Raspberry harvest time. Raspberry picking
Who does not have at least a few bushes in their summer cottage? How good it is to take a handful and, throwing back your head, send fragrant red berries smelling of summer and sun into your mouth, closing your eyes with pleasure ... And also - to stock up on your own for the winter, especially since it’s hard to come up with the best cure for ...
With proper care, raspberries will delight you with a rich harvest.
True, not every raspberry pleases the owners with an abundance of berries. It’s good if you managed to purchase fruitful varieties of different ripening dates in a specialized store, and even a few bushes: then we are “on a white horse” (read more about it in articles and).
And if the raspberry is the most common? Is it possible to do something to make her happy with both an excellent harvest and a good large berry? - Can! There are a few simple secrets that will definitely help keep the raspberry in excellent condition. Secrets are the secret desires of the raspberry bush, which he would surely tell us if he could speak.
Secret 1: lots of sun
Raspberry doesn't like shadows.
She will easily tolerate a slight shading in the morning, but the rest of the day it is desirable for her to be in the sun.
Secret 2: good watering
Thanks to the abundant ones alone, you can literally increase the yield several times over! However, it’s not worth turning the raspberry into a swamp - everything needs a measure: how often to water, the weather will tell and. It is enough to remember: drying of the soil under the raspberries should not be allowed- the crop is lost immediately!Secret 3: the right top dressing
Although raspberries are an unpretentious crop, they will always be grateful for and will respond with a noticeable increase in yield. If by the time raspberries were planted, the soil in the selected area had already been fertilized with old or (at the recommended rate - 10 kg per 1 m²), then the plant will have enough nutrients for several years. If the land under raspberries is poor, then it is imperative to feed the bushes or complex fertilizers. This is:- chicken manure, rotted (in autumn);
- (in any period);
- (Spring);
- (Spring);
- (spring and early summer).
Fertilizer Recipes
- complex mineral: for 10 liters of water: ammonium nitrate - 30 g, potassium salt - 40 g, superphosphate - 60 g;
- complex "raspberry": add 6 g of potassium + 6 g of nitrogen + 4 g of phosphorus to 3 kg of manure; use at the rate of 1.5 kg of finished fertilizer per 1 m².
Secret 8: Pest Control
Raspberries are rarely affected. But if this happens, try to avoid using it, it is better to use folk methods or.The latter are quite widely represented on our market, where it is very convenient to compare prices for goods from different online stores. .
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Material prepared:
Deputy Executive Director of the Association of Gardeners of Russia (APPYaPM), Leading Specialist of the Association of Gardeners-Nurseries (ASP-RUS) for berry crops
Shchekotova L.A.
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Scientific Consultant of the ASP-RUS Association
Danilova T.A.
Specialist of the ASP-RUS Association, student of MichGAU
With material from J. Ciesielska – E. Malusa
Raspberry yield and fruit harvest
Black raspberry variety - Glen Glove
The yield of raspberries on production sites can reach up to 15-16 t/ha when cultivating highly productive varieties such as Molling-Exployd and Zeva. The average yield is 10-12 t/ha, given by such varieties as Glen-Glova, Glen-Moy. Remontant varieties yield from 3 to 10 t/ha, on average - 5-6 t/ha. The highest yields are obtained where there is sufficient water supply in August, during the flowering and fruit ripening period.
Raspberries can be cultivated in one place for 10-15 years, but the commercially significant period does not exceed 7-8 years, after which there is a significant decrease in yield due to the spread of viruses.
Approximately 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits begin to ripen, become soft, easily separated from the fruit. At this stage of ripening, the fruits require careful handling, they remain in good condition for several days after harvest, if they are left on the plant for a longer time, they lose their appearance, soften, become very susceptible to rot. Even insolation during the ripening period can cause damage to the fruit, making them pale, watery.
