Non-conjunctive complex sentence consequence examples. Classifications of non-union complex sentences

Unconjunct sentences are those complex sentences in which the parts are connected only by intonation. The main feature of such complex structures is the absence of unions. Instead, punctuation marks are used in the BSP.

general characteristics

Between sentences in the BSP, semantic relationships are established that are similar to the relationships in allied sentences: compound and complex.

For example:

The night was falling, the forest was moving closer to the fire. IN sentences reveal semantic relations in the listing of simultaneously occurring events.
One fine day, the pickets, losing their legs from running, bring the news: the fortress is surrendering. In this sentence, semantic relations are similar to those in explanatory ones.
He told the truth - they didn’t believe him. The sentence combines temporary, concessive and adversative relations.

Depending on how the parts relate to each other in meaning, there are BSPs with different ones. The examples given above serve as proof of this. Depending on this, non-union complex sentences are divided into three groups.

BSP with comma and semicolon

There are several punctuation features associated with non-union sentences. In particular, there are two rules governing the use of commas and semicolons in a sentence.

In BSP. Table with examples

A comma is placed in the BSP if certain facts are listed; a conjunction can be used And. In this case, the intonation when reading will be enumerative, and before each comma it is necessary to take a short pause.	My head began to spin, stars danced in my eyes. My head is spinning And stars danced in his eyes.
If a sentence is common and has its own commas (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory words and addresses), then it is separated from the other part by a semicolon.	Green frogs jump on the stones near the stream; On the largest stone lies a golden snake, basking in the sun.

Should I choose a comma or semicolon?

If the rule is well understood and mastered, then you can easily cope with the following exercises:

1.Explain the use of semicolons:

1) The sun rises, vigorous and radiant from the cold; the window glows with gold.

2) All morning, the colors sparkled, clean and bright; For half a day frosty chrysanthemums glittered silver on the window.

2. What punctuation marks are missing in the BSP in brackets?

Happy irrevocable time - childhood! How can you not love the memories of her? They are so refreshing and uplifting to my soul.

You run to your heart’s content (...) you sit at the table on your chair (...) it’s already late (...) a cup of milk has long been drunk (...) sleep clouds your eyes (...) but you don’t move from your place (...) you still sit and listen. Mom is talking to someone (...) her voice is so sweet (...) so welcoming. The sound of my mother’s voice says so much to my heart, resonates so much in my soul!

With hazy eyes I look intently into her sweet face (...) suddenly she becomes all small - her face becomes no bigger than a button (...) but I still see it just as clearly. I love seeing her so tiny. I squint my eyes even more (...) she is now no more than those boys (...) that are in the pupils (...) when you look closely into the eyes (...) but then I moved - and the miracle disappeared (...) I narrow my eyes again (... ) I try in every possible way to renew the vision (...) but in vain.

BSP with dash

Punctuation marks in the BSP directly depend on the semantic relationships of its parts. To place a dash in non-union sentences, one of the conditions given in the table must be present.

Punctuation marks in BSP. Dash setting table with examples
Conditions for using dashes
	I am glad to understand you - understand me too. (I’m glad to understand you, but you should also understand me).
One sentence contains an indication of the time or condition of what is being said in another sentence. You can use a comma and the conjunctions IF and WHEN.	If it rains, we'll cancel the trip. (If it rains, we'll cancel the hike. When it rains, we'll cancel the hike).
The second sentence contains a conclusion or consequence of what is said in the first sentence. You can use a comma and the conjunctions THEREFORE or SO THAT.	There is a lot to do tomorrow - we need to get up early. (Tomorrow there is a lot to do, so we need to get up early).
If the sentence depicts a rapid change of events. You can put a comma and the conjunction I.	There was a loud stomp - everything fell silent. (There was a loud stomp and everything fell silent.)

Dash or no dash?

1. What punctuation marks are used in the BSP given below?

1) The teacher ordered a diary (...) I didn’t have a diary.

2) It’s terribly stuffy (...) there will be a thunderstorm by night.

3) She sat down in the wagon near the hussar (...) the driver whistled (...) the horses rushed off.

4) There was a shout (...) he started running.

5) You will chase after the big (...) you will lose the little.

