Fan between bathroom and toilet. Forced ventilation in the bathroom - types and installation

The bathroom and toilet are rooms in the process of arranging which, first of all, you need to think about organizing intensive air exchange. This is due to the specifics of the operation of hygienic premises. Polluted and waterlogged air should be freely removed, and a fresh portion should be supplied to replace it.

We will tell you how ventilation should be arranged in the bathroom and toilet according to building codes and regulations. In the article presented by us, options for organizing ventilation that have been proven in practice are analyzed in detail. Independent home masters will find detailed installation manuals with us.

The opinion that the absence of a ventilation shaft in the bathroom and toilet will only lead to fogging of the mirrors is fundamentally wrong. The main problem is the appearance of fungus (most often it can be seen on the seams between the tiles) and rust on the surface of appliances and furniture.

Often, it is precisely because of an improperly designed ventilation system that corrosion affects the working parts of the washing machine, which is the reason for its breakdown. The list of problems that the lack of intensive air exchange leads to does not end there. As a result, poor ventilation will have a detrimental effect on the health of residents.

Sanitary requirements and norms

There are special rules that must be followed when organizing forced air exchange in rooms with high humidity levels. At a minimum, it is necessary to provide an influx of fresh air in the amount of 6-7 m 3 / hour for each cubic meter of the bathroom and about 8-10 m 3 / hour for a toilet or a combined bathroom.

The difference between natural ventilation and forced ventilation

There is natural and forced ventilation. In the first case, air exchange is provided by the circulation of air masses through door and window openings. About a century ago, natural ventilation was considered the most efficient way.

Today, it is unable to provide a sufficient level of air exchange, therefore it is used only for inflow. To fully ventilate the room, choose the option with coercion. After all, no one wants to open the window for a long time in winter and let out heat.

The organization of forced ventilation involves the installation of an exhaust fan. Thanks to this, you can save precious heat, remove excess moisture and fill the room with fresh and clean air in a matter of minutes.

The main reason why it is worth installing forced ventilation is precisely sized doorways and the tightness of modern double-glazed windows. Such perfectionism, keeping warm, makes it impossible for any natural air exchange.

Calculation of optimal performance

Before going to the store and buying equipment for installing forced ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, you need to make some calculations. To select the equipment that is optimal in terms of performance, you need to know the exact volume and type of room.

Each room has its own air exchange rate. This characteristic shows how many times the air in the room should be completely updated per unit of time (usually one hour is taken). Since the bathroom and toilet are considered one of the wettest places in any apartment or house, a maximum air exchange rate of 10 is recommended.

If the fan cannot be placed in an optimal place for organizing intensive air exchange, then its power must be multiplied by 2-3 times

And also should immediately provide holes for air flow. To do this, you can leave a gap of up to 2 cm between the floor and the door, install special gratings at the bottom of the doors to the bathroom and toilet, or drill holes yourself. But the last option does not look the most attractive way.

Exhaust fan classification

When planning the arrangement of the ventilation system, special attention should be paid to the principle of its operation and individual components. After all, the performance, the noise level of the equipment, the cost of installation and durability depend on it.

For forced evacuation of exhaust air from the room, three types of fans are used:

• diametric;
• axial;
• radial.

The first type of devices is designed to work in heat guns and air conditioning systems. Therefore, it is not suitable for organizing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. It remains to choose from two other types.

The main difference between axial models and radial ones is their low cost and high power. But at the same time, the device will make quite a lot of noise. An axial fan is an impeller to which the blades are attached. The system is driven by an electric motor.

As for radial units, their functioning is based on the action of centrifugal force. Due to the rotation of the impeller, together with the blades, the movement of air masses is carried out.

At the same time, the inclination of the blades can be changed, thereby reducing the amount of energy consumed by the device and the level of noise emitted by it. The article recommended by us will acquaint you with popular models intended for installation in bathrooms.

To prevent the air from the ventilation shaft from returning back into the room, it is recommended to buy devices with a check valve. Such devices are indispensable in modern apartments.

The main criteria for choosing equipment

Manufacturers offer just a huge range. Therefore, it is not surprising that every unprepared buyer falls into a stupor and does not even suspect that it is better for him to order.

When buying an exhaust device for a bathroom and toilet, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Duct diameter. Depending on this characteristic, the fan nozzle is selected. As a rule, standard models have a diameter of 150, 125 or 100 mm.
2. Presence/absence of air ducts, as well as their location in the room. These criteria affect where the fan will be installed.
3. Power. The characteristic is important when choosing, so that in the future the exhaust equipment can cope with the functions assigned to it.
4. Moisture protection available. This indicator is marked in Latin letters IP. The minimum required value for a plumbing unit is IP30, but it is better to invest a little and order a device with IP44. In the latter case, it will be located in a special sealed casing, protected from moisture and splashes.
5. Noise level. Few people pay due attention to this important characteristic, but in vain. After all, a silent exhaust system will make being in the bathroom and toilet more comfortable.

Given these subtleties, you can choose a model that will be inexpensive and satisfy all wishes.

Typically, the fan package includes the device itself and four dowels that will be needed for its installation. In most cases, a cardboard box is used to pack the device.

