Top dressing of grapes in summer with fertilizers. Rapid growth of grapes: which fertilizers are better to use

On fertile soils and subject to the introduction of special fertilizers into the hole for cuttings during planting, it is believed that in the next 2-3 years the grapes do not need additional fertilization. Unfortunately, this is not always true. Over time, the soil is depleted. Correct and timely application of top dressing for grape seedlings guarantees a rich harvest.

It's interesting to know! There are almost 10,000 grape varieties in the world, and it takes 600 berries to get one bottle of wine.

How to determine what the plant lacks?

The care of cuttings planted in the fall and how to fertilize grape seedlings is determined by the needs of the plants. They are identified by analyzing the soil in the allotted area for the vineyard or by the appearance of the leaves.

The first method is expensive, therefore, further feeding of a young grape seedling is most often carried out taking into account the state of the green mass:

With these substances we feed both young grape seedlings and adult bushes. As is clear, depending on the soil, it may be necessary to feed the plant in the first year of life.

Fertilizers

The cultivation of grapes and any other fruit-bearing crop requires the introduction of feeding. The choice always comes down to various drugs sold in the store, which are chemistry enriched with microelements, and to organic matter - household, plant, and animal waste.

Mineral fertilizers

The need for fertilizing based on chemical compounds, as a rule, is required for young plants planted in the fall after removing the shelter, when signs of deficiency of certain microelements appear. The latter are most often manifested on infertile soils.

One-component mineral fertilizers, as well as two- and three-component preparations, are best suited. Each has its own characteristics. They are not all equally useful. Along with the timing of application and dosage, it is always necessary to carefully study the composition and find a gentle replacement.

Organic

Natural replacement for one-, two-, three-component mineral compounds and complexes.

Organic ingredients, as a rule, are always readily available in every horticultural enterprise and even in the country, if grapes are grown in small quantities.

Mineral fertilizers and organic matter - how to fertilize grapes?

Of the mineral compounds, feeding of young grapes is carried out with potassium salt, potassium chloride, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, nitrophos, ammophos. Of the complex fertilizers, such preparations as Florovit, Aquarin, Kemira, Novofert and Solution are widely used. Special care must be taken with potassium chloride. A high concentration of chlorine can damage grapes.

How can yields be improved?
We are constantly writing letters in which amateur gardeners worry that due to the cold summer this year there is a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS on this matter. But, unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulants that will help increase the yield up to 50-70%.
Read ...

From organics, as mentioned above, manure and dung are used. It is prepared in a 2: 3 ratio with water. The slurry is insisted for 2 weeks, stirring every other day. A liter of finished fertilizer and a similar amount of ash are diluted in 10 liters of clean water and poured under a bush. They are entered according to a combined scheme. The plant is poured with a bucket of water before and after the introduction of organic matter, that is, together with the fertilizer, 30 liters of liquid are poured, 10 of which are top dressing.

Organics versus chemistry

The cultivation of grapes not for sale is allowed to almost completely abandon the use of mineral compounds. The presentation and the amount of the harvested crop are much less important, so gardeners can only use organic matter. It is not always possible to do this.

Preventive treatment is usually carried out with chemicals, and it is not always possible to do without this measure.

The harvest for sale requires a high fruiting crop. This influences the choice of variety and fertilization. It will not be possible to completely abandon chemistry. It is certainly possible to minimize mineral feeding. For this purpose, organic matter alternates with chemistry. Such a step allows you to get large, tasty, and, most importantly, bunches that are safe for a potential consumer.

What do grapes need?

For the full development, flowering, fruiting of a fruit crop, a huge amount of trace elements and vitamins is needed, but there are a number of substances that the vineyard soil must be rich in.

Copper

Responsible for the growth and development of shoots. This trace element plays an important role in protecting the plant from frost and fungal pathogens.

Zinc

This element is undeservedly deprived of many growers, but it is he who is responsible for rich and good fruiting.

Potassium

Improves the quality of grape bunches. The element activates the ripening of the vine, and also increases the resistance of the crop to cold.

Boron

It has a beneficial effect on pollen germination. The substance increases the amount of sugar and accelerates the ripening of fruits.

Phosphorus

Essential at the initial stage of flowering. It helps to develop inflorescences, berries to tie, to ripen in clusters.

Compost

Alternative to manure, obtained from food and plant waste, containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen.

