Voeikov alexander ivanovich studies of south america. The value of alexander voeykov in a brief biographical encyclopedia
Voeikov (Alexander Ivanovich) - Russian meteorologist and geographer, nephew of Alexander Fedorovich Voeikov, was born in 1842 in Moscow.
In his younger years (1856 - 1858) he traveled extensively in Western Europe and Asian Turkey (Syria and Palestine). In 1860 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, but the next year he went abroad, where he attended courses at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg and Göttingen; the last university awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1865). Having been a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society since 1866, Voeikov began to take a close part in his work and, on behalf of the society, traveled in 1869-1870. abroad to get acquainted with the meteorological stations in Vienna, Milan, Paris, Brussels and London. In 1870 Voeikov (the second time; the first time in 1868) traveled to the Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan, Baku and Lankaran). Voeikov also took an active part in the work of the Meteorological Commission of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, as its secretary, having processed the observations of the rain and thunderstorm network of this commission for 1871. The next 5 years were devoted to the Voeikovs to a whole series of long journeys; in 1872 he traveled to Galicia, Bukovina, Romania, Hungary and Transylvania, where, among other things, he was studying black soil. In February 1873 Voeikov was already in New York and until October of this year made a large trip to the United States and Canada (S. Louis, New Orleans, through Texas, Colorado, Minnesota and through the lake regions to Quebec). Returning to Washington, Voeikov, until the spring of next year, at the suggestion of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, supplemented the extensive edition undertaken by the institute entitled "Winds of the Globe" and wrote the text. The next year Voeikov traveled to Yucatan, Mexico and South America, where he visited Lima, Lake Titicaca, Chile, Rio de Janeiro. Returning to New York, Voeikov finished his work there for the book "Winds of the Globe" (1875) and then, after returning for a short time to Russia, undertook a new journey across Hindustan, the island of Java and Japan. Voeikov devoted the following years to the development of materials for his travels and meteorological work. In 1882 Voeikov became a privat-docent at the St. Petersburg University in the department of physical geography, in 1885 he was appointed an extraordinary, in 1887 an ordinary professor in the same department. Voeikov is (since 1883) chairman of the meteorological commission of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and was elected an honorary member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies. In 1892 - 1904. was the editor of the geography department of the 82-volume "Encyclopedic Dictionary" of Brockhaus and Efron. Of Voeikov's many scholarly works, except for an article in the book by Professor Coffin "a" The Winds of the Globe (Washington, 1876): Climates of the Globe (St. Petersburg, 1884; in German, Jena, 1887); Meteorology " (St. Petersburg, 1903 - 1904); "Meteorology for secondary educational institutions" (St. Petersburg, 1891; 3rd edition, 1910); "Snow cover, its influence on soil, climate and weather" ("Notes of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society ");" Climate of the monsoon region of East Asia "(ibid., 1879);" Climate of Polesie "(St. Petersburg, 1899);" La variabilite de la pression atmospherique "(" Izvestiya Akademii Nauk ", XIX, 1906) ; "Will the Pacific Ocean be the main trade route of the globe" ("Proceedings of the Geological Society", XL, 1904); "Distribution of the world's population depending on natural conditions and human activities" (ibid., XLII, 1906); "Are there periodic fluctuations climate, and are they ubiquitous? "(" Meteorological Bulletin ", 1910);" Meteorology and climatology of South Polar countries "(" Notes of Hydrography ", XXXII, 1910); "Human food, its influence on endurance and ability to work and dependence on climate" ("Journal of the Society for the Protection of Public Health", 1910); "Climate of the Eastern Black Sea Coast" (St. Petersburg, 1899).
Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov is one of the most famous Russian scientists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the founder of Russian climatology. For the first time in world science, A.I. Voeikov set the task of revealing the essence of complex climatic processes.
Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov is one of the most famous Russian scientists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the founder of Russian climatology. For the first time in world science, A.I. Voeikov set the task of revealing the essence of complex climatic processes. His scientific worldview was based on the idea of nature as an integral and regular system in which all phenomena are in constant interaction. His achievements and discoveries served as the basis for a large number of subsequent work and research in the field of climatology.
A.I. Voeikov was born in 1842 in Moscow. Left without parents early, he spent his childhood and youth in the estate of his uncle D.D. Mertvago near Moscow, where he received an excellent education. He was fluent in four languages - French, German, English and Spanish, which contributed to an active acquaintance with the achievements of world science. Interest in natural phenomena awakened very early, and even at the age of eight, he recorded his observations of the air temperature and the state of the sky.
Having entered the St. Petersburg University in 1860, Voeikov was already seriously interested in meteorology. During the closure of the university due to student unrest, he continued his studies in this field abroad.
