Stretcher making. Construction stretcher - dimensions, type, instruction for production
After providing first aid to victims who cannot move independently, it is necessary to take out and remove from the lesion. For many of them, first aid will be only preliminary, since they need follow-up assistance from medical personnel (nurse, paramedic, doctor) at the medical center. To retrieve the injured, carry them out and deliver them to the medical center, there are various ways of pulling and carrying them out without a stretcher, on a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.
The entire civilian population should be able to drag and carry the victims on a stretcher, without stretchers and with the help of improvised means.
Blockages and destruction will require the ability to drag the victim out. It can be dragged on its side, as shown in fig. 27.
Rice. 27. Pulling the victim on his side.
A very convenient way is in which the victim is placed on his back, his hands are tied at the hands. The person providing assistance kneels, spreading his legs over the victim's torso, and puts his bound hands on his neck. Leaning on his hands, the assisting lifts and gradually pulls the victim away, as shown in Fig. 28.
Rice. 28. Pulling the victim while moving on his knees.
Rice. 29. Carrying the victim on a strap or belts folded in a ring.
Rice. 30. Carrying the victim on a strap folded in figure eight.
If it is possible to move upright, it is easiest to carry the victim using a stretcher strap or two waist belts connected together, folded in a figure of eight or a ring, as shown in Fig. 29 and 30. For a long distance, it is most convenient to carry the victim on the shoulder (Fig. 31), if there is no shoulder strap or belts. It is much easier to carry the victim together. A very common way of carrying it out together with the help of a "lock" from the hands (Fig. 32).
It is most convenient to carry the victim on a stretcher (Fig. 33), they allow two or four people to carry it. If the stretcher is carried by two, they must be out of step. When carried by four people, two walk along the sides of the stretcher, supporting them by the bars. As you move, the pairs change. On level ground, the victim is carried with his feet forward, so that the person walking behind can observe his face (Fig. 34). A stretcher can also be made from improvised means (fig. 35).
Rice. 31. Carrying the victim on the shoulder.
Rice. 32. Carrying out the "lock" from the hands.
Rice. 33. Sanitary stretcher, unfolded and rolled up.
Rice. 34. Carrying on a stretcher for four.
Rice. 35. Stretcher from improvised means:
a - from two poles and straps;
b - of two poles and a mattress pillowcase;
c - from two poles and two bags.
To lay the victim on a stretcher, basically two methods are used. Of the four rescuers, three kneel down facing the lying victim and, bringing their hands under him, at the same time raise him and put him on an open stretcher, which the fourth brings under the victim. Two rescuers can use a little-known method, but, as can be seen from Fig. 36, lightweight and convenient.
A chair can be used instead of a stretcher. The victim sits on a chair, one porter walks behind and holds the back of the chair, and the second goes in front and holds the chair by the upper part of the front legs, placing his torso between the victim's legs.
Rice. 36. Laying the victim on a stretcher together.
The most gentle way to transport victims is to carry them on a stretcher. In the absence of a stretcher, they can be made from scrap materials. You should learn how to make them in advance.
A stretcher can easily be made of two poles and blankets or sheets, a raincoat, a piece of tarpaulin, a mattress pillowcase, two bags, one or two coats, shoulder straps, ropes, wires and the like.
The more variants of imitation of a sanitary stretcher are known to students, the sooner in a difficult situation they will find the best way to carry the victim.
It is advisable at school to make educational models of stretchers (scale 1:10), created from all kinds of improvised means, and put them up for inspection by all students. This will develop the learners' ingenuity and resourcefulness.
Methods for making a sanitary stretcher from a variety of materials at hand are described in publicly available textbooks, books, brochures, on sites on the Internet.
Carrying the injured on a stretcher is hard work, so it is natural to strive to replace carrying with transportation: in summer - on wheeled devices, and in winter - on sleds (drags). The models of these fixtures are made on the same scale as the stretcher models. 