Ash

Improves the quality composition and deacidifies the soil. It can contain the whole range of useful substances, depending on the material being burned.

Manure

Overripe manure for fertilizing grape seedlings is an organic replacement for complex fertilizers. It is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other substances necessary for culture.

How is feeding carried out?

It is most advisable to add nutrient compositions to special shallow wells. They must be located at a distance of 45-50 cm from the trunk of the grape bushes. This allows for the maximum assimilation of trace elements directly by the root system, which "in search of" the necessary substances will not grow close to the surface or, conversely, too deeply.

Experienced growers recommend combining the laying of organic or mineral feeding with watering. Such a combined exercise further improves the nutrition of the root system of both young and adult crops. In addition, it can reduce the risk of burns if the formulations are too concentrated.

What is foliar feeding?

Grapes, like other fruiting crops, absorb nutrients not only through the root system, but also through the green mass. The nutrients caught on the leaf plate are absorbed by the plant almost immediately, which allows even a withering bush to be urgently "revived". This method of fertilization cannot replace root dressing. He is auxiliary.

The nuances of making root dressings

Spraying of green mass is carried out exclusively with liquid fertilizer, but in lower concentrations. It is almost completely absorbed by the plant, in contrast to the enrichment of the soil, when this process occurs gradually, and some of the substances can be washed out. An event is carried out with the help of a sprayer in the evening or in the morning, so that the fertilizing has time to be absorbed, and the leaves do not get burned.

Root feeding according to all the rules

When the shelter is removed in the spring, the bush is poured with a bucket of water with a spoonful of carbamide. Additional watering of seedlings with 10-20 liters of clean water allows avoiding burning of roots. If, during planting, nutrients were laid in the hole, then in May-June it is enough to add slurry. Other dressings are introduced when there is a deficiency in any substance.

In other cases and for older specimens, the root feeding scheme is as follows:

before flowering, manure (manure, compost) or nitrophosphate (65 g per bucket) with the addition of 5 g of boric acid is applied;
2 weeks before fruit setting, active nitrogen is needed, which is obtained by diluting 20 g of ammonium nitrate and 6 g of potassium magnesia in 10 liters of water;
14 days before harvesting the bunches, 20 g of superphosphate and potassium, diluted in a bucket of water, so that the berries get a good size.

Along with root dressings, foliar dressings are carried out, as well as autumn ones for digging with the use of organic matter, but they are done no more than once every 2-3 years.

Complex feeding

The soil is enriched with nutrients individually or in combination. The second technology involves the use of mineral and vitamin preparations. They are quite varied and are sold in specialized gardening stores. Novice growers mistakenly believe that such complexes are capable of replacing organic matter. The latter usually has to be added to the ground. This is especially true for manure.

This organic fertilizer is essentially complex. The manure contains a large amount of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium. The tool improves the quality of the soil, protects the plant root system from excess moisture. Thanks to nitrogen, the absorption of nutrients and vitamins is improved. Compost can become a substitute for manure, if for some reason it was not available for use.

It can be obtained independently from various components available on the farm. It is enough to mix together organic waste, grass cuttings, food debris, animal droppings, and so on. The resulting compost will not be inferior in useful qualities to manure.

Nutrients Needed for Grape Growth

At different stages of development, a culture needs certain substances:

Growing green mass requires sufficient nitrogen in the spring, but not in summer or fall.
Abundant ovary formation requires phosphorus. In an easily assimilated form, the substance is contained in superphosphate.
The acceleration of the maturation of brushes and young shoots is carried out thanks to such a trace element as potassium.
The growth and development of shoots is carried out at the expense of copper, which increases the plant's resistance to frost and drought.

Copper helps protect grapes from fungal diseases. Treating the bush with a Bordeaux mixture or oxychome protects the plant from oidium, anthracnose, mildee.

Features and timing of foliar top dressing of grapes

To provide the grapes with all the necessary substances, the vine, which we grow by any propagation method (cuttings or layering), is sprayed with the nutrient composition at least 4 times:

before flowering;
after fruit ovaries;
at the beginning of berry ripening;
2 weeks after softening the grapes.

Organic advocates use wood ash infused with water in a ratio of 1:15. Adding 3 tablespoons of sugar will improve the absorbency. If complexes are used, use Aquarin or Plantafol.

It sprays best on cloudy and calm days. Use a sprayer so that the nutrient composition completely covers the leaf plates and does not roll off.