After defending his dissertation on the topic "On direct solar insolation in various parts of the world" in 1865, Voeikov preferred the path of independent knowledge of nature to the administrative activity of the assistant director of the Main Physical Observatory (now GGO named after Voeikov) and linked his future life with the Russian Geographical Society, a full member whom he was elected in 1866.
The Geographical Society carried out an enormous amount of work on a comprehensive study of Russia, on the map of which at that time there were many "blank spots". The northern outskirts of the empire, a huge coastal strip in the north and east of the country, steppe and desert areas of Central and Central Asia were not explored. Many peaks of mountain ranges and depths of the seas were not measured. There was no description of vegetation, nature of soils and natural resources of remote areas. The society equipped many land and sea expeditions, headed by such famous Russian travelers and researchers as N.M. Przhevalsky, P.P.Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, P.A.Kropotkin and others. A.I. Voeikov worked in commissions for the equipment of some expeditions and widely publicized their tasks in reports and articles. At this time Voeikov made several trips abroad on behalf of the society: in 1869 to get acquainted with the organization of meteorological observations in Europe and establish contacts with foreign scientific societies; in 1872 to study chernozem soils - to Galicia, Bukovina, Moldavia, Wallachia, Transylvania, Hungary and Austria.
The seventies are a period of great travel. At this time Voeikov traveled around Russia and Europe, North and South America, traveled around the world, visited India, the islands of Ceylon and Java, South China and Japan. The sphere of his scientific interests covered the peculiarities of the climate and landscape, soil and vegetation, the population with its way of life and occupations, the remains of ancient cultures, and much more. The materials accumulated during these trips, the stock of observations later served for the brilliant climatic characteristics of the countries visited.
Among the travel results, the following can be noted:
The explanation for the scarcity of vegetation in Yucatan, in spite of the abundance of precipitation, is that the porous limestones constituting the soil passed water into underground voids;
Mapping the fertile soils of India and collecting a collection of their samples;
Creation on the basis of information about precipitation, the nature of vegetation, etc. the most complete picture of the climate of Japan by that time, as well as the product of barometric leveling of the terrain and determination of the main heights;
After returning to St. Petersburg in January 1877 and publishing a huge material of observations, which formed the basis of the monumental work "Climates of the Globe, especially Russia", in various journals, A.I. Voeikov presented climatological maps of the studied areas for which he was awarded a large gold medal.
The trip around the world served as an excellent preparation for the main work that interested him most - a detailed and comprehensive study of the climate of Russia, its inclusion in the general system of climates of the globe. In the central and southern regions of European Russia, A.I. Voeikov from year to year established and organized meteorological stations. He set up experiments on irrigation and combating dust storms, checked the results of his observations of snow cover and snow retention. Similar studies were carried out in the Volga region, Polesie, Ciscaucasia, in the Caspian regions, in Ukraine.
The system of meteorological observations at that time in the country totaled only about 50 observation posts, established by the Main Physical Observatory, in addition to individual amateur stations. To unite amateurs with the aim of organizing a large number of regular observations on a single model, the Meteorological Committee was created in 1858. However, the audit carried out by the Company found the work of the Committee ineffective and inaccessible to the general public, and the activities of the Committee were terminated. In 1870, at the suggestion of A.I. Voeikov, the Meteorological Commission of the Geographical Society was founded. Special attention was paid to the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology.
Under the chairmanship of A.I. Voeikov, the Commission became a mass public organization uniting those interested in meteorology and agriculture. The work program was expanded to include observations over the duration of sunshine, over snow cover, over temperature and soil moisture, over periodic phenomena such as opening and freezing of rivers, arrival and departure of birds. Through the efforts of A.I. Voeikov, many zemstvo meteorological stations were organized, and a dense rain gauge network was founded.
A number of works by A.I. Voeikov, devoted to the influence of climate on the breeding of agricultural crops, served as the basis for a new trend in climatology, later called agroclimatology. A great innovation in science and agricultural practice was his proposal for frost control with a smoke screen. Other inventions from this period include a specially designed planter that prevents the wind from sweeping away the fertile soil layer.
In 1885, the Ministry of State Property allocated an annual subsidy of 2,000 rubles for the organization and maintenance of twelve exemplary weather stations, also under the leadership of A.I. Voeikov. By this time, he was playing a leading role in the Geographical Society, where he held full leadership in the fields of climatology and meteorology. In 1891, AI Voeikov was elected editor-in-chief of the newly published journal "Meteorological Bulletin" - the organ of the Meteorological Commission.
Pedagogical work, which was part of the active work of A.I. Voeikov, consisted in teaching physical geography at St. Petersburg University since 1881. Lectures were given on the topics "Climates in the Ice Age", "Water Temperatures of the Oceans and Their Relationship to Thermostatics of the Globe". In 1887, A.I. Voeikov was approved as a professor at St. Petersburg University at the Department of Physics.