To facilitate the carrying of the injured on a stretcher, a stretcher strap is used, which relieves the arms of the bearers, transfers the weight of the stretcher to the muscles of the back. The productivity of porters with the use of a stretcher strap doubles on average. The stretcher strap can be sewn from durable cotton fabric (tarp). It is a double belt 3600 mm long and 65 mm wide. with a metal buckle at the end.
In the era of the rapid development of microelectronics and the conquest of outer space, the construction stretchers, invented in the days of the pharaohs, have not lost their relevance. They greatly facilitate many jobs and increase labor productivity.
Purpose of construction stretchers
This is a versatile device that allows you to move various bulk goods - sand, crushed stone, cement, etc. With the help of a stretcher, you can also remove debris from the construction site, transport heavy objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks or ceramic tiles.
The use of this equipment requires the mandatory participation of two people, preferably with the same stamina. It is impossible to carry a loaded construction stretcher alone. Therefore, in the absence of a partner, you will have to use a wheelbarrow or trolley.
Stretcher types
Depending on the material, stretchers are divided into three categories: plastic, metal and wood.
The first ones are intended mainly for bulk cargo. Most of these models are equipped with wooden handles. Their carrying capacity is no more than 110 kg. When working, it should be borne in mind that even the most durable plastic can crack or split from a careless blow, especially in frost. At the same time, construction plastic stretchers have the advantage of being lightweight, which makes it easier to carry loads. If necessary, they can be used as a container for diluting paint and building mixtures.
Metal stretchers are more durable. They are adapted to move up to 200 kg of loads. Manufactured from sheet iron. The handles of such stretchers are usually wooden, in some cases upholstered with iron. When working, it is necessary to observe precautions, since the possibility of cuts on metal edges is not excluded. The tin case is not cheap, and it is practically impossible to repair.
Construction wooden stretchers are also used for various economic purposes. They are very easy to repair, and besides, it is quite simple to make them yourself. The disadvantage of such stretchers is their considerable weight. Moving them, even without load, requires a lot of effort.
Benefits of a plastic stretcher
They are made of heavy-duty plastic and, unlike wood or metal, do not rot or corrode. Their low weight combined with good capacity makes them indispensable, especially when carrying heavy materials.
The stretcher container is shaped to distribute the weight of the carried load evenly. Even liquid solutions can be moved in it. Construction stretchers are equipped with wooden handles, which are more comfortable than plastic ones. In order to avoid the appearance of fungus or rotting, they are treated with a special compound.
For the manufacture of stretchers, manufacturers use impact-resistant plastic that can withstand significant loads. This is reflected in the durability of the equipment and the absence of deformations during work. The plastic stretcher is resistant to temperature extremes. This allows them to be used in almost all weather conditions.
How to make a construction stretcher with your own hands
There are situations when stretchers of a certain size are needed for work, which are difficult to find in shopping centers. In this case, you can make them yourself. This requires a board with a thickness of about 30 mm, a galvanized sheet of metal, mounting hardware and a set of tools.
Handles are cut from the board, which are the basis of any stretcher. In the lower part of the board, a cut is made up to 40 cm long to give a shape that is comfortable for a grip and to reduce the weight of the stretcher. Then a frame is constructed in the form of two boards, fixed transversely to the handles at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. This is done using self-tapping screws. The resulting frame is reinforced with steel corners on the inside.
After that, according to a certain scheme, the flooring elements are attached. They are laid first along the edges, resting on the ends of the transverse boards and on the handles, lastly the board is attached in the middle. A metal sheet is nailed to the bottom with assembly nails - and the construction stretcher is ready. It is recommended to place all fittings from the outside.
During the spring cleaning period in the garden, you have to use a large amount of equipment. The stretcher is no exception, however, not everyone has them. Thus, it is better to make a stretcher.If you need a service such as medsantrans.ru, you can call online a special transport with trained personnel. In order to make a stretcher yourself, you can use the available materials at hand: boards and a sheet of iron.