Effective feeding of grape seedlings

And a little about the secrets of the Author

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A good grape harvest depends on many factors. One of the important stages of care, which directly affects the yield of the crop, is feeding. Timely application of fertilizers allows you to simplify the care of grapes, to increase the yield and quality of bunches and berries. But how to feed the grapes, depending on the season and period of plant development? About dressings and the secrets of their introduction, will be discussed below in the article.

How to feed grapes in spring?

Grape bushes in spring

Interesting!

It is to organic fertilizers (mullein, bird droppings, humus, wood ash) that grapes react best. But in the absence of organic matter, you can use minerals.

The most important element in the spring for any plant is nitrogen. Therefore, in the spring fertilizer for grapes, there should be an abundance of nitrogen, the rest of the components are secondary, but no less necessary. If you give the culture only nitrogen, it will not be of any use. So, how to feed grapes in spring?

In early spring, after the snow has melted and the young vineyard has begun to grow, chicken droppings should be added under the bushes. Half a bucket of fertilizer (not diluted) is taken on the bush. It is better to pour it into a trench dug in a circle around each bush. Then the trench is poured abundantly with water (5 buckets / bush) and, after soaking up the water, it is covered with earth.

If the vineyard is already “aged” (over 4 years old), it needs more nutrients. Therefore, at the beginning of spring, 0.5 buckets of bird droppings, a bucket of mullein, 1 kg of ash are taken on it. All this is mixed, filled with 4 liters of water and infused for 1 week. After the solution is ready, you need to dilute a liter of infusion in 10-12 liters of water, and water the culture. For each bush, 2 buckets of solution are taken.
You can also use wood ash. It is mixed with water in a 1: 2 ratio and infused for 2-3 days. After that, the infusion is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 3 and the grapes are watered. You need 0.5-1 liter of infusion per bush. It not only nourishes the plant, but also protects it from fungal diseases.
If there is no organic fertilizer, you need to know how to feed the grapes in spring from minerals. On the bush, 30 g of dry potassium mixtures, 40 g of superphosphate and 40 g of nitrogen are taken. The dry mixture is poured into the trenches by the bush and poured with water (1-2 buckets). But if there was a lot of snow and the ground is already wet, then watering is not necessary, you just need to sprinkle fertilizer on top of the ground.
Before the first flowers appear, foliar feeding is recommended. For this, 20 g of superphosphate and 30 g of nitrogen are used per 10 liters of water. Before using the drug, up to 50 g of sugar is added to it so that the substance slowly evaporates from the leaves. Instead of this funds, you can also use the preparations "Florovit", "Biopon", "Master" according to the instructions.
In May, the bushes can be fed with a mixture of 30 g of potassium nitrate, 40 g of nitrogen-containing substances and 50 g of superphosphate. By this time, there should already be quite a lot of leaves, so you should make sure that the plant has enough strength to form flowers, and then berries.
If at the end of spring the first berries (peas) have already appeared, you can feed the grapes with 30 grams of complex mineral fertilizers. This amount is diluted in a bucket of water.

The vineyard is fed in the spring no more than 3 times. The first time is in April, when the shelter is removed, the first swollen buds are shown (the beginning of sap flow). The second time falls in May - 2 weeks before flowering. The third time fertilization is applied, a week before the appearance of the ovaries (grape peas). But, most often this period falls on the summer, and not in the spring.

Summer feeding of grapes

Check out these articles as well

White grapes

In summer, grapes form berries, and early varieties provide the main harvest. This is a busy period for a plant, because each climate has its own summer characteristics - somewhere there is a lot of rain, and somewhere there is drought. In addition, the plant can often be attacked by pests and diseases. How to feed grapes in summer to maintain their strength and increase yields?

For summer grape feeding, several types of feeding can be used. In the first case, 10 g of "Kalimagnesia" and 20 g of ammonium nitrate are taken for 10 liters of water and the bush is watered with this solution.
The second type of feeding involves the use of an infusion of wood ash (the same as described above for spring feeding).
To improve the palatability of grapes, you need to make top dressing a week before the technical ripeness of the bunches. For 20 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium fertilizer, 10 liters of warm water are taken. After the mixture is completely dissolved, it is poured directly under the bush.
For foliar summer feeding of grapes, carried out before the appearance of the ovaries (or after the first peas have formed), 100 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium sulfate and 10 liters of water settled in the sun are taken.