Additional equipment features

An excellent solution would be to order a fan with additional features. Most often, buyers prefer models with a built-in timer.

In this case, the user can leave the factory settings or program the operation of the device on his own, changing the operating time, switching on delay, etc. Thanks to this, it is possible to automate the process of ventilation of the toilet and bathroom.

Devices with a built-in timer are quite expensive. Therefore, their choice should be treated with all responsibility. Maico's products are the best. This manufacturer offers a number of models that are equipped not only with a timer, but also with other additional features.

To save energy, fans will help you switch the base load. That is, the unit can operate in two modes: half of its power and at full capacity, when you need to update the air in the room in the shortest possible time. Thanks to this function, the noise of the ventilation system is significantly reduced and energy is saved.

A good solution would be to buy a device with a clock or backlight. These additional features will make showering or bathing more convenient and comfortable.

Any specialist will prefer a device with a built-in humidity sensor. Its peculiarity is that it turns on only at the signal of the built-in hygrometer. Thanks to this function, electricity is saved and there is no need to output a separate electrical outlet for the fan or connect the device to a light switch.

Components and materials of the system

To date, ventilation is assembled from a round or rectangular section. As a rule, they are made of metal or plastic. These elements are mounted behind a false ceiling.

If we are talking about bathrooms and a toilet in a small apartment, then in such housing the ventilation duct is a hole in the wall where a fan is inserted. In this case, there is no point and need to design a complex, branched system.

As for private houses, ventilation for them is constructed from the following elements:

• air ducts. It is much more convenient to install rectangular ducts. They are compactly placed under the ceiling and do not take up extra space. These are pipes, the length of which can be 2, 1 and 0.5 m.
• fan. An overhead or built-in device is used. The latter variety is best used in branched and complex systems. Overhead models are recommended for ventilation of one room.
• Swivel elbows. In the case of rectangular pipes, swivel elbows can be vertical and horizontal.
• Couplings. These elements are used to connect straight sections of the ventilation system.
• check valves. They are designed to prevent air and insects from entering the mine.

During installation, you will also need fasteners. It is much more convenient to use ready-made elements. They will greatly simplify the installation process and speed up the work.

But if you need to save money, then the fastening elements can be made independently.

In the event of a design error or insufficiently efficient operation of the ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet of a private house, the problem can be eliminated by installing it into the wall. Features of the choice of the specified device and installation rules are given in the article, the contents of which we advise you to read.

Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

Before starting installation work, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. First of all, you need to compare the diameter of the exhaust device with the size of the shaft.

If the vent turned out to be large, then a plastic pipe or corrugation is inserted into it. In this case, the voids should be sealed with mounting foam. If the entrance to the ventilation shaft is smaller, then it can be expanded with a perforator.

Determination of the place for installation

For forced ventilation to be as effective as possible, it is not enough just to purchase powerful equipment. It is equally important to choose the right place for installation.

Since it is designed to remove hot, moist air, the best solution would be to install it in the upper part of the wall, which is located opposite the door.

It is also important to organize the flow into the room - you have to build a special grate into the lower part of the door or leave the usual slot under the door (a more economical way). Such options will allow fresh air to flow from the living room to the bathroom.

Diagnosis of the state of the ventilation duct

If you are thinking about remodeling a bathroom or toilet, then before starting any work, you should carry out the methods available to the owners.

First of all, the thrust is checked, for which a sheet of plain paper, a lit match or a lighter is leaned against the shaft. If the paper sticks to the ventilation grate, and the flame tilts towards the channel, then this is a good sign.

To improve draft, it is recommended to check if the ventilation duct is clogged with debris left after inept repairs or for any other reason. After cleaning, check the draft with the door open and closed

Choice of device connection scheme

If we consider a standard apartment in a new building, then in the vast majority of cases, natural ventilation is not enough to remove all excess moisture from the bathroom. The only exception is a private house, in the toilet of which there is a window.

But when arranging forced ventilation, the question is of interest: how long should the exhaust device work? Often apartment owners. This means that the device will be able to work exactly as long as the person will be in the bathroom. This may not be enough.

The second method is based on connecting the fan to a separate switch. But in this case, the user will forget to turn on / off the device. Therefore, a suitable solution would be to install a fan with a humidity sensor. Such devices work autonomously and without human intervention remove excess moisture from the bathroom.

Due to the convenience and energy savings, the most popular method is when the fan is connected to a light switch. But this method is not very efficient.

Fan installation subtleties

Before proceeding with the arrangement of the ventilation system, it is imperative that you read the instructions that come with the devices. In the vast majority of cases, the entire installation process is described in detail in the insert. This will greatly simplify and speed up the work.

The most time-consuming stage is the installation and connection of the fan.

1. Remove front cover.
2. In those areas where the fan is adjacent to the wall, it is necessary to apply polymer glue, silicone or liquid nails. All of the above methods of fastening are perfect, since exhaust devices are most often made of plastic and, accordingly, are light in weight. Therefore, liquid nails will be enough.
3. Insert the fan in such a way that its working part (electric motor and wheel with blades) are completely “drowned” in the wall.
4. Press the body of the unit firmly so that the adhesive has time to grab.
5. Install a mosquito net. This element will protect against the penetration of a variety of insects and debris from the ventilation duct into the room.
6. Fasten the front cover with the screws or dowels that come with the kit.