These items will definitely be found on the farm, from which we will make a stretcher for the garden. It is advisable to trim the boards a little so that they turn out to be in the shape of the handles. If possible, process it with a plane and then grind it thoroughly.
It is recommended to round them to make it easier to hold. Using nails, you need to nail the iron sheet at the base. When doing work in the garden, you can, for example, use a bucket in order to carry from place to place what is needed for gardening. However, it is not very advisable to wear them, it may happen that you need to rake out the foliage and old grass all day. And many people forget to get a cart. That is why stretchers are made.
When making a stretcher, the planks can be cut lightly on the sides where you will be driving the nails. When the stretcher is ready, then, using them, one must remember that there is no need to pull out the land from the site. Let it remain in the garden, as it forms a fertile soil layer. A stretcher for gardening, so you've prepared.
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The more you travel, the greater the chance that something will happen to you. It happens that someone in a group entering certain unsuccessful actions is injured, in which he cannot move independently. In such cases, the burden of moving the victim falls on the other members of the group.
Of course, you can pick up the victim by the arms together and carry him, you can throw him on your back, but if you need to cover a long distance, then such movement of the victim is not suitable - it is so inconvenient and extremely energy-consuming to carry the victim. It is much easier and more correct to carry the victim on a stretcher. But after all, no one usually carries them with them, you say, and you will be absolutely right. The stretcher will need to be made from scrap materials, and how exactly to make a stretcher from what is under the other, you can read in this article.
So, how to make a stretcher yourself, with your own hands from improvised means? First, let's disassemble the stretcher into its constituent parts (this rule works for all things that you plan to make with your own hands).
As everyone knows, a stretcher consists of the following elements: a surface on which a person or a load is carried, and "handles", which the porters take on.
The commanding fathers taught me this method and tested it on me. During the passage of the route, during the next maneuvers, I hit my knee very hard, as a result of which my speed of movement dropped sharply. Because of me, the mobility of the unit did not meet the required indicators, it is stupid and ungrateful to carry an uncle in full equipment and weapons, so it was decided to make a stretcher from what was at hand. There was a pine forest around, so there were no problems with making stretchers.
Actually, here is the very method of making a stretcher: two poles are taken, such that they can withstand the weight of the transported person and two jackets, in our case it was a slide. The jackets are fastened, the sleeves can be turned inside the jacket, you can leave it that way. Then the poles are pushed into the sleeves, as shown in Fig. 1. The stretcher is ready with your own hands.
I will say for myself - it was quite comfortable to continue the march on the created stretcher)) They threw a couple of machine guns and a couple of pouches on top of me and, as a gentleman, I continued my journey on the hump of my slaves)).
If in our case there were no suitable poles, we would have used automatic machines. Yes, they are shorter and the stretcher would have turned out to be seated, but it would have solved the issue of movement.
If you have a tight bag, then you can not use jackets, but make a stretcher out of the bag. To do this, two holes are made in the bag along the edges for the poles.
If you do not have jackets, or they are so weak that they cannot support the weight of the transported, straps and ropes can be used as a carrying surface. Two poles must be tied to each other so that the carried one does not fall past the intertwined belts or ropes, but is located on them. Accordingly, the more often they pass from pole to pole, the more comfortable the transported person will feel (Figure 2).
If you don't have anything to make carrying handles, you can make a frameless stretcher. The same blanket or a piece of thick cloth can serve as a stretcher for transporting the person being transported over a long distance. At the same time, at the corners of the blanket (let's call it that), it is necessary to form knots so that it is more convenient to take it. If you just hold on to the blanket, squeezing it tightly in your hands, then your hands and forearms will very quickly get tired (Figure 3).
You can also use a single pole stretcher. Tie the same blanket with the ends to the pole, placing the victim in it. In this case, the stretcher must be carried on the shoulder, since the carried one will hang much below the level of the pole (Figure 4).
Now you know how to make a stretcher with your own hands from scrap materials and, if necessary, you can use this knowledge to survive on your own and help others to survive.