Interesting!

The first 2 years after planting, there is no need to feed the grapes, since well-fertilized soil is used during planting. And after 2-3 years of growth, fertilizing plants become an obligatory part of the care.

In summer, usually 1-2 dressings are carried out. The first is carried out a week before the appearance of the ovaries (grape berries), the second a week before the technical maturity of the bunches.

What is the best way to feed grapes in autumn?

Blue grapes

Autumn is the time of fruiting for most grape varieties. If you do not know how and what to feed the grapes in autumn, you can ruin the entire harvest or even lead the culture to death.

In fact, in the fall, grapes are almost never fertilized, except after harvest, but this will be discussed below. At this time, it actively forms berries, bunches, gains sweets, juice, therefore fertilization (even organic) can lead to spoilage of berries, their taste, appearance, quantity. And it is not always safe to eat grapes that have been fed less than 2 weeks before full ripening.

And yet, experienced gardeners note that once every 3-4 years, grapes need to be fed in the fall. This is done with the aim of enriching the soil with microelements, which the grapes constantly "suck" from it. This can be done either in early autumn (3-4 weeks or more) before the grapes are fully ripe, or after the last harvest has been harvested.

Autumn root dressing can also be used for foliar spraying. But it is advisable to make them of a weaker concentration. In this case, they are absorbed faster and better.

To enrich the land under grapes in the fall, you can use 10 g of potassium salt and 20 g of superphosphate. If desired, you can add a few grams of potassium, iodine, manganese, boric acid, zinc sulfate (optional), if there is a lack of them in the ground. An alternative to this tool can be 25 g of potassium sulfate and 25 g of superphosphate. These quantities are based on one square meter of land. These funds are introduced dry for digging or in a trench dug around the bush.

Fertilizing the vineyard after harvest

Grape harvest

After harvest, the grapes need rest and restoration. How can we support the culture in this crucial period so that it gains strength and prepare for future winter frosts? The main method is timely care and feeding. But how to feed the grapes after harvest and how to do it? The easiest way to reinforce grapes after fruiting is to mulch the soil around them. It is not difficult, it takes a minimum of time, but the benefits are enormous.

Since autumn frosts can be unpredictable, it is not recommended to apply liquid fertilizing from the second month of autumn (so that the roots do not freeze). But it is at this time that the grapes usually give up their last harvest. Mulching is a simple and safe method of fertilizing a vineyard in the fall. The mulch slowly nourishes the roots and at the same time protects them from severe frost. You can use humus, compost or peat as mulch.

Gardening Secrets

Grape gardens

A young gardener needs to know not only how to feed the grapes, but also how to do it correctly. The advice of experienced gardeners will help to achieve a bountiful harvest and rapid crop growth.

In order not to burn the vine or roots, you need to apply root dressing not at the base of the bush, but in the grooves dug out in the form of a ring around the plant with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth of up to 40 cm.
Ash is a universal fertilizer for grapes. It contains 40% calcium, 20% potassium, 10% each magnesium, phosphorus and some other trace elements. But ash is not brought in at a certain period, but several times per season (in spring, summer, autumn). The main thing is that for the whole season no more than a bucket of ash was introduced under each bush.
If the gardener uses both organics and minerals for fertilizing, then it is better to alternate them, and not mix them.
Nitrogen evaporates very quickly, so it cannot be simply scattered dry on the surface of the earth. It is always embedded in the soil or used during watering. Spraying with nitrogen does not give the best result.
Of the minerals for grapes are used: "potassium salt", "nitrophoska", "superphosphate", "ammonium nitrate", "ammophos". Complex substances are also suitable: "Aquarin", "Solution", "Kemira", "Novofert". If there are none, you can use others with a similar composition.

Grapes do not tolerate chlorine very well, so when choosing a fertilizer for a plant, you need to make sure that this component is not present at all or it is contained in minimal quantities.

Closer to autumn, the amount of nitrogen in top dressing should be reduced, otherwise the grapes, even in autumn, instead of resting or fruiting, will start up new pagons and grow actively.
Any foliar dressing of grapes is carried out in dry, calm weather.
Many gardeners argue about when to make the third top dressing for grapes. Some insist that this is done a week before the ovaries appear, others - during the appearance of the peas (berries). But, in fact, the difference is small if fertilizers are applied regularly and in the correct proportions.