The final stage is the laying of the cable and the connection of the ventilation system to the electrical network.

The whole installation process is quite simple, but if there are any problems or difficulties, it is better to entrust this work to professionals.

Forced ventilation significantly increases the amount of air removed from the room. But since the front cover covers a large part of the channel, when the device is turned off, the flow rate decreases several times. Because of this, its performance drops significantly.

The above problem is solved by installing an air intake grille. This will help restore normal performance. The second way is to leave a small gap (1-3 cm) between the front cover and the wall. Air will be sucked into the resulting gap and ventilation will work normally.

When connecting the ventilation system to the electrical network, safety rules must be observed. First of all, you need to make sure that the wires are de-energized. In addition, for their connection it is better to use not "twisting", but terminal blocks

Common installation errors

If an inexperienced master is engaged in the arrangement of the ventilation system, then situations often arise when, after the end of work, its performance does not satisfy the wishes of the residents or it is not efficient.

The reason for this lies in the assumption of errors during installation. To avoid the appearance of elementary problems, you need to know some of the nuances.

The most common errors in the installation of the ventilation system:

• the channel is designed incorrectly, which greatly complicates the movement of air;
• fans are very noisy during operation;
• the tightness of the shaft connection is broken;
• the ventilation system passes through the dwelling and its noise interferes with the normal life of the family.

If the design was done incorrectly, then the problems listed above will certainly appear. At the same time, it is often necessary to completely redo the ventilation system to correct them.

In some cases, a strong hum when the fan is running is a clear sign of incorrect installation and an error called “alignment”. This problem is solved by dismantling the device and re-installing it, but with strict adherence to technology

You can go the easy way. For example, noise absorbers are recommended to reduce noise. As for increasing the ventilation performance, for this you will have to install a new, more powerful exhaust device and check the quality of the air supply to the bathroom and toilet.

For people who are faced with the organization of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet for the first time, it will be useful to read the tips from experienced craftsmen. First of all, they recommend ensuring a normal flow of fresh air into the room. Indeed, otherwise the operation of the exhaust fan will be meaningless.

It is not necessary to buy expensive and bulky systems. Spending fabulous sums is not always the best solution. It is enough to correctly and correctly select the devices, then even cheap models will perfectly cope with the ventilation of the room.

When choosing a fan, in no case should you save on quality. After all, the health of each family member, as well as the life of the device, depends on it. It is better to spend money once, but order a device that will serve faithfully for decades.

If the house has an air conditioner, an ionizer, a cleaner, and similar devices, then it is still necessary to install ventilation. After all, none of the devices listed above provides an influx of fresh air into the living quarters.

Rules for operating the exhaust system

In order for the equipment to serve as long as possible, it is necessary to regularly carry out preventive maintenance. After all, dust and dirt accumulate on the fan blades over time. This does not allow the device to work at the maximum of its capabilities and provide decent air exchange. Moreover, if the cleaning is not carried out in a timely manner, the device may fail.

Installing a forced ventilation system allows you to solve the problem of airing rooms that is relevant for modern houses and apartments. Windows are rarely installed in bathrooms and toilets, so the only correct and reasonable solution would be to provide intensive air exchange artificially, by installing a fan in the system.

A bathroom is a place where water flows every now and then, a bathtub fills up, a hot shower soars, wet laundry dries. Therefore, ventilation here should work not only no worse, but even better than in any other room. Otherwise, the whole house will “suffer”.

Here are 10 facts about bathroom ventilation:

Fact 1: Mold, tile decay and rust are often the result of poor ventilation.

The bathroom is the most damp and humid, so it is necessary that the ventilation here works properly. Otherwise, avoid:

Musty air, unpleasant odors, condensation and, as a result, the occurrence of fungus, mold (unsafe for human health),
- the appearance of rust on metal surfaces,
- destruction of finishing materials (including darkening and cracking of inter-tile grout, and then chipping off of the tile itself),
- "swelling" of furniture coverings (even from moisture resistant materials).

If you notice mold, do not rush to buy dehumidifiers or special anti-fungal coatings. First, check the ventilation!

Fact 2. You can't block the vent in the bathroom!

This is common knowledge and undeniable. Complete overlap of the exhaust ducts is justified only if forced supply and exhaust ventilation is installed in the house or apartment.

Fact 3. Condensation on mirrors and walls is the first sign of poor ventilation.

If, after water procedures, the mirrors in the bathroom “fog”, and droplets of moisture remain on the walls for a long time, this is the first sign that there are problems with the exhaust or inflow.

Do you open the doors and the condensation quickly disappears? So the duct is working properly. Widen the gap between the door leaf and the floor, order special doors with ventilation holes, or just leave the bathroom entrance open more often to ensure air flow.

Humidity persists even with the doors wide open? Natural ventilation must be checked.

Fact 4. You can find out if the hood works by experimenting with a napkin. At the same time, checking natural ventilation in the summer is pointless.