2. The text contains BSP with different punctuation marks. With which?

A song was heard (...) the voices immediately fell silent (...) the urgings died down (...) and the entire convoy moved on in silence (...) only the clatter of wheels and the slurping of dirt under the horses' hooves could be heard at those moments (...) when the words of the sad song sounded.

3. Which sentence contains a dash?

1) The sun has already set, but it is still light in the forest (...) the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds are chirping and whistling (...) the young grass shines like emerald.

2) My soul is cheerful and festive (...) it’s spring outside (...) and the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds are chirping wildly and joyfully (...) young grass is sprouting.

BSP with colon

Intonation plays a huge role in determining the connection between parts in the BSP. If at the end of the first part it is necessary to raise the tone of voice, then it is probably necessary to add a colon. So it turns out that punctuation marks in BSP depend on intonation. But semantic relationships are also of utmost importance. Let's consider the conditions for placing a colon.

Punctuation marks in BSP. Table with examples of colon placement
Conditions for placing a colon
The second sentence states the reason for what is said in the first sentence. You can use a comma and the conjunction BECAUSE.	I didn't like rainy weather: it made me sad. (I didn’t like rainy weather because it made me sad).
One sentence serves to explain another, revealing its content. You can put a comma and the introductory word NAMELY, then the colon will appear after this word.	A riot of colors reigns in the field: among the bright green grass, chamomile bushes turn white with fragrant snowdrifts, small carnation stars turn red, and occasionally the shy eyes of a cornflower peek through. (A riot of colors reigns in the field, namely: among the bright green grass, chamomile bushes turn white with fragrant snowdrifts, small carnation stars turn red, and occasionally the shy eyes of a cornflower peek through).
The second sentence serves to complement the first. In this case, you can put a comma and the conjunction HOW, WHAT or SEEN WHAT between the sentences.	I feel: carefully, as if fearing something, the fingers are slowly moving up towards the shoulder. (I feel how carefully, as if fearing something, the fingers are slowly moving up to the shoulder).

To colon or not to colon?

In this case, there are also rules.

1. Which ones are missing in the sentence?

Somehow it happened (...) that Vera left ahead of schedule (...) but now this did not frighten Sergei at all (...) he knew (...) that his father and everyone else would return in the evening.

2. Place punctuation marks in the BSP. Example sentences are given below.

1) The picture changed (...) already on the white tablecloth of the fields, black spots and stripes of thawed earth could be seen here and there.

2) I really liked listening to the girl (...) she described to me about a world unknown to me.

3) A little more (...) her eyes will come to life, a smile will bloom on her face.

4) I looked out the window (...) the stars were shining brightly in the cleared sky.

5) How many years have I been serving (...) this has never happened to me before.

Let's summarize what we've learned

BSPs are a complex system that includes four types of sentences, depending on the punctuation marks between the parts of a complex sentence - comma, semicolon, colon, dash.

Punctuation marks in BSP. Table with examples
	semicolon		colon
A shot popped, then a machine gun crackled.	Near the door I saw a boy, all blue from the cold; he was wearing wet clothes that stuck to his body; he was barefoot, and his small feet were covered in mud, like socks; a shiver ran through me from head to toe at the sight of him.	In summer, the trees merged into one green mass; in autumn, each one stood separately, on its own. Dawn began to break - we woke up and went outside. A life without joy is a day without sunshine. If you give, I won’t take.	Here's what I'll do: I'll come with a detachment at night, set fire to explosives and blow that house, that is, the research station, into the air. He thought to himself: the doctor needs to be called. The bird could not fly: its wing was broken.
BSP with punctuation marks. Rule
A comma is used for sentences with connecting relations.	A semicolon is used if sentences with connecting relations have their own commas inside them.	A dash is placed if there are sentences with contrastive, temporal, comparative, concessive, investigative relations.	A colon is placed if there are sentences with explanatory, additional, causal relationships.

What is the difference between punctuation marks in SSP, SPP, BSP

Between the parts of the BSP, relationships are established that are similar to the relationships found in conjunctive sentences: compound and complex.