Special box on high legs for picking raspberries
The red raspberry harvest period lasts 4-6 weeks, starting from June - the earliest varieties ripen, and late varieties ripen at the end of August, the main crop is harvested in July. Fruit ripening on the plantation is extended, but for each variety, the period of mass harvesting corresponds to the fruit ripening period in the middle part of the shoot. Harvesting should be done every 2-3 days to get a good quality fruit. But you can collect fruits daily during the period of mass ripening, especially on days with high air temperatures. The frequency of collection depends on the variety. Varieties with tender, juicy fruits and friendly ripening can be harvested quite easily and quickly, for example, these are Glen Ample, Lashka, Norna, Ross, Latham. At the same time, fruits in varieties such as September, clones of Jewel, Glen Glove and other new breeding forms can be harvested for a longer time. In some varieties - Witen and September, the fruits, although red, are difficult to separate from the fruit, they must be left on the bush for at least one more day.
Glen Ample is a traditional industrial raspberry variety.
The Primocanes variety is characterized by a long harvest period - 6-7 weeks, and more uniform fruit ripening - from early August until the first autumn frosts.
The raspberries, which are hand-harvested, have a characteristic color for the variety and are free from rot, and are intended for fresh consumption or for freezing. The rejected fruits are processed for the production of juices and jams.
Berries of a photoneutral raspberry variety - Polyana
Scientists have tried to find more objective criteria for determining the optimal harvest time, but in practice they use a more practical and very subjective approach - fruit color and tear strength. French researchers have developed a scale in which five stages of distinguishable color changes, using it to determine the direction of use of the crop. The color change occurs in two stages: the first, in which there are pigments and the fruit changes color from white to pink-red (stages S1-S2), the second is degradation and oxidation, the appearance of dark red and red-violet pigments (stages S3, S4 and S5). In accordance with this scale, it is recommended to remove the fruits at stages S2-S3, when they are easily separated from the fruit. Goods for export should be harvested at S2 fruit stage and stored properly, as color degradation occurs quickly, especially for fruits stored at room temperature.
Dr. S.-x. Sciences Mukhanin I.V. demonstrates raspberries collected in cardboard boxes
Raspberries are mainly harvested exclusively by hand, because the fruit is very delicate and must be handled very carefully. Picking berries is a laborious process, but it is a crucial step for every grower. The picker can collect from 15 to 45 kg of fruits per working day, depending on the degree of fruiting, the purpose of the product and the cultivation technology.
Berries after picking should be put into 100-250 g containers as soon as possible, even if they are intended for freezing, especially with the individual freezing system (IQF). It is very useful for manual picking to have tables on which containers of raspberries are placed in baskets or boxes made of plastic or paper, it is desirable that the platform moves along the row behind the pickers. Another option is used, in which the box or basket is fixed to the assembler using aluminum straps. The filled container is left in the shade of the bushes. Fruits with noticeable defects - the shape of the berries, size or color are used to prepare jams, concentrates, natural juices or are frozen in containers of a larger capacity - 2-5 kg. For both types of harvesting, it is important to carry out loading within a short time - no more than 3-4 hours, then there should be no manipulation and shaking, which significantly reduces the quality of the fruit.
Tall crate stands used when picking raspberries
In a number of countries, progressive harvesting technologies are used (USA, Denmark, Scotland, New Zealand) - they are introducing mechanized harvesting. In fact, if there are not enough workers, mechanized harvesting is the main condition for expanding the production of this crop. This method is widespread in the United States: for example, in the states of Oregon and Washington, about 85% of red raspberries are harvested by a combine, but the further path of production determines its quality - such fruits are processed.
Harvesting raspberries with a trailed harvester
To make a decision on the widespread use of machine technology for harvesting fruits, the plantation must be specially prepared. The machine must have a passage on each side of the row of raspberry plantations. Plants in the line should be the same height, shoots - not bent to the ground. To equalize the height of the plants, the upper part of the shoots, having collected them in bunches, is shortened by 15-30 cm.
The harvester harvests the fruits by shaking (the Littau combine, developed in the USA, and Danpluk) or using vertical vibrating drums with teeth (Pattenden, created in Scotland, and Braud Vectur, made in France). Vertical drum pickers pick up fruit twigs by vibrating teeth mounted on a rotating drum. In shakers, by shaking, the fruit is separated from the fruit. The fruits are collected in the pallet of the machine and then go to the sorting table. The crop is harvested using these two types of harvester, and 5 to 7 people are needed to control the production, depending on the purpose of the product (processing or using whole fresh fruits).