The main work, the fruit of long-term research and numerous observations, was the work "Climates of the Globe, especially Russia", which was first published in 1884. In 1887 the book was republished with significant additions. It has not lost its relevance and to this day is the reference book of climatologists around the world.
In "Climates" A.I. Voeikov many of his views on the mechanisms of certain natural phenomena and patterns that were not revealed before him. Thus, he was the first scientist to bring climatic processes into close connection with atmospheric circulation; showed the importance of the moisture factor in climate change. broadly and in detail presented the results of research in the field of snow formation and the effect of snow cover on soil and air. He formulated a law (now - Voeikov's law) regarding the influence of relief on daily temperature fluctuations:
1.the daily temperature range, all other things being equal, is greater in wide valleys and basins than in hills and mountains;
2. the more favorable the meteorological conditions for a significant daily amplitude, i.e. the less cloudiness, the drier the air and the weaker the wind, the greater this difference between mountains and valleys;
3. Altitude above sea level, regardless of the topographic position, does not decrease the daily amplitude.
Five times during his scientific career, Alexander Ivanovich was elected a member of the council of the Russian Geographical Society, and in 1908, for his scientific works and great services to Russian science, he was elected an honorary member of the Society. He was, in addition, a full member of four and an honorary member of five Russian and foreign societies. In 1910, A.I. Voeikov was elected a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 1912, Alexander Ivanovich received the title of Honored Professor of St. Petersburg University.
After the outbreak of the First World War, A.I. Voeikov gave all his knowledge to service the front. On his own initiative, he compiled detailed climatic descriptions of those regions and regions in which the possibility of military action was expected in the future (Poland, Galicia, Bukovina, Northern Hungary, Czech Republic, Moravia and East Prussia). These descriptions were published in January 1915 in the Meteorological Bulletin. They turned out to be so useful that the military department instructed the Main Physical Observatory to publish climatic reference books of all areas covered by military operations. Alexander Ivanovich supervised the work and personally compiled the text part of the reference books.
Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov died in the spring of 1916.
http://www.mgo.rssi.ru/voeykov. html
Russian Civilization
Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov was born on May 8 (12), 1842 in Moscow in the family of a serviceman Ivan Fedorovich Voeikov. The Voeikov family estate was located in the Simbirsk province (the village of Samaykino). Childhood and adolescence of Alexander, who became an orphan early, was spent in the estate of his maternal uncle D.D. Dead, where the future naturalist received a good education at home. Alexander Ivanovich was fluent in French, German, English and Spanish, which helped him in the future to quickly get acquainted with the current achievements of world science. Alexander Ivanovich's interest in the study of atmospheric phenomena awakened very early, and even at the age of eight he recorded his own observations of the air temperature and the state of the sky.
In 1860 A.I. Voeikov entered St. Petersburg University and began studying meteorology. During the closure of the university due to student unrest, he continued his studies in Germany. At the University of Göttingen A.I. Voeikov defended his thesis in 1865 on the topic "On insolation and radiation in different parts of the Earth."
After returning home A.I. Voeikov began his scientific activities within the walls of the Russian Geographical Society, of which he was elected a full member in 1866. The Imperial Geographical Society carried out a lot of work on a comprehensive study of the territory of Russia, in particular, the northern outskirts of the country, the steppe and desert regions of Central and Central Asia. A.I. Voeikov worked in the commission for equipping expeditions and promoted their goals and objectives in numerous reports and articles. On behalf of the Academic Council of the society A.I. Voeikov made several trips abroad: in 1869 to get acquainted with the organization of meteorological observations in Europe and to establish direct contacts with foreign scientific societies; in 1872 to study chernozem soils - to Moldova, Galicia, Bukovina, Wallachia, Transylvania, Hungary and Austria. In the seventies of the XIX century A.I. Voeikov traveled to Russia, Europe, North and South America, India, the islands of Ceylon and Java, South China, Japan and traveled around the world.
Scientific interests of A.I. Voeikov extended to the study of climate and landscape, soil and vegetation cover, population in connection with its life, occupations and traditional culture. The important results of the scientist's travels were: the explanation of the scarcity of the Yucatan vegetation, despite the abundance of precipitation, by the fact that the porous limestones constituting the soil passed water into underground voids; mapping the fertile soils of India and collecting a collection of their samples; creation on the basis of information about precipitation, the nature of vegetation, the most complete picture of the climate of Japan by that time, as well as the product of barometric leveling of the terrain and determination of the main heights.
