Choosing a septic tank for a summer residence: which is better, device, characteristics, reviews. Which septic tank is better - features of choosing a septic tank for home and summer cottages What are the septic tanks or for whom are they suitable

There are many types of autonomous sewers. But which is the best septic tank for a summer residence or a country house for a particular family to choose is often not clear. Each type of VOC has its own advantages. Plus, there are a huge number of factory models with their own distinctive advantages. However, it is necessary to install something on the personal plot. Without a treatment plant, there is no need to talk about comfortable living outside the city.

Description and principle of operation of septic tanks

The septic tank is designed for the accumulation and partial or complete processing of sewage from the house. Such structures are installed in summer cottages for temporary stay and near cottages where a family of several people lives all year round. Accordingly, the type and performance of the treatment plant is selected based on the number of residents and the intensity of their use of the internal sewage system.

When sewage enters the septic tank, these waters are settled (clarified), and then drained into the ground or pumped out by sewers. This is how an ordinary cesspool with anaerobic bacteria works. If the dacha is being improved, then such a simple cesspool is ideal for her.

In more advanced biological stations with deep cleaning, aerobic microorganisms are used, which, with the help of a compressor, supply an additional volume of air inside the septic tank. So they eat organic matter much faster.

The choice of the type of septic tank

All variations of septic tanks are divided into:

Accumulative;

Anaerobic;

Aerobic.

In the first case, the treatment plant is the simplest in design, a sealed reservoir for the accumulation of effluents. For their subsequent pumping out, a sewage machine is then used.

Accumulative tank "Rostok"

Two-chamber septic tank "Tank"

The third option is full-fledged stations that process sewage by 95–99%. At the exit from them, the water has a technical condition, which allows it to be used for watering a vegetable garden in the country or washing a car in a garage near the house.

Autonomous cleaning station "Topas"

Storage tanks and most of the anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile structures. They do not have pumps or compressors; all water flows inside occur by gravity. They do not need electricity to work. If the water supply for a country house is organized from a well or centrally, then this option is perfect for a cottage.

Aerobic septic tanks are stations that depend on an uninterrupted power supply. They have better wastewater treatment performance. But the aerators pumping air into the activated sludge chamber need constant power from the electrical network.

For a summer residence, it is best to choose a septic tank of the first or second type. Such VOCs are cheaper to perform, easier to maintain, and do not depend on the power supply. But for full-fledged private houses outside the city, it is worth choosing an aerobic station. A large family of effluents produces a lot, a cesspool or an anaerobic plant cannot cope with significant daily volumes.

For the manufacture of septic tanks used:

2. Reinforced concrete.

The best septic tanks for summer cottages are considered to be factory anaerobic models with a polyethylene body. They clean drains quite effectively, take up little space and do not need electricity. Plus, you can put them right next to the country house. Moreover, it does not matter whether the screw or pile-strip foundation was used for its construction.

Moisture from such a VOC will not have much effect on this substrate. Such a septic tank is sealed, and the infiltrator or drainage well can be taken away from the building further away. In a similar situation, when building a house, it is even allowed to use gas silicate blocks, which do not like high humidity very much.

Selection by performance and volume of a septic tank

Septic tanks for summer cottages and cottages are selected based on calculations of water consumption by people living in the house. If it is known how much wastewater flows into the sewer per day, then it will not be difficult to make a choice in favor of one or another structure. For all factory-made models, their total volume, salvo discharge and daily productivity are indicated in the passport.

With a complete calculation of the volume of waste discharged into the sewage system in accordance with all the rules, it is necessary to take into account all the plumbing fixtures in the residential building. Each of them has its own average rate of water discharge per day. For example, about 0.1 is drained from the toilet into the septic tank, 0.15–0.2 from the kitchen sink or bath, and about 0.14 l / day from the shower. It is necessary to add up the consumption of all plumbing installed in the dwelling - this will be the total volume of wastewater per person.

Lineup "Termit" in various volumes

Such accurate calculations are often made only by designers. To simplify calculations, it is customary to lay a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 liters per day for each person. A septic tank for a summer residence is usually calculated according to the minimum bar, and for a house with permanent residence - according to the maximum.

After determining the daily volume, it is multiplied by 3 (three days). It is within three days that the sewage in the septic tank is completely recycled. Based on this figure already received, it will be possible to choose which particular station in terms of volume is better to install on your site.

Choosing a manufacturer of septic tanks for a summer residence

It is impossible to say unequivocally what kind of septic tanks for a summer residence should be purchased here and now right in the store. The range of ready-made stations from the factory is extensive. Some come out cheaper at the price of VOCs, the second are easier to install, and the third are optimal in terms of volume for a specific situation.

Among domestic manufacturers, stations from:

TOPOL-ECO Group of Companies - various Topas models.

Triton Plastic - Tank, MicrobMini and BioTank.

PC "Multplast" - "Termit" and "Ergobox".

"SBM-Group" - "Unilos" with modifications "Astra", "Kedr" and "Mega".

Septic tanks for summer cottages of these manufacturers occupy the lion's share of the Russian VOC market. Owners often refer to their products as their best choice. The assortment of these factories includes both anaerobic non-volatile models and more efficient aerobic models with pumps. Among them, there are modifications not only for standard soils, but also for areas with high GWL.

Of the foreign manufacturers, only the Finnish Uponor is worth mentioning. If the dacha is located in the North-West of the Russian Federation and preference is given to imports, then it will be difficult to find a better septic tank. This company offers several solutions for a different number of people living in a cottage. There are plenty to choose from. Here's how - there are domestic and imported products on the market. The choice is only at the discretion of the buyer.

Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence or at home?