Non-Union
In one corner a floorboard creaked and the door creaked.	In one corner the floorboard creaked and the door creaked (SSP).
It was already evening, the sun had disappeared behind the pine grove located behind the garden; her shadow stretched endlessly across the fields.	It was already evening, the sun had disappeared behind the pine grove located behind the garden, and its shadow stretched endlessly across the fields.
He felt ashamed to kill an unarmed man - he thought and lowered his gun.	He felt ashamed to kill an unarmed man, so he thought about it and lowered his gun.
I entered the hut: two benches along the walls and a large chest near the stove made up its entire furnishings.	I entered the hut and saw that two benches along the walls and a large chest near the stove made up its entire furnishings.

As can be seen from the table, the placement of punctuation marks in the BSP is much richer than in conjunction sentences, which only use commas. But in allied constructions, the semantic relationships of the parts are clear and understandable, thanks to the unions:

simultaneity, sequence - conjunction I;
reason - conjunction BECAUSE;
consequence - union THEREFORE;
comparison - conjunction HOW;
time - union WHEN;
conditions - union IF;
addition - conjunction THAT;
explanation - conjunction THAT IS;
opposition - conjunction A.

The placement of punctuation marks in the BSP is necessary to express semantic relationships between sentences; they serve as conjunctions.

BSP examples

Examples illustrate BSP options:

with conditional relationships: If you stay here for a day, then you’ll find out.
with temporary relationships: If you can handle it, we’ll transfer you to management.
with the meaning of the consequence: The rain has stopped - you can move on.
with conditional relationships: The sun is shining - we are working, it is raining - we are resting.
with concessionary relationships: I would like a dog like this - I don’t need a cow.
with adversarial relationships: The city ones are beautiful - the countryside is dearer to me.

with connecting relationships: A man, sitting at a table, spoke on the phone; the child was still sleeping on the sofa.
with explanatory relationships: I advise you: do not pick up other people’s wallets.
with relations of consequences: The land was needed for crops: the gardens had to be plowed.
with explanatory relationships: Occasionally voices were heard: late pedestrians were returning home.
with relationships reasons: We must give him credit - he was very ardent, brave and persistent.
with comparison relations: It is not the wind that rustles in the open space, it is not the sea that rages in a storm - my heart yearns for the Motherland, there is no peace and happiness in it.

Example of an OGE task

Among the sentences you need to find complex ones with a non-union connection between parts:

1) The Holy Sea - this is what Baikal has been called for a long time. 2) We will not assure you that there is nothing better than Baikal in the world: everyone is free to love something of their own, and for an Eskimo, his tundra is the crown of creation. 3) From a young age, we love pictures of our native land, they define our very essence. 4) And it is not enough to consider that they are dear to us, they are part of us. 5) You cannot compare icy Greenland with the hot sands of the Sahara, the taiga of Siberia with the steppes of Central Russia, the Caspian Sea with Baikal, but you can convey your impressions of them.

6) But Nature still has her favorites, which she creates with special care and endows with special attractiveness. 7) Such a creature is undoubtedly Baikal.

8) Even if we don’t talk about its wealth, Baikal is famous for other things - for its wonderful strength, its timeless and reserved power.

9) I remember how my friend and I went far along the shore of our sea. 10) It was the beginning of August, a most fertile time, When the water has warmed up, the hills are raging with colors, when the sun makes the fallen snow on the distant Sayan Mountains shine, when Baikal, stocked with water from melted glaciers, lies well-fed and calm, gaining strength for the autumn storms, when the fish splash merrily to the cries of the seagulls.

Depending on the meanings of the parts of non-conjunctive complex sentences and the type of intonation as the most important formal aspect of their construction, various types of non-conjunctive complex sentences are distinguished:

Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of enumeration: Morning was still dozing in one of the alleys in Sololaki, the shadow lay on the wooden low houses gray with age (K. Paustovsky); The horses started moving, the bell rang, the wagon flew away... (A. Pushkin); It was already September, the last harvests in the garden and taiga were ripening (V. Rasputin). These sentences talk about events occurring simultaneously or sequentially and describe the overall picture. Such sentences are characterized by enumerative intonation. Such sentences are often used when describing something (nature, man, interior): The roof had been painted for a long time, the glass gave off a rainbow, grass grew from the cracks between the steps (A. Chekhov); The hazel branches bent over the tree, forming a green canopy; through the branches the sky shone through in the colors of sunset; the spicy smell of fresh leaves filled the air (M. Gorky); His name was Andrei Petrovich Bersenev; his comrade, a blond young man, was nicknamed Shubin, Pavel Yakovlevich (I. Turgenev).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of comparison or opposition: You are a prose writer, I am a poet... (A. Pushkin); Don't promise a pie in the sky - give a bird in your hands (Proverb); It’s not a shame not to know - it’s a shame not to learn (Proverb); From the very beginning I knew everything about poetry - I knew nothing about prose (A. Akhmatova). These sentences talk about phenomena that are opposed to each other or differ from each other: It is necessary, for example, to keep fertilizers in bags - no, they are poured into a heap on the field (V. Peskov); Both went into the box - I into the stalls (V. Gilyarovsky); If there was a neck, there would be a clamp (Proverb); Don’t be afraid of obvious ones - be afraid of secret prisons (Yu. Levitansky).
Unconjunct complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality. The first part of this sentence indicates the condition necessary to perform the action discussed in the second part. And in the second part it can also talk about the consequence, the result of what happens in the first: At noon, walk along a dead street - you won’t meet a person (M. Sholokhov); The rain is not rain, but pasha. If you don’t get up, Lyubishkin’s day will wear away like rust on iron (M. Sholokhov); Hares are jumping under the windows of the house. If you creak the door, they run away into the bushes (V. Peskov); And if you try to drive across our land from the west to the Amur - how many times will the rails run over the water! (V. Peskov).
Non-conjunctive complex sentences with the meaning of explanatory relations: To himself, Danilov formulated the task as follows: Dr. Belov must be made the head of the train (V. Panov); He reasoned like this: his father could have lived by joking (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin). Here the second part performs the function of the subject in relation to the first part. This type of non-union complex sentences can also include those in which in the first part there are verbs to look out, look around, listen, etc. or expressions such as raise your eyes, raise your head, etc., warning of further presentation; in these cases, between the parts of a non-union sentence, you can insert the words and saw that; and heard that; and felt that: I approached the bridge for rinsing clothes and saw: a float on a boy’s fishing rod was slowly being pulled by the current (V. Peskov); Suddenly everyone fell silent and raised their heads: a neighbor appeared from behind the hut, the tall, fair-haired little Grishka (I. Bunin). These sentences also include non-conjunctive complex sentences if the second part denotes an object related to the predicate in the first part, expressed by a verb of speech, thought, perception, etc.: One can assume: in early summer something turns green here and even something is blooming (V. Peskov); During these twenty minutes, I realized: a piece of flatbread and a mug of tea in the desert is not the same as tea in a city house (V. Peskov); I immediately guessed: we won (V. Mashkov). And it became mercilessly clear: life made a noise and went away (A. Blok); I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Lermontov).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of attributive relations: The bearded man’s plan was this: wait for dawn, and then drive the beast into the sea and finish it off (V. Bianchi); Like all Moscow people, your father is like this: he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks... (A. Griboyedov).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of cause-and-effect relationships: He walked alongside: such was the duty of the adjutant (K. Simonov); The huge cast-iron gates of the park did not close: carriages entered them one after another (N. Ostrovsky); The first Fat Man, the owner of the bruise, laughed maliciously: he was avenged (Yu. Olesha); Only the fishing harbor is lively at noon: fishermen go fishing (K. Paustovsky).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of temporary relations: The red sun will rise - goodbye to the clear month (Proverb); If you put a sideways guy in a backpack, he screams and tries to bite (V. Peskov); Next time you come, let's go catch quails (V. Peskov); Spring has come - new worries fell on the shoulders of this thin woman (V. Panova); I went to bed - the forest was noisy (Yu. Kazakov).
Unconjunct complex sentences with the meaning of comparison: You sang a bright song - the bells are ringing! (JI. Oshanin); A dear one will pass by and give him sunshine (Proverb); Says a word - the nightingale sings (M. Lermontov); She laughed cheerfully and contagiously - that’s how children laugh (A. Chekhov).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of consequence, result, rapid change of events: The earth is round - you cannot hide secrets on it (M. Dudin); I came out with a sketch - there is no one happier than me in the world (I. Smolnikov); And the birch tree near the shore has not yet believed the summer - it stands without leaves (V. Peskov); But it’s already late - we decide to spend the night with the fishermen (V. Peskov).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of explanation: But Vaska and Zhenka did not listen, busy with their own affairs: they carried medicinal plants to the procurement point (V. Panova); Today a more serious misfortune happened, Aunt Ganymede: the gunsmith Prospero was captured (Yu. Olesha); The next day, work was in full swing on Court Square: carpenters were building ten blocks (Yu. Olesha); A second later, a miracle happened: the black man became white, beautiful and not black (Yu. Olesha).
Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of accession: Varvara listened: the noise of the evening train was heard (A. Chekhov); He sluggishly dragged his numb legs along the deck, climbed onto the bridge and listened: the dull blows became more frequent (K. Paustovsky); But one day in winter I went out and heard: someone was moaning behind the fence (K. Paustovsky); During pauses, I looked around - it seemed that Violetta was singing in her native Venice (K. Paustovsky); I already know everything by heart - that’s what’s boring (M. Lermontov); But Nikitich can reason in this way all night long - just keep your ears open (V. Shukshin). The first parts of such sentences are distinguished by warning intonation and the presence of a predicate verb naming the action leading to perception, and the second part indicates the object of perception. The second part of such sentences is more informative; it carries the main information.
Non-union proposals of complex composition. In these sentences, the second part consists not of one, but of several simple sentences: He noticed some special disrepair in all the village buildings: the logs on the huts were dark and old; many roofs were leaky like a sieve; on others there was only a ridge at the top and poles on the sides in the form of ribs (N. Gogol). : ; ; . The first and second parts are connected by explanatory intonation; this is a non-union complex sentence with the meaning of explanation; the second and third, third and fourth are enumerative (they have the meaning of enumeration). It’s pleasant after a long walk and deep sleep to lie motionless on the hay: the body is luxuriating and languishing, the face glows with a slight heat, sweet laziness closes the eyes (I. Turgenev). :,,. The first semantic part is the first part of a non-union complex sentence, the second semantic part is the other three sentences connected to each other by enumerative intonation. The first and second parts of a non-union complex sentence are connected by intonation of conditionality (they have cause-and-effect relationships).