After his return to St. Petersburg in January 1877 and the publication of observation materials, which formed the basis of the monumental work "Climates of the Globe, especially Russia", in various magazines, A.I. Voeikov presented climatological maps of the studied regions at the World Exhibition in Paris, for which he was awarded a large gold medal. The trip around the world served as an excellent preparation for the main work that interested him most - a detailed and comprehensive study of the climate of Russia, its inclusion in the general system of climates of the globe. In the central and southern regions of European Russia, A.I. Voeikov from year to year established and organized meteorological stations. He set up experiments on irrigation and combating dust storms, checked the results of his observations of snow cover and snow retention. Similar studies were carried out in the Volga region, Polesie, Ciscaucasia, in the Caspian regions, in Ukraine.
The system of meteorological observations at that time in the country totaled only about 50 observation posts, established by the Main Physical Observatory, in addition to individual amateur stations. To unite amateurs with the aim of organizing a large number of regular observations on a single model, the Meteorological Committee was created in 1858.
In 1870, at the suggestion of A.I. Voeikov, the Meteorological Commission of the Geographical Society was founded. Special attention was paid to the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology. Chaired by A.I. Voeikova The Commission became a mass public organization that brought together those interested in meteorology and agriculture. The work program was expanded to include observations over the duration of sunshine, over snow cover, over temperature and soil moisture, over periodic phenomena such as opening and freezing of rivers, arrival and departure of birds. Through the efforts of A.I. Voeikov, many zemstvo meteorological stations were organized, and a dense rain gauge network was founded.
A number of works by A.I. Voeikov, devoted to the influence of climate on the breeding of agricultural crops, served as the basis for a new trend in climatology, later called agroclimatology. New in agricultural practice was Alexander Ivanovich's proposal to combat frost using a smoke screen. Other inventions from this period include a specially designed seeder that prevents wind erosion of the fertile soil layer.
In 1885, the Ministry of State Property allocated an annual subsidy of 2,000 rubles for the organization and maintenance of twelve exemplary meteorological stations, also under the leadership of A.I. Voeikova. By this time, he was playing a leading role in the Geographical Society, where he held full leadership in the fields of climatology and meteorology.
In 1891 A.I. Voeikov was elected editor-in-chief of the newly published journal "Meteorological Bulletin" - the organ of the Meteorological Commission.
Pedagogical work, which was part of the active work of A.I. Voeikova, was to teach physical geography at St. Petersburg University since 1881. At the university A.I. Voeikov read the lectures "Climates in the Ice Age", "Ocean Water Temperatures and Their Relationship to the Termostatics of the Globe".
In 1887 A.I. Voeikov was approved as a professor at St. Petersburg University at the Department of Physics.
The main work, the fruit of long-term research and numerous observations, was the work "Climates of the Globe, especially Russia", first published in 1884. This book was reprinted in 1887 with significant additions. In this book, which has lost its relevance to the present time, A.I. Voeikov described the mechanisms of the formation of natural phenomena and patterns that had not been established before him. Thus, he was the first to point out the important role of atmospheric circulation; showed the importance of moisture circulation in the process of climate formation, studied the effect of snow cover on soil and air, as well as the effect of relief on daily fluctuations in air temperature (Voeikov's law).
In 1908, Alexander Ivanovich was elected an honorary member of the Russian Geographical Society for his scientific works and great services to Russian science. He was, in addition, a full member of four and an honorary member of five Russian and foreign societies.
In 1910 A.I. Voeikov was elected a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 1912 Alexander Ivanovich received the title of Honored Professor of St. Petersburg University.
In connection with the outbreak of the First World War, A.I. Voeikov published in January 1915 in the "Meteorological Bulletin" climatic descriptions of the European theater of military operations (East Prussia, Poland, Czech Republic, Moravia, Galicia, Bukovina, Northern Hungary). The military department, highly appreciating the work of A.I. Voeikov, gave the task of the Main Physical Observatory to publish climatic reference books for all areas of military operations.
Based on data from foreign Antarctic expeditions A.I. Voeikov in the 1910s published a series of works describing the meteorological conditions of the subantarctic islands and coastal regions of Antarctica. On the basis of a very limited set of initial data, Aleksandr Ivanovich made a number of important conclusions, which were later confirmed on the basis of more extensive observational data. For example, A.I. Voeikov pointed out that the surface pressure in East Antarctica is, on average, higher than in West Antarctica, which is explained by the asymmetric position of the polar anticyclone relative to the South Pole. Analyzing observations of the movement of clouds and smoke over the Erebus volcano, A.I. Voeikov came to the conclusion that in the upper layers of the troposphere the movement of air masses is directed opposite to the surface currents due to the complex vertical structure of the Antarctic anticyclone. As a result of the study of the variability of air temperature and wind speed, an important conclusion was made about the intense cyclonic activity between 60о S latitude. and the Arctic Circle.
A.I. Voeikov developed the doctrine of the climatic system, in which all processes are in continuous interaction, which opened up the prospect of further studies of the Earth's climate.