A septic tank for a summer residence can be made independently from a brick, an iron barrel or concrete rings. This is the cheapest option. But it is much easier to take a ready-made treatment plant from the factory, which you just need to install in a pre-dug pit. And if you have money and want European quality, then you can order a cleaning station made in Finland. The choice is vast, everything here depends only on the excellent preferences of the owner of the cottage.

The appearance of the septic tank at the dacha site

When a residential building is being built, then the sewage system is planned, as a rule, independent. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage, today an autonomous septic tank for a private house has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air and watertight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.

In this device, domestic wastewater is first settled, then special microorganisms process them, and then the wastewater is filtered. A huge selection of bio-purifiers poses urgent questions for consumers, which is the best septic tank for a summer cottage with periodic rest, and which utilizer is more suitable for a permanent home? Buy a ready-made unit or make a cleaner yourself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

The principle of operation of modern waste heat exchangers

Bioseptics is a local installation, which is a system of an autonomous sewage system in a private house. This treatment plant is installed in those areas where it is impossible to connect to the central sewerage system, that is, in summer cottages of non-permanent residence and suburban residential buildings.

It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.

To choose the best bio septic tank, it is necessary to understand the principle of operation of this design, which will help pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. Therefore, consider how this design works:

1. Wastewater flows through the sewer pipes into the first chamber, where it settles. Heavy impurities settle at the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
2. Then, the effluent after the primary sedimentation goes to the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of bio bacteria.
3. In the third chamber, wastewater is finally settled and purified. After that, they go down to the filtration field, and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleaned of impurities.

When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a permanent or temporary home, experts advise paying attention to utilizers that are equipped with a deep biological filter. Autonomous treatment plants of this type carry out complete water purification, eliminating the need for the construction of filtration fields.

What are the types of septic tanks?

There are many varieties of local septic tanks that can be used to treat sewage from a private house: from the simplest self-made structures to stand-alone installations that can treat waste water to almost 100%.

Treatment stations are systematized according to different criteria:

• by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
• by material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
• by design features: volatile and non-volatile.

Also, bio cleaners are classified into three types, depending on the set of functions implemented:

1. Cumulative. Such a heat exchanger consists of one chamber or two communicating wells. The effluent in a sealed vessel is separated into liquid and dense fractions, then the organic matter is split, and the liquid is settled. To prevent the reservoirs from overfilling, the waste is periodically pumped out (1-2 times a year). This type of septic tank is suitable for a country house, where they rest only on weekends.
2. Sediment tank with a soil post-treatment compartment. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Bioactive sludge is located inside the aeration pads, which accelerates the decay of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a seasonal residential building, for example, from May to October. Cleaning is required once every 2-3 years.
3. Station for deep purification of waste masses. This is a reservoir with three chambers, in which sewage is decomposed in stages. First, solids settle, then the liquid with organic suspensions undergoes bioprocessing. The best models of this type of septic tank are equipped with a compressor. The installation is expensive but effective. Ideal for a private permanent residence. Pumping will be required no earlier than after 5 years.

In order for the closed sewer system to work more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank, which implies the settlement of special bacteria in the primary purification chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This measure will accelerate the disinfection and dissolution of waste.

If you remove the ventilation pipe from the post-treatment chamber or connect an air compressor, then you will get another aerobic septic tank. To do this, you need to add special microorganisms to it that process organic matter when oxygen is available.

Biological decomposition of sewage by this or that type of microorganisms allows to purify waste to the state of industrial water.

What to look for when choosing?

To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are better to choose for a private house, it is necessary to consider the problem from several positions:

First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is built from bricks, concrete rings or tires. However, such a purifier is only valid for seasonal or intermittent homes. For a long and safe use, it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since the purchased option complies with all environmental and sanitary standards.

At the same time, the most expensive treatment plants, which allow the purified water to be drained directly into the reservoir, are not advisable to purchase for private use, but for several farms it is not so expensive. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-volume heat exchanger. The first compartment collects sewage and performs their primary cleaning, and the second one filters the liquid and releases it into the ground, and not into water bodies.

Secondly, it is necessary to choose the material for the manufacture of the tank. This criterion affects the life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations they use:

1. RC rings. High-quality reinforced concrete rings do not corrode for a long time, have a large margin of safety, but their installation requires the involvement of special equipment.
2. Plastic. Tanks made of various polymers are lightweight and inexpensive. However, this design is very unstable and the vessel must be held vertically at all times during installation. In addition, the plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
3. Metal. Septic tanks made of this material have the greatest strength, as well as an affordable cost. However, the metal is easily corroded, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and outside. In addition, the installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
4. Fiberglass. The most durable and practical utilizers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Thirdly, you need to take into account the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:

• for sandy soil, it is better to install a utilizer with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water is immediately drained into the sand. It is recommended to place the filtration field higher;
• in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must pass through a sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
• in the case of a high line of surface water deposits, the most optimal solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-cleaning function. In this case, the septic tank must be heavier or securely fixed.

How to choose the volume and size of the wastewater purifier?

The capacity of the waste heat exchanger is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage waste per person (bath or shower, toilet bowl, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If the family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:

200 * 4 people * 3 days = 2400 liters

If guests often visit a country cottage, then the result is increased by 2/3:

2400 * 1.66 = 3900 liters.

The optimum septic tank depth is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the final result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a reservoir model is selected:

In this case, the depth of groundwater is important. For a single chamber model, the groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the subsoil waters are at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.

Tips for choosing a summer cottage with periodic residence

If households visit the home on weekends and use a minimum of plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber heat exchangers. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sand filter layers are poured into such accumulators, which provide 50% purification.

Experts recommend it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with sedimentation and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport standards, then such a structure perfectly fulfills the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:

• mini septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
• after processing organic waste, water is settled and purified in a well, after which it enters the ground;
• storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer that is resistant to temperature extremes;
• compact containers are easy to transport on a regular car, and they will not cause hassle with unloading;
• you can install such a heat exchanger alone, but it will be better done together.