Berry harvester
Recently, New Zealand has developed a Peco machine that harvests only half of the row, for this a new farming system (Lincoln Canopy System) has been developed. Fruiting shoots should be tilted in a horizontal plane on both sides of the row, their position should be fixed on a wire stretched 50 cm from the ground, while new offspring should remain free-growing. In the upper part of the machine there are vertical blades that shake the branches, and in the lower part there is a conveyor belt, along which the fruits fall into containers. This harvester does not damage the offspring, and the harvested fruits are of high quality, which allows them to be eaten fresh or used for freezing (IQF). Another positive aspect is the ability to pick fruits in the absence of pickers and in mountainous areas. However, despite the low cost of the machine, a lot of labor is required to install the trellis, and plantings must be planted with varieties that have strong growing shoots.
O.V. Zhbanova on an industrial plantation of photoneutral raspberry variety Polyana
Factors limiting the introduction of mechanized raspberry harvesting are associated with crop losses, damage to shoots and limited life of plantings. For this type of harvesting, it is necessary to choose varieties characterized by easy detachment of fruits. In addition, it is important to have a variety in the length of the shoots, including varieties with a powerful shoot, on which the fruits ripen more amicably. During mechanized harvesting, plantings can be damaged - annual shoots may suffer. The possibility of using mechanical means should be assessed on the basis of an economic analysis.
The combine harvests 0.2 - 0.5 hectares in 1 hour, depending on the type of machine, the number of fruits on plants and the quality of the grown product. According to the instructions, the process of picking fruits from 1 hectare can take 30-70 hours. The productivity of one picker is 6-20 acres per season, another 5-7 people work with him. Based on an analysis of the economic activity of producers in France, it is shown that the economic efficiency of mechanized harvesting of raspberries is still lower, this conclusion was made by economists. Combine harvesting becomes economically viable if the period of its use for harvesting fruits of other crops is extended.
Quality raspberries
The fruits of black and purple raspberries ripen much more amicably than red raspberries, so the harvest is completed within 1-2 weeks. To do this, you need to spend 2-3 removals to collect the main crop, the fruits of these forms of raspberries are less damaged, even if they are very mature. In the United States, where these types of raspberries are widely distributed and the berries are used primarily for processing, harvesting is done using combine harvesters.
Ready for raspberries!
Raspberries are a very tasty and healthy berry, known for its healing properties since ancient times. Raspberries contain B vitamins, vitamin C, E, PP, salicylic acid and various anti-sclerotic and antiseptic substances. Raspberries help in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, bronchitis, SARS, influenza, pneumonia and even tuberculosis (decoction and infusion of berries, twigs and raspberry leaves). Useful substances strengthen blood vessels, help in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Raspberry is a good diaphoretic.
Raspberry bushes begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting. In central Russia, raspberries appear in late June - early July and for a long time (each bush of a simple raspberry bears fruit for about 20-25 days, remontant - longer) and delights us with its fragrant, sour-sweet fruits. Bees also love raspberry flowers and fly to them even in rainy weather.
How to pick raspberries from a bush
Raspberries are very tender. And as soon as you lightly press on them, raspberry juice will immediately flow .. Therefore, you should handle raspberries carefully and carefully.
Ripe raspberries are best harvested in dry weather, because wet berries spoil faster. If you have to transport raspberries, it is better to pick off the berries with a stem (fruit bearing), and then take it out when you cook jam or compotes.
If you quickly get to the kitchen with raspberries and the berry is still strong, then you can immediately collect without a stalk.
Take only good berries, without buds and rot, otherwise it will ruin the rest of your harvest. It is better not to be greedy and take only high-quality raspberries.
raspberry bush
What to collect raspberries
Containers for collecting raspberries should be wide and low so that the berries fit into them in a minimum number of layers and do not press against each other.
Gardeners collect raspberries in containers or other containers ( volume of 1.5-2 liters) with low sides, for example, like baskets made of birch bark or shingles - veneer. Wicker baskets are also good because they are full of holes and are well ventilated, without creating a greenhouse effect inside the basket.
As you have collected the next container - put the raspberries immediately in the shade or other cool, well-ventilated and dry place. Under such conditions, raspberries can be preserved for several hours without releasing juice.
In industrial collection, in addition to baskets, there is also a special corrugated container - cardboard cells (such as a cardboard egg cage, only very small cells for raspberries).