In the last years of A.I. Voeikov turned to a new kind of activity for himself. He published several brochures in which "recommendations" are given for improving the living conditions of the poorest strata of the population of the Russian Empire. As a vegetarian, Voeikov tried to promote the widespread use of plant foods, referring to the experience of the population of tropical countries, and also pointed out the importance and experienced the procedures of hardening the body in order to reduce the cost of purchasing warm clothes. Such utopian conclusions of A.I. Voeikov were not based on a rigorous scientific approach.
The founder of Russian climate science, Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov, died on January 27 (February 9) 1916.
The research vessel "AI Voeikov" is named after Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov, which has carried out a series of scientific experiments in both hemispheres of the planet, including rocket sounding.
Literature about A.I. Voeikove:
Pokshievsky V.V. A.I. Voeikov and questions of population geography // Questions of geography. - 1947. - Issue. 5. - S. 33-40. Pokshievsky V.V. / In the book: Academician A.I. Voeikov "Human Impact on Nature". - M .: Nauka, 1963 .-- S. 3-37. A.I. Voeikov and modern problems of climatology. Collection of 17 articles, ed. M.I. Budyko. L. Gidrometoizdat. 1956 .-- 283 p.
Selected publications:
Voeikov A.I. On the distribution of rainfall in Russia // Meteorological Bulletin. - 1870. - N 1. - C. Voeikov A.I. The climates of the world, especially Russia. 1884. (Reprinted by the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1948). Voeikov A.I. Meteorology. - Part 3: Pressure and air movement. Optical phenomena in the atmosphere. - SPb., 1903. Voeikov A.I. Meteorology. At 4 o'clock - SPb., 1904. Voeikov A.I. Scottish South Polar Expedition and Temperatures South of the South American Continent // Meteorological Bulletin. - 1906. - N 10. - C. Voeikov A.I. Air temperature and sunshine on the Earth of South Georgia // Izvestiya AN. Ser. IV. 1910 .-- T. 4. - S. Voeikov A.I. Meteorology. and climatology of the South Polar countries // Notes on hydrography. 1910. - Issue. XXXII. - C. Voeikov A.I. Climate of the Magellanic Lands and Western Antarctica // Meteorological Bulletin. - 1910. - N 3. - C. 77-78.
VOEYKOV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH
Voeikov (Alexander Ivanovich) - Russian meteorologist and geographer, nephew of Alexander Fedorovich Voeikov, was born in 1842 in Moscow. In his younger years (1856 - 1858) he traveled extensively in Western Europe and Asian Turkey (Syria and Palestine). In 1860 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, but the next year he went abroad, where he attended courses at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg and Göttingen; the last university awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1865). Having been a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society since 1866, Voeikov began to take a close part in his work and, on behalf of the society, traveled in 1869-1870. abroad to get acquainted with the meteorological stations in Vienna, Milan, Paris, Brussels and London. In 1870 Voeikov (the second time; the first time in 1868) traveled to the Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan, Baku and Lankaran). Voeikov also took an active part in the work of the Meteorological Commission of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, as its secretary, having processed the observations of the rain and thunderstorm network of this commission for 1871. The next 5 years were devoted to the Voeikovs to a whole series of long journeys; in 1872 he traveled to Galicia, Bukovina, Romania, Hungary and Transylvania, where, among other things, he was studying black soil. In February 1873 Voeikov was already in New York and until October of this year made a large trip to the United States and Canada (S. Louis, New Orleans, through Texas, Colorado, Minnesota and through the lake regions to Quebec). Returning to Washington, Voeikov, until the spring of next year, at the suggestion of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, supplemented the extensive edition undertaken by the institute entitled "Winds of the Globe" and wrote the text. The next year Voeikov traveled to Yucatan, Mexico and South America, where he visited Lima, Lake Titicaca, Chile, Rio de Janeiro. Returning to New York, Voeikov finished his work there for the book "Winds of the Globe" (1875) and then, after returning for a short time to Russia, undertook a new journey across Hindustan, the island of Java and Japan. Voeikov devoted the following years to the development of materials for his travels and meteorological work. In 1882 Voeikov became a privat-docent at the St. Petersburg University in the department of physical geography, in 1885 he was appointed an extraordinary, in 1887 an ordinary professor in the same department. Voeikov is (since 1883) chairman of the meteorological commission of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and was elected an honorary member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies. In 1892 - 1904. was the editor of the geography department of the 82-volume "Encyclopedic Dictionary" of Brockhaus and Efron. Of Voeikov's many scholarly works, except for an article in the book by Professor Coffin "a" The Winds of the Globe (Washington, 1876): Climates of the Globe (St. Petersburg, 1884; in German, Jena, 1887); Meteorology " (St. Petersburg, 1903 - 1904); "Meteorology for secondary educational institutions" (St. Petersburg, 1891; 3rd edition, 1910); "Snow cover, its influence on soil, climate and weather" ("Notes of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society ");" Climate of the monsoon region of East Asia "(ibid., 1879);" Climate of Polesie "(St. Petersburg, 1899);" La variabilite de la pression atmospherique "(" Izvestiya Akademii Nauk ", XIX, 1906) ; "Will the Pacific Ocean be the main trade route of the globe" ("Proceedings of the Geological Society", XL, 1904); "Distribution of the world's population depending on natural conditions and human activities" (ibid., XLII, 1906); "Are there periodic fluctuations climate, and are they ubiquitous? "(" Meteorological Bulletin ", 1910);" Meteorology and climatology of South Polar countries "(" Notes of Hydrography ", XXXII, 1910); "Human food, its influence on endurance and ability to work and dependence on climate" ("Journal of the Society for the Protection of Public Health", 1910); "Climate of the Eastern Black Sea Coast" (St. Petersburg, 1899).