It is believed that in order for grapes to grow and bear fruit well, at least 15 elements are needed. Grapes get hydrogen, oxygen and carbon from air and water. And the rest (phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, magnesium, boron, sulfur, zinc, manganese, iron and copper) from the soil in the form of inorganic salts dissolved in groundwater. Did you know that in the case of a lack of a number of trace elements, grape bushes simply begin to draw out substances from the ground that are similar in properties?

In this case, we are often talking about harmful microelements - for example, with a calcium deficiency, the vine takes strontium, and instead of potassium it takes cesium. Many growers are constantly experimenting with the amount and ratio of fertilizers, but experts firmly believe that the soil needs to return as much nutrients as the bush took from the ground. Therefore, they insist on this ratio of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus - 3: 2: 1.

This is the composition that a complex fertilizer should have. Professionals do not advise grossly violating these proportions in one direction or another, since, for example, nitrogen in excess of the norm can even lead to the death of shoots.

According to rough estimates, to obtain one kilogram of grape fruit, the bush needs to be given about 6 grams of nitrogen, 3 times less phosphorus and about 4 grams of potassium. If you are going to apply fertilizers, then you can safely use multicomponent compositions - for example, it is better to feed ammonium nitrate with superphosphate, and phosphorus and nitrogen are effectively used together.

Experts advise adding minerals to a depth of 50 cm - this is the so-called root method. To do this, even when planting bushes, pipes are dug into the ground, which serve as a kind of "channel" for the delivery of the necessary substances. If you have not foreseen the root method, it will be enough to dig holes on both sides of the bush, into which the required dose of fertilizers is placed, and then sprinkle them with earth on top.

Fertilizer application schedule - take note

In general, the schedule for the introduction of mineral and organic substances is as follows:

It is necessary to apply manure in the fall at the rate of 1 time in 3 years;
The first fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers is done after the vine is tied;

Almost every summer cottage has a grape bush, but not all owners of a heat-loving plant can boast of a bountiful harvest. And it would seem that all the conditions have been created, but the ovaries are not formed. The thing is that in the spring rush, gardeners often forget about fertilizing or do not know about this need at all. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the spring feeding of grapes.

Features of spring feeding of grapes, for which it is necessary and when required

For normal development after the end of winter, the grapes need to be fed. Otherwise, the weakened plant will wake up from hibernation for a long time and will not be able to form full-fledged fruits. According to reviews of experienced gardeners, after fertilizing grapes in the spring, the yield of the bush increases by 40-50%.

In addition, correct feeding in spring accelerates the growth of grapes and makes them more resistant to environmental conditions and dangerous diseases.

Note! In the case when a sufficient amount of rotted manure or compost was laid in the pit during planting, grape seedlings do not need additional dressing in the spring for 2 years.

From 3 years of age, plants are fed annually... Moreover, it is necessary to apply fertilizers even to fertile soils, since the vine draws out all useful substances from it during fruiting.

What types of dressings are there, their specificity

All dressings are divided into two types: root and foliar.

Root dressing applied directly to the root of the plant. For the root, one-component and complex mineral fertilizers are used, such as Biopon, Master, Florovit.

The spray solution is prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Fans of natural fertilizers use organic matter for feeding grapes in spring - manure, chicken droppings, compost.

Foliar dressing are spraying the aerial part of the bush with a nutrient solution. Usually,foliar dressing of grapes in spring carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of the root. To prepare foliar top dressing, urea, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and superphosphate are diluted in settled water. Zinc, copper, boron are also added to the tank.

Important! In order for the mixture to evaporate more slowly, and the leaves had time to absorb as much nutrients as possible, 50 g of sugar is added to the solution.

Spraying is best done in the evening in calm dry weather. In order for the plant to absorb as many useful macro and microelements as possible, the bush is sprayed with water every morning. Thanks to irrigation, the dried particles of the solution become liquid again, which allows the leaves to absorb them.

Video: foliar feeding of grapes in spring.

Features of the first feeding (after opening) and the second (in May before flowering)

After winter, a generous first feeding of the grapes in spring is vital, since the plant is weakened, and it needs new strength. The substances will help the plant grow stronger and stimulate it to grow rapidly. The first time fertilization is applied in early spring even before the opening of the bush, immediately after the snow cover melts or after removing the shelter.