A non-union complex sentence is a sentence in which the parts that form it are interconnected^

1) in meaning,

2) intonation,

3) the order of the parts,

4) aspectual and tense forms of predicate verbs.

Semantic connection is expressed in the fact that the parts of the sentence that are part of a non-union complex sentence form a single integral statement.

For example: Evening came, it was raining, and the wind blew intermittently from the north.(M.G.). This complex sentence paints a big picture, the details of which are indicated by listing the parts of the sentences.

Intonation connection parts of a complex sentence have a different character:

This could be the intonation of the enumeration.

For example: A mournful wind drives a flock of clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the dark forest whispers dully.(N.)

Intonation of opposition.

For example: I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.(Gr.);

Intonation of explanation.

For example: A terrible thought flashed through my mind: I imagined it in the hands of robbers.(P.)

Intonation of warning.

For example: Suddenly I feel: someone takes me by the shoulder and pushes me.(T.)

Intonation of conditioning.

For example: (last) etc.

Arrangement order parts in a non-union complex sentence is a means of expressing semantic relationships between them.

Compare: It became cool: evening came(the cause is indicated in the second part, the effect in the first; a causal conjunction can be inserted between the parts because). - Evening came - it became cool(when rearranged, cause-and-effect relationships with a temporal connotation are expressed differently: the cause is indicated in the first part of the sentence, the effect in the second; the adverb therefore can be inserted between them).

A means of connecting parts of sentences also serve as part of a non-union complex sentence forms of tense, aspect and mood of the verb in them. Thus, homogeneous verbal forms are usually used to denote a temporal or spatial connection between phenomena.

For example: The rain was restlessly knocking on the wood of the boat, its soft noise suggested sad thoughts.(M.G.); In a clear field, the snow is silver, wavy and pockmarked, the moon is shining, the troika is rushing along the highway(P.); To the left was a deep gorge; behind him and in front of us, the dark blue peaks of the mountains, pitted with wrinkles, covered with layers of snow, were drawn on the pale horizon, still retaining the last glow of dawn(L.).