Recommendations for the selection for a home with permanent residence

For an average family that permanently lives in a country house, the best option would be a sump with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage and a septic tank filter. The first two containers (sedimentation tanks) are sealed, and the third is without a bottom, a layer of sand and crushed stone is poured into it, which additionally filter the liquid before lowering into the soil.

If the utilizer is filled, then it is pumped out by special sewer services, bio components and septic tank filters must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber sump purifies sewage up to 95%.

Which unit to choose for a home with permanent residence, so that the drains are as clean as possible, and pumping out, as rarely as possible?

A good option in the presence of a high boundary of the passage of groundwater would be a multi-chamber heat exchanger with a biofilter. This is the factory one. The industrially manufactured model consists of 4 sections:

• sump;
• anaerobic digestion chamber for large waste;
• a separator with a filter with bacteria;
• aerobic septic tank (analogue of a drainage field).

The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field, which combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of ​​not 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump and the house is also at least 30 m.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that are offered there, and the consumer will be faced with the problem of choosing the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the rating of the best non-volatile and volatile wastewater purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, an analysis of sales and customer reviews.

TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:

Such containers work without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with non-permanent residence.

1. Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle of preliminary wastewater treatment by sedimentation, biodegradation and subsequent distribution of the treated water into the ground. This unit is made of a durable polymer with stiffening ribs, which contributes to resistance to increased loads in summer and winter. The approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out to a third of the container once a year.
2. Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that implement the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as the anaerobic decomposition of bio material, followed by the supply of purified waste water to the filtration platform. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, requires weighting for secure fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Annual cleaning required.
3. BARS-Bio. The optimal choice for both periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, the waste masses pass through three chambers and two biofilters, which do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree of sewage treatment, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - over 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.

TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:

These devices require a constant connection to electricity and the supply of oxygen to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real stations for deep purification of sewage with a high degree of efficiency.

1. Tver. This design carries out a comprehensive purification of wastewater through a multi-chamber system for receiving and purifying large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with an aggressive environment. The robust plastic reservoir does not corrode, providing a lifespan of up to 60 years. Cleansing - every 3-4 years.
2. Leader. The unit of six chambers provides comprehensive purification of waste masses without the use of special bioactivators. It allows you to organize an ecological discharge to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete purification of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, polymer fishing line imitating algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, alkaline environment. The service life is 55-60 years. Pumping out - every 5 years.
3. Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for normal soils or for high flowing groundwater. The two-layer construction of the septic tank prevents the destructive effects of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life - up to 50 years. Requires cleansing every 3-5 years.

All of the listed models of autonomous septic tanks for private houses have proven themselves worthy in the field of wastewater treatment, have a deliberate design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.

Living in a dacha allows you not only to take a break from the bustle of the city, but also to enjoy nature, clean air, and find peace. But so that nothing interferes with a good rest, you have to take care of the arrangement of the benefits of civilization - water supply, electricity and sewerage, isn't it?

Are you trying to figure out how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence, so as not to overpay and not miscalculate? We will help you in this matter - our article discusses the types of septic tanks, their structural and functional differences. Indeed, in order to choose the optimal utilizer, it is advisable to get acquainted with the existing options.

Sewerage equipment manufacturers offer a variety of options designed to facilitate suburban life.

Among the equipment options there are both simple and inexpensive models, and rather complex biological wastewater treatment plants.

It is rather difficult to choose one thing, especially if the owner of the cottage is faced with this issue for the first time.

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The owners of any country house organizing an autonomous sewage system have to solve the problem of which septic tank is better. The fact is that structures of this type are on sale in a wide variety, which imposes a certain complexity on the choice of a suitable option.

Essence of the question

A septic tank is a waterproof container that includes one or more compartments (chambers). Like any other design, the treatment plant also has its own characteristics. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you have to study the freely available options and understand how they work. This will make it possible to make the right decision in the direction of a particular model.

Manufacturing material

Several criteria are used to classify septic tanks.

One of them is the type of material of manufacture:

• Reinforced concrete rings... These prefabricated structures are characterized by good reliability and corrosion resistance. The disadvantages of products include their large mass, which implies the use of special mechanisms when installing.
• Monolithic concrete... Structures of this type are equipped locally by pouring concrete mortar, for which the formwork is first laid. Concrete is prepared at the place of work, or ordered at the nearest concrete products.
• Brick or foam blocks... For this, the bottom and walls of the excavated pit undergo intensive sealing with clay mortar or modern coating materials. Laying is carried out in the traditional way, with offset rows.
• Steel containers... They are characterized by low cost and excellent resistance to mechanical stress. A serious disadvantage of steel products is their tendency to rust, which requires additional waterproofing work.
• Polymer materials... This type of septic tank for a private house is lightweight and belongs to the budget options. However, at low temperatures, the polymer becomes brittle and begins to crack. In addition, this type of structure is often damaged by rodents.
• Fiberglass... These robust, lightweight models are chemically resistant, making them both practical and durable.

Regardless of what the septic tank is made of for a permanent home, it is important to pay attention to its strength and tightness. Internal drains must never be released into the environment.

Appointment

According to the specifics of the function performed, septic tanks for a country house and a summer residence are divided into three groups:

1. Cumulative... Structures of this type consist of a strong sealed container or paired communicating wells. A feature of the maintenance of storage septic tanks is the need for constant pumping of wastewater. To do this, you need to order a special machine with a barrel and a compressor.
2. Sedimentation tanks... The complexes include modules of soil tertiary treatment. Without them, the degree of waste purification does not exceed 70-75%. Settling ponds include one and several compartments. Recycling accumulations involves separating liquids from solids. All this is accompanied by fermentation, for which anaerobes are introduced into the composition of the liquid.
3. Deep biological treatment modules... These self-contained septic tanks for a private house consist of a set of compartments that allow for the phased chemical, biological and mechanical decomposition of waste. Organic residues are so harmless that they can be discharged directly into a body of water or soil. See also: "Autonomous sewerage for a private house - types, device features, selection rules."