And how to feed the grapes in the spring after opening? As a top dressing, multicomponent fertilizers are used, which contain a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. If you do not want to use purchased mixtures, you can fertilize the grapes in the spring after opening with rotted manure and organic solutions.

Video: what onfeed the grapes in the spring after opening.

The purpose of feeding before flowering - enrichment of the soil with substances necessary for abundant flowering and fruit formation. To properly feed the grapes in spring before flowering, unlike the previous ones, fertilizers should not contain nitrogen as it stimulates leaf growth. As a result of improper distribution of nutrients, the plant does not bloom well and forms small ovaries.

Video: how to feed grapes in spring before flowering.

How and what to feed grapes in springto increase the yield

If you know how and what to fertilize grapes in spring, then you can achieve a noticeable increase in yield later. Therefore, there are certain features of the procedure that must be followed.

In order for all the nutrients to reach the roots, a groove is dug around the perimeter of the rhizome with a depth of 40 cm. Depending on the size of the bush, the diameter of the circle is 50-80 cm. In order for all the roots to receive a sufficient amount of nutrients, the mixtures are evenly poured over the ring.

Manure and slurry are spread over the surface of the trunk circle, and then the soil is loosened to a depth of 10-15 cm. At the end of the work, the fertilizer should be underground.

Root dressing

Root dressing is applied 2 times: before removing the winter shelter and before flowering.

How to feed grapes under the root in spring after opening? Immediately after opening the grapes, the following dressing is performed:

simple mineral fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium salt);

or complex mineral fertilizer ( multicomponent mixtures such as Kemira, Solvent, Florovit, Novofert).

For the first feeding 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 5 g of potassium salt are introduced under the bush. Thanks to this composition of the mixture, the plant will recover faster during the winter and will grow.

Before flowering the soil is fertilized with mineral or organic fertilizers with the addition of 5 g of boric acid, which stimulates flowering. Such mixtures can be replaced with a solution of nitrophoska (60-70 g of the substance is diluted in 10 liters of water).

Important!The culture does not react well to chlorine. Therefore, you can use special fertilizers for a given crop or mixture that does not contain chlorine.

Organic

Due to its rich composition, organic matter is the best fertilizer for spring feeding of grapes. The manure contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as a number of other essential elements for normal development and abundant fruiting. In addition, organic matter improves aeration and water permeability. Immediately after opening, rotted manure is introduced under the vine, and then the soil is dug to a depth of 25-30 cm.

If the dry matter takes some time to decompose, then the substances contained in the slurry are immediately absorbed by the roots. To prepare fertilizer, manure is poured into the barrel and water is poured based on a ratio of 1: 2. After 10 days, the mixture is diluted 1: 6 with water. To feed an adult bush, you need 10 liters of slurry.

Video: fertilizing grapes in the spring for a big harvest.

Without damage to the plant, instead of manure, you can use fertilizer for feeding grapes in spring based on chicken manure:

First recipe. 1 liter of organic matter is diluted with 4 liters of water and left to ferment for 10-14 days. After the time has elapsed, the volume of water in the container is brought to 10 liters. To fertilize one adult bush of grapes, it is enough to add 0.5-1 liters of the mixture. Due to the high content of urea, it is impossible to increase the concentration of the solution: you can burn the roots of the plant.
Second recipe. Chicken droppings are poured with water and soaked. The dirty water is replaced with clean water every 2 days. To reduce the concentration of urea and acid in organic matter, you need to carry out 2-3 soaks. In order to avoid damage to the roots of the plant, it is not recommended to water at the root.

Another effective fertilizer that can be applied for feeding grapes in spring is compost... To prepare a useful mixture, grass, organic household waste, manure and earth are piled up in thin layers. A hill that has reached a height of 2 m is covered from the outside with a layer of earth. Due to the high temperature inside the bookmark, the components folded in the fall are completely recycled by the spring.

Regardless of the type of fertilizer chosen, after the procedure, the plant must be watered abundantly. Therefore, it is better to apply nutrients after heavy rain (no need for watering) or in dry weather.

Urea

In cases where the use of manure is impossible, fertilizer for grapes can be fully replaced with a mixture based on urea. To prepare top dressing, 40 g of superphosphate and potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 80 g of urea are added to a bucket of water.