Types of non-union complex sentences

There are two main types of non-union complex sentences: correlatives with conjunctive complex sentences And incompatible with them.

Sentences of the second type are relatively rare, much more common than sentences of the first type, which in turn are divided into two groups:

A) non-union complex sentences of homogeneous composition (with the same type of parts)

b) non-union complex sentences of heterogeneous composition (with different types of parts).

The first group includes sentences that, in terms of the meanings they express and according to some structural features, approach complex sentences: both express temporal relations (simultaneity or sequence of phenomena, events), relations of comparison or opposition of actions, etc. ; both of them are characterized by enumerative intonation, comparison intonation, etc.; for both of them, the parts of the sentence included in their composition usually have homogeneous forms of predicates, etc.

For example: ... The ground became damp, the leaves began to sweat, and in some places living sounds and voices began to be heard(T.).

The parts of the sentence that make up this non-union complex sentence are interconnected by the simultaneity of the described phenomena that characterize the onset of morning, enumerative intonation, and the same type of tense forms of predicate verbs.

Compare: compound sentence: The earth is damp and the leaves are fogged. The possibility of inserting a conjunction between parts of a non-union complex sentence of this type indicates the presence of connecting relationships between them, which is typical for similar complex sentences. However, such an insertion is not always stylistically acceptable; compare the above non-conjunctive complex sentence Evening was coming, it was raining.... (M.G.), which would sound unfortunate if turned into a compound ( Evening was coming and it was raining).

The uniformity of aspectual and tense forms of predicate verbs in non-conjunctive complex sentences expressing the simultaneity of actions is not mandatory; compare: The deep darkness in the sky was thinning, the day lay on the dark valley, the dawn rose(P.) (in the first two parts the predicate is expressed by a verb in the imperfect form, in the third part - by a verb in the perfect form); . ..Suddenly thunder struck, light flashed in the fog, the lamp went out, smoke ran, everything around was dark, everything was trembling...(P.) (different tenses of predicate verbs).

Unconjunct complex sentences of this type can express a sequence of actions or phenomena.

For example: The branch swayed and snow fell from it(Paust.).

The predicates of parts of non-union complex sentences with temporal (or spatial) relations can be of different forms: along with verbal forms, they can contain nominal and participial forms with one or another temporal meaning.

For example: The doors and windows are wide open, not a leaf stirs in the garden(Gonch.); The wildflowers have withered, the buzzing of dragonflies is not heard...(Bl.).

The first group of non-union complex sentences also includes those in which relations of comparison or opposition are expressed.

For example: Feet carry - hands feed(last); They shouted a loud cry three times - not a single fighter was moved...(L.).

The possibility of inserting conjunctions a, but between the predicative parts of these sentences indicates their proximity to complex sentences expressing adversative relations.

Often in sentences of this type there is structural parallelism of the parts that form them.

For example: It is not the wind that rages over the forest, it is not the streams that run from the mountains - Frost the Voivode patrols his domain(N.); One for all and all for one(government).

The second group of non-conjunctive complex sentences is formed by those that are semantically close to complex sentences: between the parts of these non-conjunctive sentences there are object relations, determinative, cause-and-effect, conditional-effect relations etc.

What also brings together non-conjunctive complex sentences of this type to complex sentences is that usually in these cases one of the parts of the sentence included in the non-conjunctive sentence contains the main part of the statement (conventionally, it could be equated to the main part in the complex), and the other ( or others) explains, reveals the content of the first (conventionally, it could be equated to a subordinate clause).

For example: Zhilin sees that things are bad.(L. T.) (the second part has an objective meaning).

She imagined a picture: a fragile boat rushing downstream.(Veresaev) (the second part is of decisive importance).

One thing was certain: he would not come back.(T.) (the second part performs the function of the subject in relation to the first part, since the word alone, acting as a formal subject, is devoid of specific meaning).

And my advice is this: take on what you are passionate about.(Kr.) (the second part reveals the non-specific meaning of the predicate pronoun such in the first part).

Artem failed to get his brother a job as an apprentice at the depot: they didn’t hire anyone under fifteen years old.(N. Ostr.) (the second part indicates the reason).

If you love to ride, you also love to carry a sled.(last) (the first part indicates the condition).