There is a common way to check ventilation. We open the door to the bathroom and bring a napkin to the ventilation grill. If it is attracted, the ventilation works. If not, open all windows and doors and try again. Is the napkin drawn in? So the problem is with insufficient inflow (for sure, you have sealed plastic windows installed).

Does the napkin fall even with the windows open? Extraction problems. Perhaps the mine is clogged, it is worth contacting the management company.

Fact 5. The cause of poor draft can be exhaust devices installed on the lower floors.

Another reason that the air is not drawn out of the apartment may be fans or exhaust devices installed at the neighbors below. The fast flow in the ventilation shaft, created by forced devices, prevents natural ventilation from other apartments.

In addition, on the upper floors, due to the pressure difference, ventilation works worse without any interference than on the lower ones.

In this case, the exhaust fan is able to adjust the hood. But under one condition, which is described below.

Fact 6. Neither an exhaust duct nor a fan will provide full ventilation without an inflow.

For intensive air exchange, a balanced amount of both supply air and exhaust air is required. Therefore, we conduct the experiment with a napkin with open doors and windows!

The reason for insufficient inflow is often plastic double-glazed windows, sealed front doors, and insulated walls. They block the flow of fresh air. And the exhaust moist air from the bathroom is not drawn out, even with a working hood or when an exhaust fan is installed.

In order to establish the work of natural ventilation or to help forced ventilation, it is necessary to install in the living rooms supply devices .

Fact 7. A warm floor without ventilation will not get rid of the fungus in the bathroom.

Sometimes, in order to get rid of high humidity and mold in the bathroom, the owners install underfloor heating and change heated towel rails.

This can speed up the process of drying moisture and renewing air masses in the cold season. However, it will not help to completely get rid of the fungus in case of problems with ventilation.

Productivity is calculated according to the following formula: the volume of the room (length, width and height), multiplied by the air exchange rate (for a bathroom from about 4 to 8). For example, for a bathroom with an area of ​​​​2x2.5 m and a ceiling height of 2.7 m, the volume of the room is 13.5 cubic meters. We multiply by 4 and by 8. Find out the minimum and maximum power of the exhaust fan (54-108 cubic meters / h).

At the same time, according to SNIP, air exchange in the bathroom or toilet should be at least 25 m3 / h, in a combined bathroom - up to 50 m3 / h.

Fact 9. When installing an exhaust fan, it is necessary to place it as far as possible from the entrance and above.

It is better to install a fan (or diffusers of general ventilation) before finishing work,
to hide the wiring. Place - as high as possible, under the ceiling (or on the ceiling), ideally - on the opposite wall from the entrance, so that the supply air has time to pass through the entire room before entering the exhaust hood.

Fact 10. A non-return valve without proper ventilation can exacerbate the situation.

The non-return valve is installed in the ventilation duct, prevents the appearance of reverse draft (air movement from the street into the room), the ingress of odors, pollution, cold. But its installation is justified only if there is a working hood and an established inflow. Otherwise, the check valve will simply block the channel (the cross section will become even smaller, the air will not be able to be drawn out)!

So, in order to establish ventilation in the bathroom, you must:

- arrange flow
- adjust the hood,
- and ensure the free movement of air between rooms.

All this can be done either on your own (using appropriate ventilation equipment), or by ordering work from specialists.

Do you have any questions? Call. Our company performs ventilation design, supply of devices and components, installation. We work in Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk. We provide warranties for both labor and equipment.

We are used to monitoring the quality of the food we eat and the water we drink. However, few people pay enough attention to the air we breathe. Meanwhile, clean air is as important for our body as water and food. With the constantly deteriorating ecology and the widespread gas contamination of large cities, banal ventilation of the premises will not work. In such conditions, the best way out will be the installation of ventilation.

Air purity and the absence of harmful impurities in it are needed to prevent headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, and also to prevent allergic reactions.

The need for ventilation in the bathroom

In the bathroom, ventilation is just as important as in other rooms, and perhaps even more so. The fact is that steam and moist air constantly accumulate in the bathroom, and it is the humidity that most contributes to the appearance of mold.

Mold can settle in the lungs and lead to serious respiratory diseases, causing asthma, allergies, etc. It is harmful not only to the human body, but also gradually destroys all objects and materials, but which is formed, up to concrete. Therefore, the installation of a normally functioning ventilation system is not a whim, but a necessity.

Requirements and norms

All requirements and norms for ventilation of premises are prescribed in the section "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" SNiP 41-01-2003.

According to this document, artificial ventilation is required in the premises if, due to polluted air or natural conditions, the required sanitary standards are not observed due to the lack of natural ventilation or if simple ventilation is not enough.

The permissible level of dust and harmful substances in the air is prescribed in the sanitary and epidemiological rules. Thus, with regard to carbon dioxide, the maximum allowable amount of carbon dioxide in rural areas is 650 mg/m3, in small towns - 800 mg/m3, and in large cities - 1,000 mg/m3. At the same time, the rate of air exchange per person is 28 m3/h. Excess carbon dioxide can cause shortness of breath, dry cough, runny nose and other negative effects on the body.