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
See also the interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is VOEYKOV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- VOEYKOV, ALEXANDER IVANOVICH
Russian meteorologist and geographer, nephew of Alexander Fedorovich V. (see below), b. in 1842 in Moscow. In his younger years (1856-58) ... - VOEYKOV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH
(1842-1916) climatologist and geographer, founder of climatology in Russia, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1910). Proceedings "Climates of the Globe, Especially Russia" (1884). ... - VOEYKOV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Alexander Ivanovich, Russian climatologist and geographer, founder of climatology in Russia. Corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1910). In 1860 ... - VOEYKOV, ALEXANDER IVANOVICH in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
? Russian meteorologist and geographer, nephew of Alexander Fedorovich V. (see below), b. in 1842 in Moscow. In his younger years ... - ALEXANDER in the Essential Guide to Weapons:
Jehan, master of crossbows. Belgium. ... - ALEXANDER in the Dictionary of the Meanings of Hebrew Names:
(male) The Jews give this name in honor of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia. The Talmud tells that when Alexander saw the high priest of the Jerusalem Temple, ... - ALEXANDER in the Biblical Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
1Mac 1: 1 - King of Macedon, son of Philip the 11th, the greatest of conquerors. Its glorious history is undoubtedly known to every reader of the world ... - ALEXANDER in the Dictionary-reference book Myths of Ancient Greece:
1) the name of Paris, when he lived with the shepherds and did not know about his origin. 2) the son of Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, and ... - ALEXANDER in the Brief Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities:
(Alexander, ??????????), called the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Asia, was born in Pella in 356 BC He was ... - ALEXANDER
Alexander, ALEXANDER 1) see Paris; 2) nephew of the tyrant Polyphron of Fereysky (in Thessaly), killed him and himself became a tyrant in 369 ... - ALEXANDER in the Handbook of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
Byzantine emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, who ruled in 912-913. Son of Basil I. Died June 6, 913 Alexander reigned with Constantine, son ... - ALEXANDER in the biographies of the Monarchs:
Byzantine emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, who ruled in 912-913. Son of Basil I. Died June 6, 913 Alexander reigned with Constantine, ... - IVANOVICH in the Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Korneliy Agafonovich (1901-82), teacher, Ph.D. Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1968), Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences and Professor (1944), specialist in agricultural education. Was a teacher ... - IVANOVICH in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion Ivan) (1845-1902), Romanian musician, conductor of military bands. Author of the popular waltz Danube Waves (1880). In the 90s. lived ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VIII (Alexander) (in the world Pietro Ottoboni Pietro Ottoboni) (1610-1691), Pope from 1689. Cardinal (1652) and Bishop of Brescia (1654). Achieved ... - ALEXANDER in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. - 2nd son of Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, great-grandson of Monomakhov, b. May 30, 1220, at the Grand Duke of Vladimir was ... - ALEXANDER in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- ALEXANDER in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
I (1777 - 1825), Russian emperor from 1801. The eldest son of Emperor Paul I. At the beginning of his reign, he carried out reforms prepared by the Secret ... - IVANOVICH
IVANOVICH (Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion, Ivan) (1845-1902), rum. musician, military conductor orchestras. Author of the popular waltz Danube Waves (1880). In the 90s. ... - Voyeikov in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VOEYKOV Al-dr Iv. (1842-1916), climatologist and geographer, founder of climatology in Russia, Ph.D. Petersburg. AN (1910). Tr. "The climates of the globe, in ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER NORTH (Alexander Severus) (208-235), Rome. emperor since 222, from the Severian dynasty. In 231-232 he fought a successful war with ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER NEVSKY (1220 or 1221-1263), prince of Novgorod in 1236-51, grand. prince of vladimir from 1252. son of prince. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Victories over ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH (1866-1933), Russian. led. prince, grandson of imp. Nicholas I, adm. and adjutant general (1909). In 1901-05, the chief manager of the auction. sailing and ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH (1301-39), grand. Prince Vladimir (1325-27) and Tver (1325-27 and from 1337). Son of Prince. Mikhail Yaroslavich. He competed with Ivan ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER OF MACEDON, Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), one of the greatest military leaders of antiquity, king of Macedonia since 336. Son of King Philip II; ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER I KARAGEORGIEVICH (1888-1934), from 1921 the king of Yugoslavia (until 1929 the Corps of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Member of the Balkan Wars 1912-13, in ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER KAZIMIROVICH, Jagiellon (1461-1506), grand. prince of Lithuania from 1492, king of Poland from 1501. Son of Casimir IV. With him, it intensified ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER GOOD (? -1432), mold. ruler since 1400. Contributed to strengthening the independence of Moldovan. states, successfully fought against Ottoman aggression, encouraged trade and ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER BATTENBERG, see Battenberg ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER APHRODISIAN, ancient Greek. philosopher peripatetic. schools (late 2nd - early 3rd centuries). Aristotle's commentator, influenced the Padua school, P. ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER VI (1431-1503), Pope from 1492. In 1493 he published bulls about the division of spheres of influence in the West. hemisphere between Spain ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER III (? -1181), Pope from 1159. He strove for the top. the power of the papacy over secular sovereigns. In the fight against Frederick I ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER II (? -1605), king of Kakheti from 1574. He fought with Iran. aggression. In 1587 he swore allegiance to the Russian. Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich. ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER I Georgievich (? -1511), king of Kakheti since 1476. He fought with the Iranian Tur. aggression, in 1491-92 sent friendships. embassy to Russia. V … - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER III (1845-94), rus. emperor since 1881. Second son of Alexander II. In the 1st floor. 80s carried out the abolition of the poll tax, ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER II (1818-81), rus. Emperor since 1855. The eldest son of Nicholas I. Carried out the abolition of serfdom and carried out a number of reforms (zemstvo, ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER I (1777-1825), Russian Emperor c 1801. The eldest son of Paul I. At the beginning of his reign, he carried out moderately liberal reforms developed by Neglasny ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER (1603-78), church. activist, bishop of Vyatka in 1657-74. Opponent of the Church. reforms of Patriarch Nikon, patronized the Old Believers. After the church. Cathedral of 1666 brought ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER of Gales (Alexander Halensis) (c. 1170 or c. 1185-1245), philosopher, dep. Augustinian Platonism, Franciscan. He taught in Paris. In his ... - ALEXANDER in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- IVANOVICH
(Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion, Ivan) (1845-1902), Romanian musician, conductor of military bands. Author of the popular waltz Danube Waves (1880). In the 90s. ... - Voyeikov in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
Alexander Ivanovich (1842-1916), climatologist and geographer, founder of climatology in Russia, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1910). Proceedings “Climates of the Globe, in ... - GOLOSCHAPOV SERGEY IVANOVICH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Goloshchapov Sergei Ivanovich (1882 - 1937), archpriest, holy martyr. Commemoration of December 6, in ... - JUVENALY VOYIKOV
Yuvenaly (Voeikov, 1729 - 1807) - abbot, from the nobility; studied at the land cadet corps, but a year after completing the course ... - VOEYKOV FEDOR MATVEEVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Voeikov (Fedor Matveyevich, 1703 - 1778) - among other young noblemen, was sent by Peter I to foreign lands for ... - VOYIKOV SILA ROMANOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Voeikov (Sila Romanovich) - was a solicitor with a dress (according to the current wardrobe master) under Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, used his location and ...
Voeikov(Alexander Ivanovich) - Russian meteorologist and geographer, nephew of Alexander Fedorovich V. (see below), b. in 1842 in Moscow. In his younger years (1856-58) he traveled extensively in Western Europe and Asian Turkey (Syria and Palestine). In 1860 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, but the next year he went abroad, where he attended courses at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg and Göttingen; the last university awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1865). Consisting from 1866 a member of the Imperial. russ. geographer. society, V. began to take a close part in his work and on behalf of the society traveled abroad in 1869-70 to get acquainted with the meteorological stations in Vienna, Milan, Paris, Brussels and London. In 1870 V. (the second time; the first time in 1868) traveled to the Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan, Baku and Lankaran). V. also took an active part in the work of the Meteorological Commission Imp. Russian geogr. total as its secretary, having processed the observations of the rain and thunderstorm network of this commission for 1871. The next 5 years are devoted to V. a number of long travels; in 1872 he traveled to Galicia, Bukovina, Romania, Hungary and Transylvania, where, among other things, he was studying black soil. In February 1873, Mr .. V. was already in New York and until October of this year made a large trip to the United States and Canada (St. Louis, New Orleans, through Texas, Colorado, Minnesota and through the lake areas to Quebec). Returning to Washington, V. until the spring of next year, at the suggestion of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, supplemented the extensive publication undertaken by the institute under the title. Winds of the Globe and wrote the lyrics. The next year V. made a trip to Yucatan, Mexico and South America, where he visited Lima, Lake. Titicaca, Chile, Rio Janeiro. Returning to New York, V. finished his work there for the book "Winds of the Globe" (1875) and then, after returning for a short time to Russia, undertook a new journey across Hindustan, the island of Java and Japan. The next years V. devoted the development of materials for his travels and meteorological work. In 1882, Mr .. V. entered the assistant professor at St. Petersburg University in the department of physical geography, in 1885 he was appointed an extraordinary, in 1887 an ordinary professor in the same department. V. is (since 1883) chairman of the meteorological commission Imp. Russian geogr. society and was elected an honorary member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies.