Comparing septic tanks for a country house, first of all, they pay attention to the simplest storage-type designs. Their functioning is based on the gradual stratification of the waste that has got inside. As a result, more massive inclusions move to the bottom, and liquid runoff rises. The operation of sedimentation tanks is also based on the natural separation of insoluble inclusions from water: this is called the settling process.

To bring the separated liquid to a safe state, septic tanks for the cottage are equipped with infiltrators. In appearance, these are containers without a bottom, acting as aeration pads. After getting into the waste infiltrators, they are additionally cleaned. Further, in transit through the soil filter, the liquid is discharged outside.

The choice of a deep purification septic tank involves the use of a complex technique that provokes the phased decomposition of waste. First, solid particles precipitate, then organic matter is bioprocessing. Further, a chemical module and a final purification filter are included in the work. Comparison of septic tanks shows that only deep cleaning units are able to bring the degree of purification to 95-98%. After clarification and antiseptic treatment, the processed masses are allowed to be discharged into the environment.

Optimal options

When choosing a septic tank for a country house, you need to focus on certain criteria. First of all, attention is paid to the specifics of the dwelling and the needs of the people living in it. The price of the device depends on the material of its manufacture, the capacity and number of structural modules, the type of waste processing technology used, the use of additional devices.

What are the septic tanks for a private house by type of design and additional equipment:

• With compressors and drain pumps.
• With filters and float switches.
• With automatic control devices.

Compressors are part of biological treatment complexes. Their task is to supply oxidizing oxygen streams to support the vital functions of aerobes. Drainage pumps stimulate the movement of drains inside the septic tank. They are also used to remove the purified liquid in cases where the main complex is below the discharge point.

Why factory models are better than homemade ones

To save money, some owners of suburban areas use car tires, bricks or concrete rings for the manufacture of septic tanks. To build such a structure, you have to spend enough time and effort. With your own hands, you can build not only the simplest drives, but also modular cleaners, consisting of a series of interconnected sedimentation tanks. This makes it possible to achieve a fairly good clarification of waters.

However, from the point of view of practicality and efficiency, the best septic tank for a permanent home is still a factory design. As a rule, products of this type are certified according to construction and environmental requirements.

Features of the soil and the depth of passage of groundwater

In the process of finding the best septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to take into account the geological features of the area. For example, a wastewater treatment plant in combination with an infiltrator or an absorption shaft requires groundwater to flow 1 m below the potential bottom of the groundwater treatment complex. The purified liquid may be discharged into the surrounding space only if there is a layer of sand, gravel or pebbles below the post-treatment system. It can also be sandy plastic soils.

It makes no sense to use additional treatment on clay soils. The fact is that the degree of water absorption by clay, loam and hard soils is almost at zero. As a result, the drainage into the soil will stop, and the septic tank itself will flood with water. In such a situation, an additional water supply system is usually used, which diverts wastewater into ditches or centralized communications. In the case of a close location of groundwater to the surface of the earth, the use of autonomous treatment complexes encounters great difficulties. This also applies to areas where the water table rises sharply during spring snowmelt or heavy rains.

There are the following types of septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of groundwater:

1. Sealed storage tanks. As they are filled, it is necessary to pump out and remove the effluents.
2. VOCs. Pumps are used to pump the purified liquid.

The cheapest way to purchase a septic tank for a site with a high level of groundwater occurrence is to purchase a polymer container. It provides for biological treatment and further discharge of the liquid into the storage.

There are two options for emptying the storage tank. If there is a central sewer line nearby, the wastewater can be pumped into it by means of a pump. In other cases, you have to invite suction trucks to pump out. To do this, it is necessary to arrange in advance a convenient approach to the point where the tank is located.

Septic tank characteristics

To determine the volume of the receiving block or section, it is necessary to push off from the average daily rate of wastewater per tenant. At the same time, they are guided by daily consumption with a standard set of plumbing - 200 l / 1 person. According to modern standards, the waste storage tank must be able to receive the volume from each person at a three-day rate. If there are four people in the family, the capacity of the septic tank is calculated as 4x200x3 = 2.4 m 3. For those houses where guests are often received, the volume of the receiving capacity must be increased by 20-30%.

Modern septic tanks for a private house of factory production are usually marked with indications of the number of people they are able to serve. The optimal depth of the container is considered to be an indicator of 1.5-3 m. In cases where a container of greater depth is used, additional obstacles may appear when pumping out the accumulations of contents with a sewer machine.

Performance rate

To choose the best septic tank for a country house, which would not fail and work flawlessly, it is necessary to take into account the type of dwelling and the performance of the device:

• Seasonal accommodation... At those summer cottages that are intended exclusively for rest on weekends and in the warm season, it makes no sense to install expensive treatment facilities from several chambers. The best option for cases where the average daily volume of waste does not exceed 1 m 3 are single-chamber septic tanks of small capacity. The weight of the compact complexes is quite small. This facilitates their transportation and installation measures for burying them into the pit. It is quite possible to carry out such works independently, without using special equipment.
• Permanent residence... If a country house is intended for year-round living, it is recommended to use complex septic tanks for a permanent residence 4 5. A good option are sedimentation tanks equipped with ground post-treatment. First of all, this applies to areas with a low location of the groundwater level. To ensure good efficiency of the individual sewage system, it is recommended to use aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in its operation. They are introduced into containers, which leads to the "eating" of organic matter. Through the use of biological decomposition of effluents, waste products are brought to the state of industrial water.