Fertilizers for grapes based on urea enrich the soil with the nitrogen necessary for growth. Ammonium formed during hydrolysis not only improves plant development, but also regulates the absorption of phosphorus and potassium. Due to the fact that the roots absorb carbamide slowly, the berries contain a minimum amount of nitrates.

Worth knowing!Urea contributes to an increase in soil pH, so it is better not to use the substance for spring feeding of grapes growing in an alkaline and acidic environment.

Foliar dressing

Foliar dressing of grapes in spring takes place in two stages:

1) First feeding.

To process one adult bush for 10 liters of water, add 5 g of boric acid. The plant is sprayed 72 hours before flowering.

Important! An excess of boron is dangerous for the plant. Therefore, the recommended dose cannot be increased.

2) Second feeding.

Phosphorus-containing fertilizers, which lack nitrogen, are used as a nutrient mixture. To improve pollination, 3 days after the beginning of flowering, they are sprayed with special preparations: potassium humate, humisol, grapes reaction.

For spraying grapes during the flowering period in spring, you can use a superphosphate-based fertilizer. The tool is prepared like this:

50 g of superphosphate is poured into a bucket of settled water and insisted for a day.
Over time, the water is drained, and 5 manganese sulfate and ferrous iron, 2 g of boric acid, 1 g of zinc sulfate are added to the sediment that remains.

Among the folk remedies that can be used to make foliar dressing of grapes in spring, a good effect is shown by fertilizer from cut grass, which is prepared as follows:

Freshly cut grass is placed in a barrel halfway down and the container is filled to the top with water. Leave to ferment for 10-14 days.
After the specified period of time, 1 liter of infusion and 0.5 liters of ash extract are added to a bucket of water.

Wood ash or sunflower ash, which contains many useful macro- and microelements, can be used as an excellent fertilizer for grapes as a solution. To prepare a solution for irrigation, 300-500 g of powder is diluted in 10 liters of water. For the purpose of feeding, the blossoming grapes are sprinkled with powder using a sieve.

Worth knowing! During the preparation of solutions and feeding, in order to avoid contact with the skin and mucous membranes of concentrated liquids, gloves and a mask should be used.

Video: fertilizing grapes with wood ash.

Popular bugs

Due to ignorance of the peculiarities of the culture and the general technology of applying spring dressing, gardeners often make mistakes.

Here are the most popular ones:

Fertilizers are spread over the soil surface. As a result, nitrogen evaporates, and phosphorus and potassium cannot penetrate into the deep layers of the soil.
In the hope of accelerating the growth of the bush and the timing of harvesting, an excessive amount of fertilizer is applied to the plant. An overfed plant, due to a decrease in immunity, often gets sick, as a result of which the harvest is greatly delayed.
Only young grapes are fed in the spring. If during planting the pit was filled with nutrients, it makes no sense to feed the plants until they reach 2 years of age. In order for adult grape vines to bear fruit abundantly, they need to be generously fertilized in spring, since a powerful rhizome is not able to get all the necessary elements.

When fertilizing grapes in the spring, you should heed the advice of experienced growers and investigate possible mistakes.

Top dressing of grapes in spring is an important manipulation and an element of care, which improves the general condition of the plant, increases immunity and significantly increases the yield. In order for the manipulation to bring an exceptionally positive effect, you need to feed the plant with the recommended fertilizers on time.

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Top dressing of grapes after flowering helps to increase yields

Grapes (Latin Vitis) are a representative of the Vinogradov family. The plant is susceptible to many factors and requires careful maintenance to obtain good yields. An important part of grape agricultural technology is the application of fertilizers in each of the periods of growth and development of the shrub.

Why do you need to feed grapes

Throughout the entire period of its life, the plant needs a certain set of fertilizers and dressings. During the first 2-3 years of the life of the bush, the reserves of nutrients from the soil dry up, and they must be constantly replenished.

The set of minerals for plant nutrition depends on:

the size and age of the bush;
varieties;
climate;
seasons.

The most crucial stage in grape growing is the formation of the harvest. It is before and after flowering that regular root and foliar dressing should be carried out.

Root feeding of grapes in 4 stages

The main root dressing of grapes is carried out four times per season:

before flowering;
after flowering;
before harvesting;
after harvesting berries.

In each of these periods, plants need a radically different set of trace elements.

Top dressing before flowering

First step. 7-10 days before flowering (beginning - mid-May, depending on the variety and climate), the bushes must be well fertilized with nitrogen and ammonia:

8 gr. potassium magnesia;
15 gr. ammonium nitrate.