Types of ventilation systems

Most often, types of ventilation are distinguished depending on its purpose. So, allocate:

• exhaust ventilation, which removes the exhaust air through the exhaust ducts. Such ventilation is convenient to use when it is possible to combine natural and mechanical ventilation.
• Forced ventilation, which, due to the intake of fresh air, creates additional pressure, displacing the exhaust air.
• Mixed ventilation which combines both principles of operation.

In addition, there is ventilation often divided into natural and forced.

• natural ventilation- the ventilation that is initially designed and installed during the construction of the premises. The most typical ventilation scheme for a bathroom and toilet in apartments and residential buildings is such a scheme in which the bath is connected to the toilet using a ventilation window, and air is already removed from the toilet to the common ventilation duct of the house.
• Forced ventilation- this is ventilation that is installed by the owner of the home at will and which involves the use of an extractor fan or a fan.

Health check

Checking the correct operation of your ventilation system is much easier than you think. You won't need any additional tools. Just light and hold a burning match or a small piece of paper to the ventilation grill. If the flame fluctuates, the ventilation works.

Another way to check the operation of ventilation is that you will need to arrange a draft in the room by slightly opening the window and door in the bathroom, and attach a piece of thin paper or, for example, a napkin to the ventilation grill. The napkin must also either stick to the grate if the ventilation is normally drawing in air, or it must be blown off the grate by the air flow coming from the ventilation duct. If the napkin just falls down - it's time to change the ventilation.

Try to solve the problem of poor ventilation by widening the gap between the door and the floor. This will create the necessary thrust for the normal operation of ventilation. You can also try mounting an additional ventilation grille in the door or wall.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet

In private residential buildings, separate ventilation ducts are usually designed for each room separately: for the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. With the help of the hood, the exhaust air is discharged through such channels to the roof.

In apartment buildings, a typical ventilation system is usually used, in which all ventilation ducts are combined into one common duct that goes to the roof. Ventilation is based on traction arising from temperature differences.

In the case of forced ventilation, special ventilation systems are installed with sensitive elements that open and close the dampers as needed.

Causes of poor performance of the ventilation system

There may be several reasons why your ventilation system may not work properly:

• Errors in planning the ventilation system of the entire building: both during calculations and directly during installation.
• Accumulation of various debris in the ventilation ducts.
• Damage to the ventilation system of neighboring apartments, for example, during repairs, which caused a violation of the movement of air flows in the ventilation.

Before installing a new ventilation, try to deal with the old one. Perhaps your problem can be solved by simply cleaning the air duct.

Fan Requirements

As a rule, when installing a fan, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters:

• Low noise level when the fan is running (no more than 30 dB);
• Sufficient distance from electric heaters;
• High-quality insulation of electrical wires in conditions of high humidity;
• The power of the fan used must be selected taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the number of people living in the apartment;
• A complete change of air in the room should occur at least five times per hour.

Types of fans

Main types of fans:

• connected to the switch and work when the light is on in the bathroom or toilet;
• equipped with special sensors, and turn on automatically when the permissible level of humidity in the room is exceeded;
• equipped with a timer, in which you can independently set the time of its operation.

In addition, fans differ in design features:

1. Axial is the simplest model. They are also called propellers.
2. Radial- provide high pressure in the room. They can have straight, backward, curved backward and curved forward blades.
3. Diagonal– mixture of axial and radial fans.
4. diametral fans can work with large volumes of air due to the fact that air flows pass around the entire perimeter of the impeller.

Determine the location where your fan will be placed. The best location for the fan is the wall opposite the door.

Mount the fan in the opening of the ventilation duct, widening the opening to the required diameter if necessary.

Carefully route the electrical wires from the fan so that they are minimally exposed to moisture and not visible.

Connect the fan to the switch.

Fix the fan itself and its grill either with liquid nails or self-tapping screws.

To reduce the noise produced by a running fan, place an additional layer of sealant between the fan and the wall when mounting the fan.

Ventilation options: through the bathroom to the toilet or through the toilet to the bathroom

As a rule, the air vent is located in the toilet. There are two ways to organize ventilation between the toilet and the bathroom: either lay a separate ventilation pipe from the bathroom to the air vent in the ceiling space, for example, or install two separate fans: one in the wall between the bathroom and the toilet, and the other in the toilet, to the air vent .

The bathroom is a high humidity area, and the bathroom often has condensation due to the high temperature of the water during bathing. In order to keep dry walls, floor and ceiling in the room, it is important to ventilate the room well, otherwise mold will begin to develop, and being in the bathroom will be not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. By properly equipping the ventilation system, you can save yourself from the unpleasant consequences of its absence.

Peculiarities

Any room in an apartment or house should not only be habitable, but also be used with comfort. So, if there are no windows in the living room, then the air there will be stale and stale, which will contribute to the development of pathogens, and the person who lives there will constantly get sick.