Of the numerous scientific works of V., we will name only the most important: the above-mentioned extensive article in the book of prof. Coffin 'a "The Winds of the Globe" (Washington, 1876); Climates of the Globe (St. Petersburg, 1884, also published with additional in German, Jena, 1887); "Distribution of precipitation in Russia" ("Zap. I.R. Geogr. General", vol. VI); "Snow cover, its influence on soil, climate and weather" (v., Vol. XVIII); "Our rivers" (2 st. In "Russian thought" 1877-1878); "Travel in Japan" ("Proceedings of the Imperial R. Geogr. Society", 1S77); "Climate of the monsoon region of East Asia" (the same, 1879); "New data on the daily temperature amplitude" ("Izv. Obsh. Loves. Natural science.", V. XXXXI, 1881); "Climatic conditions of glacial phenomena" ("Zap. Miner. Obsh.", 1881); “Influence of topographic conditions on average winter temperatures, especially at anticyclones (“ Zh. Russk. Phys.-Chem. Society. ”, 1882); "On some conditions for the distribution of heat in the oceans and their relationship to the thermostatics of the globe" ("Izv. Im. Russian Geographical Society.", 1883); "Ways of Man's Impact on Nature" ("Russian Review" 1892, book IV); "Climate and National Economy" (in the Collection "Help to the Hungry", published by the editorial board of "Russian. Ved.", Moscow, 1892). - On in. language: " Die atmospherische circulation» (« Ergänzungsheft Petermanns Mittheilungen", 38); "Klima von Ost-Asien" (1st work proving the spread of the Asian monsoon area to the Sea of Okhotsk and Transbaikalia; in " Zeitschift. d. Oester. Ges. f. Meteor.", 1870); " Die Wald- u. Regenzonen d. Kaukasus"(V. 241, 1871); " Zur Temperatur von Ostsibirien"(I-e indication of a lower winter temperature in the valleys of Eastern Siberia in comparison with the mountains as a normal phenomenon, that is, 1871); " Die Passate, die tropischen Regen und die subtropische Zone"(The same, 1872); Klimat von Inner-Asien (also, 1877); " Die Vertheilung der Wärme in Ost-Asien"(The same, 1878); " Grösse der täglichen Wärmeschwankung, abhängig von Localverhältnissen"(The same, 1883); " Regenverhältnisse des malayischen Archipels"(The same, 1885); " Temperaturä nderung mit der Hohe in Bergländern und in der freien atmosphäre"(" Meteorolog. Zeitschr. ", 1885); " Klimatol. Zeit- und Streitfragen"(Also, 1888). In addition, many works by V., a complete list of which reaches 200, are placed in the periodical. ed .: "Izv. Common any natural science "; "Zap. Imp. Russian geogr. total. "; “Izvestiya. Imp. Russian geogr. total. "," Zap. Mineral. general. "," Meteorologist. Bulletin published by Imp. Russian geogr. total. " (1891), "Zh. Russian. physical and chemical. obsch. ", zhurn. "Agriculture and Forestry", "Zhurn. Minister. people. prosv. ", in" Proceedings of the VIII Congress of Russian. naturalists "," Journals Kharkovsk. agriculture. total. " (for 1891), in the collection Speeches and Protocols of the VI Congress of Russian Naturalists and Physicians (St. Petersburg, 1880), in the Encyclopedic Dictionary (Brockhaus-Efron Publishing House, 1890), in which V. himself the editorial office of the department of geography, in "Russian thought", "Russian review", in foreign magazines: "Meteorologische Zeitschrift", "Zt d. Ges. f. Erdkunde "," Z-t, f. wiss. Geogr. "," Geograph. Magaz. " , "Bullet. de la Soc. de Géogr. "," Nature "(London)," Philosophie Magaz. "," Archives des Sciences Phisiques Naturelles"," Americ. Meteor. journ. "," Quarterly journ. Roy. Meteor. Soc."(London).