The components are diluted in a bucket of water, and this volume is used per 1 sq. m of irrigation area.

Chemical feeding can be replaced with natural:

2 kg of rotted manure;
10 liters of liquid.

All volumes are calculated for 1 sq. m watering. Manure can be replaced with chicken droppings: 50 gr. raw materials on a bucket of water. The litter must be fermented for at least 2 weeks before use. You can add 5 grams to the solution. boric acid.

Many novice winegrowers are interested in the question: how to feed the grapes during flowering? During this crucial period, it is recommended to refuse any manipulations. During flowering, the bushes cannot be treated for diseases and pests, and you should also not water and carry out any feeding. This is due to the respiratory function of the roots. The soil should be dry and oxygen easily permeable.

Don't feed blooming grapes!

During the flowering period of grapes, it is very important that the roots receive a sufficient amount of air. This will allow them to absorb all the minerals they need from the soil. Before flowering, abundant watering and good feeding are carried out so that the soil is not excessively wet before the first flowers appear, but retains all the nutrients.

How to feed grapes after flowering

Second phase. 10-15 days after flowering (mid - late July), before the start of fruit formation, the bushes are fed with the same preparations as for the first time. This is necessary to form the mass of berries. This procedure is repeated after a week.

Stage three. 2 weeks before the harvest ripens, the bushes are fertilized with superphosphate and potassium salts: 20 grams each. each substance in a bucket of water. This will make the berries appear larger and more sweet. Nitrogen preparations should be avoided now. After a week, it is recommended to supplement the feeding with organic matter. It is better to use a non-concentrated manure solution: 1 kg per 10 liters of liquid.

Fourth stage. When the bunches have already been removed, the bush should be prepared for rest. To do this, use a tablespoon of potassium magnesium per 10 liters of liquid. Potash fertilizers will enhance the protective functions of plants and increase winter hardiness.

To carry out root dressing, small grooves should be dug around each bush, 0.2-0.3 m deep, into which fertilizers are applied. The distance from the stem should be 0.5 m. Thus, the roots of the plant absorb substances more efficiently than when applied under the stem. Root dressing should be combined with watering.

Foliar dressing of grapes before and after flowering

Along with soil dressings, foliar can also be carried out. This feeding of plants has undoubted advantages:

nutrients are absorbed through the leaves in a matter of minutes, and the plants get the maximum effect from feeding;
there is no reaction with the soil, as a result of which some components may be replaced by others;
the absorption of substances through the leaves is several times more effective than through the soil;
the positive effect is achieved as soon as possible after treatment.

The main condition for foliar dressing of grapes is clear weather. It is worth choosing a sunny day and an afternoon, when the sun's rays are no longer so active.

First foliar dressing

It is carried out several days before the flowering of the grapes. 5 g of boric acid should be dissolved in 10 l of water and sprayed on the plants. The procedure can be combined with fungicide treatment. Also, for fertilization during this period, nitrogen fertilization is additionally used according to the instructions.

Second processing of grapes

Plants need phosphorus 7 days after flowering. The treatment should be repeated after 2 weeks. Phosphorus fertilizers will help bushes to form clusters and build up vegetative mass.

Fertilizing before harvest

For the last, feeding top dressing, superphosphate fertilizers and potassium are used. These ingredients will prepare the vine for dormancy.

How to determine what grapes are missing

A laboratory analysis of the soil will help determine exactly what the plant needs. But if this is not possible, you can get the right answers by evaluating the appearance of the bush.

lack of nitrogen: shrinking of the lower leaves, pale green tint;
boron deficiency: shedding color, shrinking berries, marble pattern on the leaves;
there is not enough potassium: the edges of the leaves become brown, necrosis begins;
lack of iron: yellowing of leaves, chlorosis;
magnesium deficiency: pallor of the leaf plates;
lack of phosphorus: leaf petioles and veins turn red;
zinc deficiency: leaf asymmetry.

If problems with the plant, or a disease caused by a lack of substances, are identified, fertilizing is applied in excess of the specified rates, but within the recommendations given by the manufacturer.

Outcome

If you follow all the instructions for feeding grapes, you can count on a plentiful and high-quality harvest of berries. These fertilization recommendations are aimed not only at increasing the productivity of the bush, but will also help plants to endure the winter easier.