The deep cleaning modules are best installed in those summer cottages near which there are natural reservoirs. The fact is that after the deep cleansing procedure, the drains are so safe that they are allowed to be discharged into rivers and lakes.

Domestic models

Russian manufacturers have been manufacturing autonomous septic tanks for country houses for several decades. During this period, a number of companies specializing in similar products have emerged. Some models simply duplicate imported septic tanks from leading European brands. But in most cases we are talking about truly unique designs for wastewater filtration.

The name of the most popular septic tanks of domestic production:

• Eurobion... The product of many years of development by the leading engineers of the production association "Yubas". Complexes of this type incorporate innovative membranes manufactured using a unique technology. Thanks to the use of a rhythmic aeration tank, the complexes are allowed to be used in the mode of long sewerage downtime.
• Poplar... The manufacturer of this reliable septic tank is Eco-Grand. The device is characterized by very high-quality cleaning (up to 99%). Thanks to the introduction of original production schemes that open access to the primary chamber, the procedure for servicing the departments has been simplified. To remove large sewage waste outside, no specialist assistance is required.
• Aster... Complexes from the Unilos trademark, capable of delivering a level of purification from harmful inclusions up to 75%. The company is represented on the market by several developments designed for a different number of consumers. For additional equipment of the module, a compressor is used, which makes it possible to carry out filtration in several stages. After passing through all stages of cleaning, the effluent can be discharged into the environment.
• Tank... Brand of septic tanks from the Triton-plastic company. The model line of this manufacturer consists of devices of various capacities, from compact containers for 600 l / day, and up to powerful stations for 1200 l / day. Their characteristics coincide with those of standard multistage complexes for the processing of waste products.
• Triton... This product also belongs to the Triton-plastic company. There are several modifications of this development on the market. They are distinguished by the shape of the tanks and the cleaning methods. Models of the category "micro" and "mini" have a capacity of 450 and 750 liters, and the accumulators marked "H" and "T" are designed to process wastewater in volumes from 10,000 liters.
• Tver... Septic tank with pumping for a private house from the Engineering Equipment trademark. An integrated approach includes the use of both mechanical and biological methods. The modular line has a four-level method for clarifying waste products. The productivity of the station is at the level of 750-1500 m 3 / day.
• Topas... For models of this type, low consumption of electrical energy is characteristic. Thanks to the use of four sections, the effluent purification rate reaches 98%.

In the process of solving the problem of which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the products of the Triton-plastic company. They are distinguished by a significant thickness of the walls of the body and the use of stiffeners. As a result, the structure is able to resist large external influences. This is very valuable, taking into account the realities of the climate of some Russian regions, with their characteristic frost heaving of the soil and sharp temperature changes. Such structures are protected from floating up during spring snowmelt, when the level of groundwater rises sharply. When installing structures of this type, you do not need to use special concrete and metal weights.

One of the best septic tanks for the home is considered to be the development of the production association "Leader". We are talking about a whole complex consisting of polypropylene sections: inside this type of equipment, a three-stage filtration is used. We are talking about mechanical, aerobic and biofiltration treatment, which makes it possible to discharge liquid into natural reservoirs.

Among the most popular septic tanks are the Rostok treatment plants from the EcoProm company. This company has long specialized in the manufacture of anaerobic complex stations, and has achieved a lot of success in this field. However, it should be borne in mind that these devices are able to give out the degree of waste purity at the level of 65-70%. It is recommended to use drainage tunnels to bring the effluent to acceptable levels for discharge into the environment.

Each of the septic tanks mentioned in this review has a set of individual characteristics, which makes it possible for the buyer to choose the most optimal option for himself. In addition to the volume of tanks, productivity and cleaning method, the cost of treatment plants is of great importance. Another great advantage of the factory complexes is the possibility of their retrofitting through the docking of additional modules. This stimulates an increase in the volume and productivity of the treatment complex.

Outcome

In the absence of a centralized sewage system in a private house, there is only one way out - to acquire an autonomous drainage system. There is no definite answer to the question of which septic tank is the best. Much depends on the purpose of the house and the number of people living in it. So, for dwellings with permanent residence, it is desirable to use full-fledged treatment facilities with a multi-stage filtration system. The sewage that has passed through such a complex is allowed to be discharged into the nearest reservoir or ditch.

As for seasonal summer cottages, in the process of searching for which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the simplest storage tanks. To save finances, such structures, reminiscent of cesspools, are equipped by the forces of the owners of the dacha. For this, concrete rings, bricks or waste tires are most often used. However, the most reliable septic tanks are factory models made of fiberglass, which are not afraid of frost heaving and spring floods.

The best solution to the problem of wastewater disposal in the country, where there is no central sewerage system, is to install a septic tank. Finding the right model, however, may not be as easy as anticipated. A huge assortment of various designs and modifications offered by modern manufacturers poses the question to the user: which is the best septic tank for a summer residence? After reviewing the information provided below, you can get a more complete picture of the home sewage system and wastewater treatment system and already consciously start choosing the design of the treatment plant.

Read in the article:

What is a septic tank: purpose, installation requirements

A septic tank is a sewage treatment plant, the purpose of which is the collection, processing and disposal of sewage. Buying a septic tank for a summer residence means ensuring comfortable use of water resources and a toilet. Household and household sewage in the form of a contaminated liquid cannot be simply poured onto the ground or into open tanks. This is always accompanied by unpleasant odors, soil and groundwater pollution, which threatens local environmental damage.

Therefore, for the arrangement of sewage systems in private territories, which include summer cottages, country cottages, estates, estates, special containers were invented for the safe concentration of waste effluents in them. Over time, these reservoirs were modernized into whole systems and began to be called septic tanks, to which modern people are already accustomed and treats as an integral part of the arrangement of everyday life and comfort.