Do I need to wash raspberries
If you have harvested a large crop of raspberries and plan to use them for harvesting, then you just need to sort out the raspberries, removing twigs, random leaves and stems from the berries.
Raspberries do not need to be washed.
If you wash the raspberries, then half of the raspberry juice will leak into the water and the berries will get soaked and look like porridge. Not very useful and unattractive.
And if you have collected a couple of cups of raspberries and doubt whether some worm has crawled into the berry, and the raspberries, at the same time, are strong, then you can soak the berries for a short time in cool salted water. The worms will all come out.
raspberries
The collected raspberries will not be able to lie for a long time, your task is to get home as soon as possible and start harvesting raspberries. And if you don’t have enough berries, then rather eat them!
How to prepare raspberries for the winter
First of all, you need to decide on units of measurement . In 1 liter jar there will be approximately 600 g of raspberries. And 1 kg of raspberries is a little more than 1.5 liters.
- 1 kg of raspberries = 1.5-1.6 liter capacity;
- Liter jar \u003d 600 g of raspberries.
All raspberry preparations are medicinal (both jam and compotes).
1. How to cook raspberry compote
1.1. Raspberry compote with sugar
Sterilization time for jars of raspberries in their own juice without sugar depends on the size of the jars: 0.5 l jar - 15 min., liter jar - 20 min.
2. How to cook raspberry jam
Raspberry jam is cooked in different ways - in one or in several steps. And it differs in the amount of sugar per 1 kg of raspberries.
2.1. Instant raspberry jam
The most delicious raspberry jam is one in which there is little sugar and a short heat treatment (recipe for five-minute raspberry jam). This quick jam is cooked for 5-7 minutes after boiling and you need 2 times less sugar than berries (in units of weight).
But this instant raspberry jam needs to be stored in the refrigerator or cellar (basement).
If you don’t have room in the refrigerator, but only have a cool closet or pantry on the site of a multi-storey building, then other recipes for raspberry jam will suit you.
2.2. Raspberry jam with half sugar
This jam differs from the previous recipe in that it is either immediately cooked until cooked, in 1 serving (a sign of readiness is a drop of jam dropped on a saucer does not spread).
Or you can cook raspberry jam for five minutes (5-7 minutes after boiling) in 2 or 3 stages, taking a break between cooking at 6-8 hours or overnight.
Proportions for raspberry jam Half a kilo of sugar per 1 kg of raspberries.
2.3. Raspberry jam regular
This recipe for raspberry jam is the most persistent, maybe the berries do not retain their color and shape, but this jam can be stored at room temperature for 2 or 3 years.
You can cook simple raspberry jam in the same way as jam with half the norm of sugar - at one time or intermittently.
Proportions of simple raspberry jam
Raspberries and sugar - 1: 1 (in kilograms).
Which lids are suitable for raspberry jam
Any raspberry jam should be poured into jars hot. And any jam can be rolled up with iron lids.
Jam that is cooked for a long time, in 1 or 2 doses and is stored better, can be closed with nylon (plastic) lids or screw caps. Then you need to put a circle of paper on the jam in the jar and pour it with 1-2 tablespoons of vodka so that the jam is better stored, and possible mold collects only on paper and can be thrown away or replaced with a new alcoholized piece of paper.
There is another question here: what do capron lids look like. Nylon caps are ordinary caps made of white, translucent plastic (colorless). Only such covers were in Soviet times. And then opaque multi-colored plastic lids appeared on sale: red, yellow, blue and other cheerful ones. Therefore, if I advise you to close with nylon lids, feel free to buy ordinary white soft lids or colored ones.
Raspberries on a plate
What to cook from raspberries and eat right away
Fresh raspberries are good for light desserts(Raspberry with cottage cheese), fruit salads, compotes(which to drink immediately - a recipe), raspberry jelly - a recipe.
Raspberries are added to cream or to shortbread pies(they bake a basket base, on which they then lay out fresh raspberries, strawberries, blackberries and pour a small amount of jelly on top so that the filling grabs).
Raspberries can also be added to cottage cheese during cooking. cottage cheese easter. And then Easter you will have a beautiful crimson color. Or you can throw berries into the dough for Easter cake or other tasty pastries from yeast or biscuit dough.