They plow the arable land without waving their hands.(last) (the first part indicates time).

The ignorant judge exactly this way: if they don’t understand the point, it’s all a trifle.(Kr.) (the second part reveals the non-specific meaning of the pronominal adverb - the circumstances of the manner of action are the same in the first part).

There was no way to leave unnoticed - he came out openly, as if he was going into the yard...(Fad.) (the second part has the meaning of a consequence).

...If he looks at it, he’ll give it in rubles(N.) (the second part has the meaning of comparison).

Between non-union complex sentences of both types there are transitional cases that combine elements of semantic and structural composition and subordination.

The possibility of transitivity is explained by the fact that non-union complex sentences, devoid of such clear grammatical indicators as conjunctions and relative words, are less amenable to certain classification. Their division into separate types is based primarily on the similarity of the semantic relations they express with those relations that exist in complex and complex sentences. Semantic differences are closely related to different types of intonation, which serves as an important formal aspect of distinguishing between individual types of non-conjunctive complex sentences.

There are several types of transitional non-union complex sentences.

1. Transitive sentences are non-union sentences with explanatory relationships (words can be inserted between two parts, namely), reminiscent of the relationships between the generalizing word and homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example: The weather was terrible: the wind howled, wet snow fell in flakes.... (P.).

The main part of the statement is contained in the first part, but at the same time, the sentences of the second part have a certain semantic independence.

2 . Non-union complex sentences with connecting relations have a transitional character.

For example: The Russian intelligentsia grew and developed in absolutely brutal conditions - this is undeniable(M.G.); A woman will throw herself headlong into a pool of love - that’s the actress(A. Ostr.).

The independence of the second part in such cases is infringed by the presence at the beginning of its words this, that, that, etc., which are understandable only from the context.

A special group of non-union complex sentences with connecting relations is formed by those that do not have a connecting link between both parts (combinations “ and saw that», « and heard that», « and felt that" and so on.).

For example: He looked around: Vasily stood in front of him(T.); He thought, smelled: it smells like honey(Ch.).

The transitional nature of these sentences is due to the fact that the second part, relatively independent, at the same time contains a shade of objective meaning with the predicate of the first sentence.

3. Transitive also include non-union complex sentences with adversative-concessive relations (compare the same nature of sentences with conjunctions Although- But, forming a pair consisting of subordinating and coordinating conjunctions).

For example: I have been serving for sixteen years - this has never happened to me(L. T.); If you look at the image, you will not become holy(M.G.).

In these examples, it is possible to insert an adversative conjunction ( ah, but) and at the same time the use of conjunctions formalizing the addition of a subordinate clause ( although - but).

Along with non-conjunctive complex sentences that form a semantic and syntactic unity, there are non-conjunctive combinations of sentences that retain relative semantic and syntactic independence and intonation completeness.

For example: Curious tits click around me; they puff up their white cheeks funny, make noise and fuss, like young Kunavinsky bourgeois women on holiday; they want to know everything, touch everything and fall into the trap one after another(M.G.).

Syntactic analysis of a unionless complex sentence

Scheme for parsing a unionless complex sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Identify grammatical basics, determine the number of parts (simple sentences), find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic relationships between the parts (enumerative, causal, explanatory, explanatory, comparative, adversative, conditional-temporal, consequences).

5. Parse each part as a simple sentence.

6. Create a proposal outline.

SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF A CONJUNCTIONAL COMPLEX SENTENCE

1) [His entire skin was trembling with thirst for battle], [his eyes were bloodshot], [his nostrils fluttered], [the light steam from his breath was blown away by the breeze].(Yu. Kazakov)

[ - = ],[ - = ],[ - = ],[ = ].

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive, consists of four parts, the relations between the parts are enumerative (simultaneity). Each part is parsed as a simple sentence.

2) [All empty around him ]: [ alone died ], [ other gone].(M. Saltykov-Shchedrin)

[ - = ]:[ - = ],[ - = ].

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive, and consists of three parts; the second and third parts together reveal the reason for what is said in the first (causal relationships); between the second and third parts the relationship is comparative and adversative. Each part is explained as

A unionless complex sentence (BCS) is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected intonationally without the help of conjunctions and allied words. BSPs are often found in fairy tales, in fiction and colloquial speech, among proverbs and sayings.