It is equally important to make sure that the stay in the toilet and shower is just as comfortable. The bathroom can be both combined and separate, which, in turn, implies a different ventilation device. The hood for the bathroom and toilet must effectively cope with its task, providing intensive air exchange and a constant temperature in the room. Ventilation is especially important in environments with high levels of humidity, because constant contact with water spoils any coating of walls, floors or ceilings and causes the appearance of unwanted microorganisms on it, which adversely affect human health.

In the toilet, an exhaust hood is needed to effectively remove unpleasant odors, which is very important for this room, especially in an apartment. Whatever room we are talking about, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for the existence of a person of any age.

You can take care of the ventilation system yourself or with the help of professionals.

Kinds

Based on the various configurations of the premises in an apartment or house, their dimensions, there are several options for ventilation that can be installed in them. The simplest will be natural ventilation, which is laid during the construction of housing, but if desired, it can be done or upgraded later. Such a system helps to promote air masses, effectively updating them indoors, without requiring the installation of any electrical equipment.

The principle of its operation is that air ducts leading to the roof are installed on top of the room., the hot air in the room rises and enters these hidden paths due to the temperature difference. This principle is called convection and works quite effectively if the temperature is different in the room and on the street.

When creating such an extract, it is necessary to provide for some nuances.

• The air duct must be placed vertically. Each room in the room should have its own shaft.
• If the premises are located nearby and have similar specifics in the form of high humidity, a large temperature difference and a strong smell, then they can be combined with one ventilation shaft.
• The natural type of ventilation at a neutral temperature has a small draft, therefore it is desirable to make air ducts with smooth walls.
• Being engaged in the installation of ventilation on your own, it is better to make sure that there are no sharp corners that impede the passage of air and its removal to the outside.
• One-story houses should have a wiring near the ceiling, which goes to the attic and is displayed on the roof.

The air that is removed from the room has a certain tension and circulation, which is called traction force.

There are several ways to check the ventilation performance.

• Bring a match to the ventilation. If there is movement of the flame, then the ventilation is working fully.
• Take a sheet of paper and bring it to the ventilation. If he stays on it, then the traction is good, if he falls, then the air is removed badly. The indicators will be inaccurate if the air temperature in the room and on the street is approximately equal.

If natural ventilation is inefficient, it is advisable to use an enhanced version. Forced ventilation involves the presence of an electrical device in the form of a fan. Ceiling ventilation of this type must be equipped with a suitable apparatus that can cope with a given amount of air masses. For such a device, it is enough to have one channel in the room, through which all the polluted air from the room will be removed. To calculate the optimal power of the device, you need to multiply the volume of the room, where the length is multiplied by the width and height of the room, by the frequency of use, which varies from 5 to 10, which is dictated by the number of people living in the room and using the bath, toilet or kitchen.

With a minimum number of residents, the coefficient is five, then it increases relative to the residents of an apartment or house.

Using forced fans in the bathroom can be dangerous, because the contact of electrical appliances with moisture can cause a short circuit. In order not to risk the performance of the device and the safety of residents, it is necessary to install moisture-resistant fans.

When choosing a fan, it is important to pay attention to various indicators.

• The presence of a humidity sensor, which itself calculates the moment to turn on when the humidity threshold has been overcome. This type of inclusion helps to significantly save on electricity.
• Fans with a timer allow you to set the time for turning on the ventilation, so as not to waste time on this, but to actively use the room under optimal and comfortable conditions.
• With the presence of a motion sensor that activates the fan if there is someone in the room.
• A device with a non-return valve that prevents the entry of polluted air from the environment into the room.

Modern devices can be equipped with smart technologies that have many functions and are easy to operate. Smart ventilation allows you to achieve the desired result even for people with disabilities. Exhaust ventilation can have an autonomous version and be located in the ventilation shaft of the bathroom, in the kitchen window or any other place where it can bring air from the room to the street. The operation of such a device is carried out on batteries, which means that there is no risk of a short circuit and a threat to humans.

Such a portable hood will be a very convenient option for those who smoke, because it will help to effectively get rid of tobacco smoke and quickly clean the air in the room.

How it works?

Thinking about installing a fan in an air duct, you need to decide on the need for this device. If the hood copes with its work, then it makes no sense to mount additional devices.

To understand how efficiently ventilation works, you can look at the following indicators:

• how sweaty the windows and mirrors in the bathroom are during the shower;
• damp background of the room, slow process of drying towels;
• the beginning of the development of the fungus in the seams of the tiles, in the corner of the room and on the ceiling.

Mold and fungus not only destroy the finish of the room, but also negatively affect the health of the inhabitants of the apartment or house.

Checking if the ventilation is pulling air out of the room is simple - for this you can take a match and watch the movement of the flame. If it does not move, then the air duct is clogged and needs to be cleaned. With a weak movement, a weak draft can be observed, which indicates the need to install a fan. It is important to carry out such a check in optimal conditions, when cold air is blowing outside and the house is warm. It is under these conditions that there is traction and one can judge the state of the ventilation shafts. Ventilation must cope with a given amount of air in the room, so it is important to choose sufficiently powerful devices.