You can bake pies with raspberries, just pour the berries for the filling with starch or flour (2 tablespoons per bowl of berries). Starch is needed so that the filling is not liquid, and the resulting juices are seized and neutralized by the brewed starch. Dough for pies with raspberries take as in the recipe for currant pies or buy ready-made yeast dough in cooking.
In addition, such a raspberry custard can be used for baking puffs from frozen dough. It will be very tasty!
You can get more from raspberries the juice and make of it syrups or jelly. To do this, the berries are heated with a small amount of water so that the raspberries give juice (you need to stir the berries, otherwise everything will burn). Then filter the raspberry mass through a cloth. And from this juice it is already possible to make jelly (see the recipe and proportions on the packaging of gelatin) and syrups (add sugar and boil until lightly thickened).
Raspberry berry sauces are suitable for dumplings - recipe and cottage cheese casseroles - recipe.
They also make delicious raspberries Home wine and liqueurs.
In general, there are many options for raspberry dishes! And they are all very useful and tasty! And yet, raspberries can be eaten just like that or with cream or sour cream whipped with sugar!
Stay healthy and enjoy your meal!
With the advent of spring, the beginning of summer, everyone is looking forward to the ripening of raspberries. This is not only a tasty berry, but also very useful, which even children know about, who often ask the question: when will raspberries ripen? Its flowering and ripening depends on the variety and region of growth.
Raspberry is a deciduous shrub that can grow in the wild on the edges of the forest, in clearings, along the coast, and is also grown in gardens and farms. Some varieties of raspberries have been known since the 16th century.
It is divided into several types:
- traditional, multiplies rapidly, bears fruit 1 time per season;
- remontant, multiplies slowly, bears fruit 2 times per season;
- large-fruited, the berries are especially large in size;
- standard, bushes with branched shoots, similar to small trees.
- forest, growing near rivers and in forests, the berries are small, but very fragrant.
Each species has its own varieties, which have different raspberry ripening periods. In Russia, forest raspberries ripen when the temperature reaches over 23 degrees, starting from the end of June, mid-July, depending on the climatic zone.
When raspberries begin to ripen (table)
The growing season for raspberries begins in April, but depending on the climatic conditions and the region of growth, the ripening period of the same varieties can be delayed by 5-15 days.
Varieties are classified by terms into main and intermediate:
- Basic: early, middle, late.
- Intermediate: medium-early, medium-late.
Harvesting lasts for 1-1.5 months, after which the biennial shoots dry out or are cut off.
When can you pick berries from early varieties?
The growing season of raspberries begins from April to mid-May, flowering lasts 1.5-2 weeks, the end of May - the beginning of June, after which polydrupes are formed, which ripen in mid-June - the 1st decade of July. Harvesting lasts about 1-1.5 months, until the end of July. The most popular varieties of early raspberries: Sunshine, Cumberland, Scarlet Sails.
Medium maturity
In raspberry varieties with an average term, the ripening period begins from the first days of May to mid-June, the first flowers appear in the 2nd-3rd decade of June.
- Mid-early: Kuzmin's News, Abundant, Luck, Balm, Coal, Hussar, Pride of Russia, Arbat, Yellow Sweet.
- Average term: Brigantine, Latham, Shy.
- Middle-late: Tarusa, Peresvet.
Start picking fruits from late-ripening crops
Vegetation in raspberries of late varieties begins in late June - mid-July, the color appears in the 3rd decade of July - 2nd decade of August. Harvest begins to be collected from the first days of August to September. Late varieties include: Sputnitsa, Arabesque, cut raspberry.
What months are harvested from remontant varieties
Remontant raspberries have special ripening dates, which can bear fruit twice in a season. It is also classified by terms, starting from the first fruiting, the second comes after pruning, the formation of young shoots and flowering after 1-2 months and can last until the first frost.
In the Northern regions, the 2nd fruiting often does not occur due to a sharp change in weather conditions:
- Early: Yaroslavna, Morning dew, Penguin.
- Mid-Early: Lilac Fog, Yellow Giant, Golden Domes.
- Middle: Hercules.
- Middle-late: Diamond, Orange miracle, Golden autumn, Bryansk wonder.