The view of a well-equipped septic tank does not spoil the appearance of the site

Currently, the user has the opportunity to choose between the simplest models of storage septic tanks for summer cottages or more complex designs that provide for additional filtration and even deep cleaning with subsequent disposal.

Practical advice! It should be remembered that no matter what type of structure the user chooses, its installation must comply with certain requirements provided for by building codes and regulations (SNiP).

They provide a safe distance from the septic tank to some objects:

• from buildings, residential premises - at least 5 meters;
• water sources used for drinking - 50 m;
• water channels (natural and artificial) with running water -10 m, and stagnant reservoirs - 30 m;
• motorways, highways, roads (including country roads) - more than 5 m;
• trees - 3 m;
• gas pipelines, underground laying - 5 m.

Such removal distances are provided in case of damage to the integrity of the tank, in order to prevent the harmful effects of its contents on the listed objects.

Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence: choice options, classification

Before purchasing and installing a sewage treatment system, you need to decide which model is most effective for specific operating conditions. How to choose a septic tank for a summer residence? - this question can be answered by familiarizing yourself with the types of structures, their designs and characteristics.

There are the following types of septic tanks:

• cumulative- operating on the principle of a cesspool, which is a container for collecting and accumulating household and domestic wastewater from the house until the moment of pumping out using special equipment (sewage machine);
• with soil filtration (drainage) system- providing preliminary treatment and clarification of effluents before they are transferred to the drainage system, where they are finally purified and dissolved in soil layers;
• using bio-purification- providing for the use of various methods that allow for almost complete purification of effluents and their safe discharge into the soil or water body.

In areas with non-permanent residence, it is enough to install a storage tank, which will act as a septic tank for a toilet in the country.

If a family is supposed to live, as well as receive guests, then you need to think about installing a treatment plant with sufficient volume and good performance.

With the exception of accumulative models, the purification systems of the country sewage system function through the use of microorganisms - bacteria that process organic impurities of waste masses coming from the house, thereby purifying them to the state of water. These bacteria are:

Depending on the bacteria used, septic tanks are divided respectively into anaerobic and aerobic models.

Design features and principle of action of anaerobic septic tanks

This type of treatment plant is a one-, two- or three-chamber tank, hermetically sealed, in which stage-by-stage processes of decomposition of organic components of sewage and removal of the purified product take place by withdrawal into the soil layers.

The most popular are considered to be septic tanks of the anaerobic type with two chambers. Sewage enters the first chamber, where sedimentation and separation of solid particles are carried out. Then the contents are poured into the second compartment, where it is processed by aerobic microorganisms and cleaned. The clarified liquid is discharged through a drain pipe and dissolved in the soil through the drainage system.

The vital activity of aerobes and their work on the decomposition of organic impurities in domestic and household waste is accompanied by the release of gases: CO 2 - carbon dioxide; CH 4 - methane; NH 3 is ammonia; H 2 S - hydrogen sulfide.

Some of these gases dissolve well in water and are removed with it, and some are removed through the ventilation system, which provides for a check valve that allows exhaust gases to be released outside, but prevents oxygen from entering.

To improve the quality of cleaning, some models provide for the presence of a biofilter - an additional chamber loaded with a special filler that creates favorable conditions for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. As a filler, polymer granules, expanded clay or plastic nets are used.

The main advantages of anaerobic models are:

• simplicity of design - no complex technical and electrical elements;
• energy independence - the cleaning process takes place in the course of natural reactions;
• relatively low cost.

With a lack of beneficial microbes or low efficiency of their "work", you can buy anaerobic bacteria for a septic tank in order to artificially increase their population in septic chambers by "sharing".

The device and conditions for the functioning of aerobic septic tanks

Unlike previous models, the principle of action of aerobic septic tanks is based on increasing the access of oxygen to the septic chamber to maintain the activity of aerobes, which cannot exist without it. For this purpose, the design of such structures provides for the presence of compressors, pumps, aerators (air nozzles through which air enters the tank in the form of a cloud of bubbles).

An aerobic septic tank for a summer residence cannot be called non-volatile, but its main advantages are:

• high productivity with smaller tank volumes;
• waste processing rate;
• high quality cleaning.

The disadvantages are the relatively high cost and the inability to maintain operational efficiency in the absence of power.

The structure consists of two or three chambers. Sewage flows into a receiving tank, where coarse and heavy fractions are separated from smaller particles. From the constant access of oxygen supplied through the aerators, the bacteria are in an active state and carry out the processing of organic compounds, cleaning the contents of the chamber. The purified water enters the secondary settling tank, where it is finally clarified and removed, freeing up space for the newly arriving liquid.

To maintain the stable performance of the purification system, it is recommended to add to it special additives containing aerobic bacteria for a septic tank, which can be purchased commercially.

What is a mini septic tank for a summer residence: distinctive features, advantages

Models of mini septic tanks are specially designed for arranging local sewerage systems in summer cottages. They may well cover the needs of two people with permanent residence, or the whole family with periodic visits to the personal plot.

The prefix "mini" implies that the volume of such a structure is only 1m³. Despite its small size and insignificant capacity, the structure is capable of processing up to 200-300 liters of liquid per day.

The smallest septic tank for a summer residence has a principle of operation based on the same processes as in the models described above: settling, purification from organic matter due to bacteria, clarification and disposal through the drainage system.

The advantages of such models of mini septic tanks for summer cottages without pumping out include:

• durability - the material of manufacture (plastic or polyethylene) is not subject to corrosion and, if properly used, have a long working life;
• ease of maintenance - consists in pumping out the sediment as it accumulates, which is extremely rare;
• small dimensions - allow the installation of the product even on a small plot of land;
• availability - the cost of mini installations compares favorably with larger counterparts.

Related article:

In the article, we will try to figure out how you can do what is required for this, how difficult such work is, how to save money on construction.

Another advantage of the described models is the ease of installation, which, due to its small size and weight, can be produced even by one person.