Non-union complex sentences differ from allied ones in that the syntactic connection of the parts of a complex sentence is expressed in them without the help of conjunctions and allied words. The syntactic connection is expressed intonationally. Intonation also helps determine the meaning of sentences, which can often be defined differently out of context.

In non-union complex sentences, the means of connecting sentences-parts of the BSP are:

intonation;
the order in which proposals are arranged within the BSP;
relationship between the aspect and tense of verbs in sentences.

In this way, BSPs differ from complex and complex sentences, in which conjunctions play this role.

Unconjunct sentences can consist of two or more simple or complex sentences, between which a comma, colon, dash or semicolon is placed, depending on the meaning.

The teacher got sick, the lesson was postponed.

(sequencing)

The teacher fell ill: classes were postponed.

(explanation)

The teacher got sick and classes were postponed.

(causal relationship)

Non-union complex sentences are usually designated BSP.

Classification of non-union proposals

The most common classification of non-union complex sentences is the classification by meaning.

1. BSP with sequence value:

A strong and sharp wind blew and the sky became cloudy.

2. BSP with explanatory meaning:

Something incomprehensible is happening to me: I am worried for no reason.

In such sentences the conjunction can be mentally substituted namely. The second sentence explains the first

3. BSP with complement value:

I entered the house: it was clean and cool.

The second sentence complements the first; it contains additional information.

4. BSP with the meaning of the reason:

I was offended by him: he was guilty before me.

The second sentence states the reason for the first. From the first sentence you can ask the question why?

5. BSP with condition value:

If I want, everything will be my way.

The first sentence contains a condition; a conjunction can be substituted If.

6. BSP with the meaning of the consequence:

There was freezing rain and so many trees were broken.

The second sentence contains a consequence of the events mentioned in the first part. Conjunctions may be added to the second sentence as a result of which or So.

7. BSP with time value:

The rain stopped and the children ran outside.

A conjunction can be substituted in the first sentence When.

8. BSP with mapping value:

Time for business - time for fun.

The second sentence can be substituted with a conjunction A.

Examples of BSP schemes:

[ … ], [ … ] – non-union complex sentence, for example:

By evening it was getting warmer, / frogs were croaking in the garden.

[...] – [... ] – non-union complex sentence, for example:

I went up to the third floor and approached the door - suddenly a desperate dog barking was heard from behind it.

[ … ] : [ … ] is a non-union complex sentence, for example:

Hearing the noise, I lowered my eyes: /a hedgehog ran right in front of me.

Non-union proposal- this is a type of complex sentence in which the connection between the predicative parts is expressed without the participation of conjunctions or allied words. Communication in a non-union sentence is carried out using punctuation marks, intonation and meaning, which depends on the context.

The teacher fell ill, the lecture was postponed until tomorrow.

This sentence has the meaning of a sequence of actions.

The lecture was postponed until tomorrow: the teacher fell ill.

Explanation.

The teacher fell ill - the lecture was postponed until tomorrow.

Cause-and-effect relationship between sentences.

To make it easier to use, it is customary to use the abbreviation SBP.

Types of complex non-union sentences.

The most widespread classification of types of non-union sentences is based on lexical meaning. In accordance with this, the following SBP are distinguished:

- explanatory SBP:

Something incomprehensible was happening on the street: suddenly an incredible noise was heard.

- SBP with sequence value:

The spring sun peeked out from behind the clouds and it quickly became warmer.

- additional SBP:

He decided to go to work: he needed to go in place of his sick partner.

- SBP with condition value:

When I return home, I’ll kick everyone out.

- SBP with reason value:

There was the sound of the door opening: Vika had returned from school.

- SBP with time value:

The sun rose and the birds chirped happily.

- SBP with matching value:

Time for business is time for fun.

- SBP with the meaning of the consequence:

The TV is broken: there was a power surge.

Scheme for parsing a complex non-union sentence.

1. Type of sentence (Complex non-union sentence).

2. The number of predicative parts in the SBP (Two, three or more. Highlight the grammatical bases).

3. Type of semantic connection between the parts of a complex non-union sentence.

4. Explain the placement of the selected sign in the sentence.

5. Draw a diagram of the SBP.