- Late: Kalashnik, Apricot.
When forest raspberries ripen in Russia
Summer residents and travelers who explore forests are concerned about the following questions: when can you pick raspberries in the forest, in what month will raspberries begin to ripen in the forest? The harvest of fruits of ripe forest raspberries falls on mid-July and until the end of August, sometimes in September you can find its thickets with ripe fruits in the south of the country.
Forest raspberries have a two-year life cycle, in the first year young green shoots grow with a large number of sharp thorns, light green leaves above, white-green below, slightly pubescent. On lignified shoots of the second year of life, flowers form from late June to late July, depending on the region.
On the territory of Russia, common red forest raspberries are common in the forest and forest-steppe zone, on the edges of forests, swamps, and the edge of rivers.
How to collect raspberries from shrubs?
In order to properly collect raspberries and not wrinkle during transportation, you must follow the rules:
- The container and hands are thoroughly washed before collection. Raspberries are very delicate, quickly crumpled and drain, so it is not recommended to wash them. To avoid the ingress of excess dirt, bacteria, hands and container must be clean.
- The time for harvesting raspberry fruits depends on the variety, usually 1.5-2 weeks pass after flowering, when the polydrupe ripens. Collection is best done in dry weather, in the morning after the dew has dried or in the evening, then the berry will drain less. After the first harvest, raspberries are harvested every 2-3 days.
- The container should be shallow, then the raspberries laid out in it will lie in 2-3 layers and choke less under their weight. The container is tied to the waist or placed on the ground so that two hands are free. With one hand they hold a branch of a raspberry bush, with the other they carefully remove the berries. Mature is removed easily, leaving a white receptacle on the bush.
If the raspberry processing place is far away or it is going to be sold, then it can be cut with a stalk, but this method is more laborious. Especially if it is harvested for processing, you will have to spend time removing the stalk with a white receptacle.
Fast Harvest Tools
For the industrial collection of raspberry polydrupes, special harvesters are used, they work on the principle of shaking the bushes, thanks to spinning mechanisms on which thin rods are attached. The machine from both sides of a row of raspberry bushes crushes the fruits onto the conveyor. For such harvesters, bushes are planted at a distance of 2-2.5 m and mounted on horizontal trellises. To work, you need 3 people, 2 assemblers and 1 driver.
This method saves collection time and recruitment costs. The only disadvantage of raspberry harvesters is their high cost.
Popular models for picking raspberries:
- Oxbo 9120;
- Korvan;
- Natalka;
- Joanna.
To pick berries in ordinary garden plots, home-made devices or hand-picked harvesters like a rake with a box are used. The processing of bushes with a manual harvester occurs due to the girth of the bushes with a rake, and light shaking movements knock the berries into a special box.
The ripening dates for raspberry fruits in Russia may vary, especially in the middle lane and in the northern regions due to a sharp change in weather conditions. It is important to choose the right variety and quality seedlings for the region in order to harvest in large volumes and on time.
The ripening of the crop is gradual and depends on the weather. In good weather, the berries ripen quickly, in rainy, cold weather - more slowly. Raspberry fruiting begins in July and can last up to 2 months.
At the beginning of the fruiting of raspberries, the fees are usually small, when the bulk of the berries ripen, they increase. At the end of fruiting, when only small berries of the middle and lower branches remain, the harvest is reduced again. In good weather, raspberries are harvested every other day or two, in too hot or rainy times - daily. At the end of fruiting, berries can be harvested after 2-3 days. You can not pick berries early in the morning until the dew has dried, and soon after the rain, picking wet berries is allowed only as a last resort, during prolonged wet weather. At the same time, they are immediately allowed for processing.
Raspberries are considered ripe when they acquire a characteristic color. Berries intended for transportation are not brought to full maturity. Berries can be harvested fully ripe for consumption and processing. Such berries are sweeter, tastier, more aromatic.
Raspberries are removed with part of the stem. Separate from the stalk by pinching with two fingers. If the berries are crowded and have a short stalk, they are cut with small scissors or, in extreme cases, removed without a stalk. When pinching or cutting, do not touch the berries themselves with your fingers. Raspberry berries are very tender and easily wrinkle if handled carelessly.
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