If you install a forced fan, you can clearly hear its noise when it is turned on. It buzzes quite noisily in case of incorrect installation, but if everything is done correctly, the sound will be almost inaudible. The noise threshold for a bathroom is 25 dB. Noise can also occur due to the strong power of the device and the high speed of the blades. When making a choice in favor of a particular product, it is important to pay attention to power indicators, because they will affect the air exchange rate, and, importantly, the performance of additional functions, such as a timer or motion sensor.

Which is better?

In order to make the right choice and install the right fan, it is important to know what exactly you need to pay attention to:

• Availability of certificates and quality assurance. The device must be safe and do its job well.
• The electrical parts of the hood must be placed in a plastic housing that protects them from moisture and steam.
• The optimal power level to quickly remove all the air in the room, refreshing it. If the bathroom is shared, then the hood should be more powerful in order to serve two rooms at once.

• Fans of modern technology will like fans with a variety of sensors, a timer.
• It is important to correlate the size of the exhaust hole with the dimensions of the fan itself, so that it enters it, but does not hang out at the same time.
• The choice of ventilation devices is best made among the range of well-known brands that have proven themselves in the market.
• The selection of the fan is also carried out taking into account the noise of the device, which should not be higher than 25 decibels.
• Selection of a good device at the best price.

The most favorable fan option would be a device that runs on ball bearings., which makes them quiet and maximizes its lifespan. It is most convenient to use a fan with a motion and humidity sensor, which turns on itself at the right time, which does not require any human intervention and provides the latter with a comfortable use of the room.

The presence of a non-return valve greatly facilitates the care of the room, because no debris, dust and any small particles enter it from the outside, while everything unnecessary, harmful, and foul-smelling is constantly removed.

Self-manufacturing

If you need to install a fan in the bathroom with your own hands, then the easiest way is to purchase a suitable device for this, place it in the ventilation shaft, connect it to electricity and fix it to the wall. If possible, it is better to buy a fan that is equipped with a humidity sensor, which ensures that it turns on at the right time. The apartment usually provides for special air ducts, in which a grid is mounted for natural ventilation or a fan for forced ventilation. If there is no such design, then it must be done independently, making it in a wall opening or in the ceiling. This is true for a private house, which was built as a country house and did not involve a year-round stay.

If the bathroom has a window, this is already an opportunity to ventilate the space., but it is much more efficient to add an electrical appliance to it to quickly pump out air and saturate the room with freshness. In cases where there is no ventilation and even a window is not provided, the shaft will exit through the wall of the house along the top, towards the roof. Having mounted all the structures, you need to check how well the air flows through them, and only after that mount the fan itself. In the process of work, something can clog the channel or partially clog it, therefore it is important to check the patency of both home-made air ducts and those that were provided during construction.

The selection of the fan is made according to the existing hole in the wall. If they do not match, then you will either have to expand it or compact it. Installation is done by removing the grille and fixing all the necessary wires. You can fix the equipment with self-tapping screws or liquid nails. When everything is ready, it is necessary to install the grate in place and cover the joint between the fan and the wall with sealant.

By correctly installing the fan, you can make your stay in the bathroom comfortable and enjoyable, ensuring the safety of all coatings for a person and extending their life.

Materials and accessories

Ventilation for the bathroom and toilet may be ready-made and located in the wall, or it may be absent, then you need to mount it yourself. The choice of materials in this case plays a big role. Air ducts can have a different appearance, be round or straight. The main material for their manufacture is steel, it can have different thicknesses depending on what temperature the air will have and how much it will move.

The main parts are pipelines for the passage of air, but besides them, it is also important to use shaped parts, due to which turns and bends of structures are formed. For areas where the ventilation shaft runs from the outside, copper, textile and plastic parts can be used, which will not only have a high quality factor, but also a decorative effect.

To fix the air channels, you can use a flange, bandage, socket or sleeve. Having drawn up a plan for future ventilation and having decided on the type of fastening and future materials, you can get to work. The next important step will be the selection of the fan itself and its components.

Each ventilation system designed to purify the air must have a filter, which can be of several types:

• dry porous;
• porous wetted;
• electric.

The choice of one or another option is dictated by the amount of dust that the ventilation systems must catch and hold.

Another accessory is a silencer, which allows you to make the operation of the fan less noticeable and louder. Usually they are made of tin in the form of two cylinders, which are separated by an absorbent material. In some cases, it is advisable to install dampers that let air in when they open and stop when they close.

By itself, a fan for a bathroom or toilet can be of four types.

• Axial. Used in apartments and houses, it has high efficiency with a relatively simple installation.
• Centrifugal. They are used in large industrial facilities, because the ventilation capacity of this device is very powerful and can process a huge air flow using the same energy resource.

• Channel. Installed in the duct itself. These devices have a humidity and shutdown sensor. Most often, the device is placed in a plastic case, which makes it possible to use it in a sauna or pool.
• Domestic. Serves for serving the kitchen or bathroom in the apartments. For such rooms, it is recommended to choose a device equipped with a non-return valve, which will not allow air from the toilet or kitchen to enter other rooms.

Based on the room, its dimensions and the preparation of the ventilation shaft, you can choose the right fan, and if necessary, make an air duct.