Septic tanks for a summer residence which is the best price: review, comparison, analysis

The modern market is replete with offers of its products from various manufacturing firms. The differences between the best septic tanks for summer cottages from more mediocre models do not have a pronounced character, they need to be looked for in details.

Choosing the right model of a wastewater treatment plant is not an easy task.

It is impossible to make a decision based only on the volume of septic chambers, considering that the larger the container, the less often it needs to be pumped out. Without a well-functioning drainage system, any septic tank will have to be pumped out often. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of installing additional post-treatment systems in case the purification quality is not high enough. It would be wrong to choose an aerobic septic tank for a site where power outages occur or a mini model for a large country house with permanent residence.

Practical advice! The best septic tank is the one that is suitable for specific operating conditions, has the required performance and cost, available to the user's purchasing power.

Choosing the best septic tank for a country house: rating of well-known manufacturers, product review

Most brands present a range of their products with different modifications in order to interest the largest circle of buyers and draw their attention to their products. Manufacturers of septic tanks are no exception.

The user is invited to familiarize himself with the rating of 10 well-known brands - manufacturers of treatment facilities for local sewage systems, which for many years have occupied a leading position in popularity among customers.

"Topas" - high cleaning rates

The model range of Topas septic tanks has more than 30 items. The most popular models for a summer residence or a country house, designed for a family of several people, are presented to the attention of users. These septic tanks are of the aerobic type. Having decided to buy a septic tank Topas inexpensively from the manufacturer, the purchase price will depend on the model name and its technical characteristics:

Model	Description
Topas-5	Designed for 5 people Dimensions - 1.1x1.2x2.5 m Productivity - 1 m³ / day Price - 79 900 rubles.
Topas-8	Assumes 8 users Dimensions - 1.6x1.2x2.5 m Electricity consumption - 1.5 kW / day Productivity - 1.5 m³ / day Price - 99,900 rubles.
Topas-10	Accommodates up to 10 people Dimensions - 2.1x1.2x2.5 m Electricity consumption - 2 kW / day Productivity - 2 m³ / day Price - 125,500 rubles.

When ordering the installation of a septic tank Topas, the price with turnkey installation will be: Topas-5 - 107,000 rubles, Topas-8 - 128,000 rubles, Topas-10 - 155,000 rubles.

"Tank" - reliability lives up to the name

These systems consist of several chambers in which cleaning processes take place. The characteristics that the septic tank has, the reviews of the owners about its practicality indicate the high quality of performance and the reliability of the product. The lineup includes five models:

Model	Description
Tank-1	Designed for 2-3 people Dimensions - 1.2x1x1.7 m Volume - 1.2 m³ Productivity - up to 600 l / day Price - 20,000 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 56,700 rubles.
Tank-2	Provides use of up to 4 people Dimensions - 1.8x1.2x1.9 m Volume - 2 m³ Productivity - up to 800 l / day Price - 29,200 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 71,700 rubles.
Tank-2.5	For use by 5 residents Dimensions - 2x1.2x1.95 m Volume -2.5 m³ Productivity - 1000 l / day Price - 33,700 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 79,200 rubles.
Tank-3	For a family of 6 members Dimensions - 2.2x1.2x 2 m Volume - 3 m³ Productivity - 1200 l / day Price - 40,400 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 88,000 rubles.
Tank-4	For 9 people Dimensions - 3.8x1x1.7 m Volume - 3.6 m³ Productivity 1800 l / day Price - 52,400 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 103,000 rubles.

When ordering a septic tank installation Tank, the price may increase depending on the number of mounted infiltrators (there can be 1, 2 or 3 of them).

"Termit" is a profitable solution at an affordable price

Compiling a review of Termit septic tanks, the reviews of the owners are extremely positive, noting the energy independence and economy of the product. The ease of maintenance of the structure is also noted. The lineup includes six modifications designed for a different number of users with different performance. The most popular are:

Model	Description
Termite-1,2	Number of users - 1-2 people Dimensions - 1.16x1.16x1.55 m Volume - 1.2 cubic meters Productivity - 700 l / day Price - 26,000 rubles.
Termit-2	Number of users - 3-4 people Dimensions - 1.39x1.15x1.99 m Volume - 2 cubes Productivity - 1000 l / day Price - 39,000 rubles.
Termit-3	Number of users - 5-6 people Dimensions - 2.22x1.16x2.05 m Volume - 3 cubes Productivity - 1300 l / day Price - 49,000 rubles.
Termite-3.5	Number of users - 6-7 people Dimensions - 2.3x1.15x2.01 m Volume - 3.5 cubic meters Productivity - 1500 l / day Price - 57,000 rubles.

When ordering a turnkey installation of the Termit septic tank, the price of work will be 18,500, 22,000, 30,000 and 35,000 rubles, respectively.

"Aqua-Bio" - operational parameters and prices

The principle of operation is based on the step-by-step treatment of sewage in several septic chambers. Due to the large internal volume, the Aqua-Bio septic tank is able to accept a significant salvo discharge, as well as for a long time to do without pumping out with sewage equipment. The models are reliable and durable, however, the prices for the product cannot be called budget.

Model	Description
Aqua-Bio 2000	For a family of 2 members Volume - 2000 liters. Productivity - 0.7m³ / day Cost - 40 thousand rubles.
Aqua-Bio 2500	For a family of 4 Volume - 2500 liters. Productivity - 0.9 m³ / day Cost - 48 thousand rubles.
Aqua-Bio 3000	For a family of 6 members Volume - 3000 liters. Productivity - 1.1 m³ / day Cost - 57 thousand rubles.
Aqua-Bio 3600	For a family of 7 Volume - 3600 liters. Productivity - 1.3 m³ / day Cost - 70 thousand rubles.

