electrical networks laid behind impassable suspended ceilings and in partitions are considered as hidden electrical wiring and should be carried out; behind ceilings and in the voids of partitions made of combustible materials in metal pipes with a localization ability, and in metal blind boxes; behind ceilings and in partitions made of non-combustible materials * - in pipes and ducts made of non-combustible materials, as well as cables that do not spread combustion. At the same time, it should be possible to replace wires and cables.
________________
* Suspended ceilings made of non-combustible materials are understood to mean such ceilings that are made of non-combustible materials, while other building structures located above the suspended ceilings, including interfloor ceilings, are also made of non-combustible materials.

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The vast majority of power supply to country houses, garden associations and houses in the village is carried out via overhead power lines. And this means that the consumer receives electricity through the TN-C grounding system, which in ...
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Andrew Hello! There is a wooden log house. The electrical wiring is laid openly in PVC cable channels. I want to sheathe the house from the inside with clapboard, which will close the cable channels. Will this posting be considered hidden? And for her to become...

22 Comments on ”The whole truth about electrical work in a wooden house in accordance with the PUE and PTEEP. Electrical installation of internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house. Start"

Hello. Competent material about electrical work in wooden houses, everything is clear and understandable.
For the sake of interest, I went to the site indicated in the photo that you criticize and did not find it. But on the page there are other photos that show that the wiring was not done correctly. Not only is it laid with a cable that spreads combustion, but it also goes into a wooden wall into a hole without a pipe. Or am I wrong?

- Hello Boris!
  Thank you for your kind words addressed to us.

Hello!
And how is the frame structure positioned - a wooden lattice sheathed on both sides with drywall? How should the cable be routed in this case? Thanks.

Hello Alexey!
A wooden lattice sheathed on both sides with plasterboard is considered as a building structure made of combustible materials. Hidden electrical wiring in such structures is required to be carried out in accordance with the PUE, clause 7.1.38., in metal pipes with localization ability, and in metal blind boxes. It is also possible to carry out hidden electrical wiring in PVC-ng pipes (corrugated pipe) and PVC-ng boxes (non-combustible), but only with lining on all sides and throughout the entire length of fireproof material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete etc.).
- Hello Vladimir!
  We hasten to upset you, but the links we have given to regulatory documents apply to all residential and public buildings. We advise you to carefully read them and strictly comply with the current requirements.
  
  CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (SP 31-110-2003)
  DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
  1 AREA OF USE
  This Code of Rules establishes the rules for the design and installation of electrical installations for newly built and reconstructed residential and public buildings in cities and rural areas.
  14.3
  Internal electrical networks must be flame retardant and carried out with cables and wires with copper conductors in accordance with the requirements of 2.1 and 7.1 of the PUE.
  
  RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS (PUE)
  1.1.1
  The rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) apply to newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations of direct and alternating current with a voltage of up to 750 kV, including special electrical installations discussed in Sec. 7 of these Rules.

Please tell me. In an apartment of a 3-storey building on the 1st floor, from the electrical panel, hidden wiring (VVG or VVGng) in PVC corrugation in a brick wall goes down under the floor (wooden floor on brick columns). Further, under the floor, it emerges from the wall and in PVC corrugation, suspended from the logs, stretched to the walls and led back to the rooms near the walls to sockets and branch boxes. There is access to the underground, but the height of the "ceiling" there is about 70-80 cm. Are the norms violated?

Hello Vladimir!

Hello!
I want to ask one more question about the photographs presented as an illustration of the violation. So, on them we see the wiring laid on the wooden structure in the corrugated pipe (open protected gasket). The corrugated pipe is attached to the wall with the help of clips for the corrugated pipe. Most of the produced clips have a base of 1 cm, so that the horn does not fit close to the wall, but hangs at some distance from it.
Along with this, the 7th edition of the PUE teaches us:
clause 2.1.37. During open laying of protected wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and non-protected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm.
and only then in this paragraph it is indicated about laying non-combustible materials under the cable, if it is impossible to withstand these 10 mm, as rightly said in the second part of your article.
It turns out that the use of clips with such a base makes it possible to maintain a distance of 10 mm standardized by the PUE to the combustible wall, and the installation was not so wrong?

Hello Gregory!
The photographs show hidden electrical wiring behind impassable suspended ceilings and in the voids of building structures (between the wall and lining) made of combustible materials at the stage of laying cable group lines to wall and ceiling lining.

Good afternoon, I read your article, learned a lot of new things.
I have such a case, contractors laid a cable in the ceiling space in a corrugated PVC pipe, it seems to be everything and nothing, but they fixed the corrugated pipe with ties to the traverses on which the ceiling is suspended. The question is, where in the regulatory documentation it is indicated that pipes can be fixed, for example, only to walls and ceilings, and it is forbidden to traverse other systems?

Hello Denis!
Your question has been redirected to . You can register on the forum and discuss "" in more detail with the forum participants.

A log cabin or a cottage made of timber: any building made of wood, regardless of the impregnation of the material with flame retardants, is a fire hazard, and many owners are wondering if hidden wiring in a wooden house.