Practical advice! Installation of the Aqua-Bio septic tank is not recommended under conditions when the level of the first ground water carrier is located above the two-meter mark. Or it is necessary to use a special technology with the device of a concrete base and anchoring the reservoir to it.

"Tver" - high-level biological treatment

The design of the septic tank provides for the use of a bioreactor and aeration tanks, which provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. The recycled liquid can be used to water garden crops or drain into a simple ditch or roadside ditch. With proper operation, the liquid should not exude any odors.

Model	Description
Tver 0.75	Designed for 3 people Dimensions - 2.25x0.85x1.67 m Volume - 0.75 m³ Productivity - 0.7 m³ / day Price value –70 thousand rubles.
Tver 1 P	Designed for 5 people Dimensions - 2.5x1.1x1.67 Volume - 1, 1 m³ Productivity - 1 m³ / day Price value - 100 thousand rubles.
Tver 1.5 P	Designed for 8 people Dimensions - 3.5x1.1x1.67 Volume - 1.5 m³ Productivity - 1.5 m³ / day Price value - 130 thousand rubles.

Choosing a septic tank "Tver", you can buy it at a relatively high price, which is fully justified by the high performance, functionality and unpretentiousness of the product.

Unilos - high technologies, excellent results

The Unilos range offers products of various capacities, among which there are stations with a capacity of up to 30 m³ / day. As for models intended for a summer residence or a country house, the following designs should be noted:

Model	Description
Unilos Astra-3	Provides 3 tenants Dimensions 1.12x0.82x2.03 m Electricity consumption - 40 W / h Processing speed - 0.6 m³ / day. Cost - 66 thousand rubles.
Unilos Astra-5	Provides 5 residents Dimensions - 1.12x1.12x2.36 m Electricity consumption - 60 W / h Processing speed - 1 m³ / day. Cost - 79 thousand rubles.
Unilos Astra-10	Provides 8-10 tenants Dimensions - 2.0x1.16x2.36 m Electricity consumption - 100 W / h Processing speed - 2 m³ / day. Cost - 130 thousand rubles.

The most popular model is the septic tank Yunios Astra-5, the price of which is quite comparable with the price values ​​of similar models from other manufacturers. The use of compressors, aerators and hydraulic pumps in Yunios products makes it possible to purify wastewater up to 95-98%, which allows them to be drained directly to the ground or a reservoir.

"Leader" - multistage sewage treatment

The range of offered products reaches 12 items. For use as a local wastewater treatment system in a country house or a country house, the following models can be considered the most optimal:

Model	Description
Leader-1	Number of residents - 5 people Compressor power - 40 W / h Productivity - up to 1.2 cubic meters / day Cost - 105 thousand rubles
Leader-1.5	Number of residents - 7 people Compressor power - 60 W / h Productivity - up to 1.8 cubic meters / day Cost - 125 thousand rubles
Leader-2	Number of residents - 9-10 people Compressor power - 80 W / h Productivity - up to 2.4 cubic meters / day Cost - 145 thousand rubles

When choosing a septic tank Leader, the price for it may seem high, but the performance and practicality of the product can fully justify the costs. The working resource of the structure is designed for many years of operation.

"Triton" - a suburban version of the purification system

In the VOC Triton line, the suburban variants are modifications "Mini" and "ED", with a volume of 1800 and 2000 liters. These models are tanks, divided into sections, in which stepwise wastewater treatment takes place. The technical characteristics of the structures are presented in the table:

Model	Description
Triton-ED-1800	For 2-3 permanent residents Volume - 1.8 cubic meters The processing speed is 0.6 m³ / day. Price - 30 thousand rubles.
Triton-ED-2000	For 3-4 permanent residents Volume - 2 cubic meters The processing speed is 0.8 m³ / day. Price - 31.5 thousand rubles.
Triton mini	For 1-2 permanent residents Volume - 0.75 cubic meters The processing speed is 250 m³ / day. Price - 25 thousand rubles.

The septic tank Triton Mini is ideal for use on a personal plot. Its dimensions and easy installation allow even one person to cope with the installation.

"Ecopan" - a local cleaning system for a personal plot

The brand's products have a double classification: for conditions with low GWL (marking - L) and for use in any conditions (marking - T). Country variants of products are represented by models 2,3 and 5, respectively:

Model	Description
L-2, T-2	Assumes 2-3 residents Dimensions - 2.35x1.24x1.44 m Processing speed - 500 l / day. Cost - 62,000, 77,000 rubles
L-3, T-3	Assumes 4 residents Dimensions - 2.5x1.2x1.44 m Processing speed - 750 l / day. Cost - 70,000, 84,000 rubles
L-5, T-5	Assumes 5 residents Dimensions - 2.55x1.44x1.64m Processing speed - 1000 l / day. Cost - 90,000, 107,000 rubles

The Ecopan septic tank has a wall thickness of L - 8 mm, T - 19 mm. Some models are marked with the letter "D". It informs that the design assumes the presence of an additional chamber for the drainage pump. The cost of such products is slightly higher than those indicated in the table.

"Poplar" - an aerobic model of a wastewater treatment plant

The main advantage of VOC Poplar is the presence of many modifications that provide for the processing of household wastewater even with a population of up to 40 people. With regard to suburban conditions, the following designs can be called the most effective:

Model	Description
Poplar-3	Number of inhabitants - 3 people Dimensions - 1.12x1.06x2.125 m Processing - 0.65 cubic meters / day. Price value - 76,500 rubles
Poplar-5 long PR	Number of inhabitants - 5 people Dimensions -1.1x1.1x2.9 m Processing - 1 cubic meter / day. Price value -109,000 rubles
Poplar-8	Number of inhabitants - 8 people Dimensions -1.1x1.35x2.525 m Processing - 1.5 cubic meters / day. Price value - 99,500 rubles

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