Is hidden wiring possible in a wooden house?

In an apartment of a high-rise building, in order to lay an electrical network in the premises, concrete walls are subjected to chasing, that is, shallow grooves are machined. Brick is often easier to do by simply hiding the wiring under a thick layer of plaster. In buildings made of logs or timber, things are somewhat more complicated. Even the highest quality cable can easily burn out due to an accidental short circuit, which is why there is a high probability of a fire. Of course, there is an optimal way out - to lay the network so that all the wires are visible. But to many, this option will seem unaesthetic.

Is hidden wiring allowed in a wooden house? Quite if you use special channels that must fit into the walls. The main requirement is to exclude cable contact with wood. The fact is that even without short circuits, the metal core hidden in the insulation tends to heat up at a high load on the network, which occurs when several household appliances are turned on. It is necessary to take care in advance that the wooden walls do not heat up from the wiring, and this is achieved with the help of special boxes, sleeves or pipes laid in the walls.

Choosing a channel for pulling the cable

So, in order to hide all the wires in the thickness of the walls, you will have to gouge recesses, grooves, cavities, through holes and so on in logs or timber. However, as already mentioned, even an insulated cable should not come into contact with wood. As a precautionary measure, many use metal sleeves, which are completely unsuitable for this purpose (due to poor thermal insulation properties), they are designed to pull the external network. For laying cables inside wooden walls, special metal tubes are designed, in extreme cases - non-combustible or plastic, which tend to fade without external intervention. Let's consider both options.

Metal cable channels are preferable for the simple reason that they are completely non-flammable. In addition, wall shrinkage should be taken into account, due to which plastic pipes, unlike copper pipes, are easily deformed. On the other hand, the channels must bend in the corners, and in this case, if you are working with copper, you should be patient. The fact is that first a wire is pulled into the tube, after which it should be carefully bent on a special pipe bending device. In this case, the place of the bend must be with a certain radius, otherwise there is a possibility of damage to the cable.

Plastic channels are less preferred, although they are more cost-effective and save a lot of money when laying the electrical network. It’s best to simply place them in the grooves knocked out at the ends of the logs that limit the doorway, in extreme cases, use them to pull wires through the walls. It is better not to lay plastic tubes in the thickness of the partitions between rooms, remembering the shrinkage of the crowns. The grooves with cable channels are closed with plugs cut from a board or a bar, which are later closed with platbands or masked with a special wood putty, followed by surface grinding, as well as stain and varnish.

The easiest way to hide the power grid in a log house

The layout of the premises is best done not along the walls, but either under the floor covering or under the ceiling sheathing. Since this placement of cables is considered secretive, we lay copper pipes along the logs (or under them, if on the floor), connecting them in special junction boxes, which in no case should come into contact with the tree. It is desirable to separate such intersections of highways from the sheathing with asbestos or metal sheets. In the wall, at the end of each groove for a network branch, we hollow out a recess for the mounting box, on top of which a socket or switch is attached. The diameter of the pipe and the thickness of its wall is selected depending on the cross section of the wire.

Wire strands, even those covered by junction boxes, must be insulated with caps, especially in places where wood is located in close proximity. If you plan to sheathe the walls with clapboard, you can run cable channels directly along their surface without gouging grooves. Just in this case, non-combustible plastic pipes are most appropriate, and, regardless of the material, the wires must be completely hidden in them, especially at the junctions with junction boxes. Alternatively, a combined scheme is possible, when the mains are hidden in metal gutters and pipes under the wall, floor and ceiling sheathing, and the point-to-point wiring is performed semi-open, in boxes.

Open wiring in a wooden house as part of the design

It is not at all necessary to hide the cables if the walls are not planned to be hidden under the crate with subsequent finishing with plaster or under wallpaper. It will be perfectly combined with log partitions between rooms, in a wooden house this solution can become part of the design. However, if it seems to you that the electrical network stretched along the walls and ceiling will not be combined with paintings and rugs, it can be laid in plastic boxes that will fit into any environment.

It is also allowed to lay cables in special channels of decorative skirting boards, which is convenient for renovation when you don’t want to make an apartment look like an office using boxes. Some homeowners use plastic corrugated tubing, which is flexible but does not protect the wiring at all and does not have an aesthetic appearance. In non-residential premises, cables are often mounted using metal brackets, this option is appropriate in the bathroom or in the bath, as well as in the workshop, garage, cellar or barn.

An external electrical network is convenient in that it is easy to find and repair damage caused by a short circuit or for another reason.

The most interesting is the open one, made in the “retro” style, when copper insulated wires twisted with a pigtail are pulled straight along the wall, fixed with ceramic insulators. In stores, you can often find models of sockets and switches in the style of the 30-40s, with massive cases (although there will almost certainly be a ground contact in the sockets). The only condition for organizing such a network is to observe a gap of 10 millimeters between the cable and the wall. However, this type also has disadvantages, in particular: open access for children to wires (what if they want to cut them with scissors), as well as the high cost and lack of ceramic rollers for fastening a two-core twist.