Installation process

To install a fan, you must follow certain instructions. Often, on the package itself with a fan, there are already some recommendations on how to properly install it. However, before you can mount something, you need to check the operability of the ventilation shaft, whether it copes well with air intake and whether it fully removes it from the room. If any problems with the air flow are found, the channels must be carefully checked and cleaned.

To install the fan, the first step is to remove the decorative grille., then try on the fan to a specific duct. It is important to fix the device in the hole with sealant or special glue, but the most reliable option is to use self-tapping screws. Once the main fastening has been done, it is important to take care that there are no small flaws left. Once everything is finished, you can put the grate in place and check the performance of the device.

If there is no ventilation shaft in the room, then it must be organized at least at a height of two meters. It is advisable to place the outlet opposite the doors or diagonally from them. This will help create the necessary air flow for active ventilation of the space. Fan performance can be selected as desired. It can turn on automatically if it has the appropriate devices, or you can activate it by turning on the switch on the fan itself or combined with the light in the bathroom.

The choice of fan must be justified so that its power is enough for the bathroom, and the design of the lattice is selected based on the appearance of the space to emphasize its style and complement it if necessary. By installing such a device, you can extend the safety of all coatings in the bathroom and ensure comfortable and safe use of both the bath and the toilet.

If the fan is installed correctly, then there should be no problems with its operation, and it will effectively cope with the amount of air intended for it in the room. However, if mistakes were made during the installation process or the work was carried out by an unskilled craftsman without due attention, then the first problems may appear very soon.

Before installing the fan in the shaft, it is important to check the draft in it. If it is not there or it is weak, it is advisable to clean the entire system, otherwise the problem will only worsen over time, and to clean the moves, it will be necessary to dismantle the fan. When checking the draft, it is important to do two tests at once - one with the doors and windows open, the second with the doors closed to cut off access to a source of fresh air.

A combined bathroom with a toilet requires a more powerful apparatus, therefore it is important to correctly calculate the power of the device when choosing it. Knowing the area of ​​​​the entire bathroom, you can decide on the type of fan. Often, more powerful units are also larger, because they need to pump many times more air volume. When choosing a fan size, it is important to know the size of the ventilation shaft opening in advance so that you do not have to expand it or put something to fix it.

If, over time, when the fan is turned on, problems begin to appear and the device does not work, you need to check the wires and the switch, if it is a trigger element. When installing the fan, it is advisable to securely fasten all cables so that they do not unwind over time, because during operation there is a slight surface fluctuation that can affect them, because over time the contacts will loosen and move away.

Proper height and location can guarantee optimal fan performance, and the cleaned air paths will allow free passage of air from the room outside it and replace it with fresh and clean air.

When choosing a fan, it is important to pay attention to many details. If a bathroom is chosen as the installation site, then the humidity level in it will be quite high, therefore it is necessary to look for markings with the letters IP, which indicate additional protection of the case from moisture and are ready for moist air masses that will pass through it.

As for power, it is recommended not to take devices with parameters less than 100 m3 / h. To save energy, the most relevant will be models equipped with a motion sensor, which turns on the device when someone appears in the bathroom or toilet and turns it off when the object disappears. If there is a desire to use the fan only if necessary, then it is better to choose a device with a humidity sensor in the room, then the fan will start its work as soon as the norm level is exceeded, and stop when the air is fresh and clean.

If you want to take a shower in a well-ventilated area, you can set a timer to turn on the fan automatically, which will turn itself off at a predetermined time by the owner himself. When choosing a fan for high-rise buildings, it is very important to check the presence of a check valve that will block foreign debris and dirty air from letting it into the apartment.

Only careful selection of the device can ensure the comfort of living in an apartment or house. and the use of the bathroom and toilet in compliance with all standards of humidity, air purity and the complete absence of harmful factors that appear when such standards are not observed.

On the secrets of installing the hood in the bathroom and toilet, see below.

To create a favorable microclimate in the shower room, a high-quality air purification system is necessary. Forced ventilation in the bathroom qualitatively performs the duties assigned to it. It allows you to normalize the functioning of the room, save it from dampness, high humidity, which is due not only to comfort, but also to sanitary and hygienic standards. It is through the exhaust opening that the space is filled with freshness, which relieves it of various microorganisms.

Health check

In order to establish the health of natural air exchange, it is necessary to adhere to the following evaluation criteria:

• After bath procedures, misted mirrors remain in the room, as well as ceramic tiles and other interior items, which indicates a ventilation malfunction.
• The paper brought to the exhaust outlet in the toilet does not press against the barricade, this is the second sign of problems.

You can improve the ventilation in the room in the following ways:

• mine cleaning;
• installation of an additional fan;
• installation of a forced air exchange system.

Varieties

It is no secret that during the construction of houses, special parameters are provided that regulate the state of hygiene standards. That's what it's set for. The calculated indicator of the functioning of the system should be 25 m 3 / h of fresh air in the apartment, but if the bathroom is combined, then the indicator increases to 50 m 3 / h. These standards directly relate to natural and artificial ventilation without exception.

The natural movement of air allows you to provide freshness to the bathroom and toilet, guided by the laws of physics. This means that nature, due to the difference in pressure and temperature, independently directs air masses into the house. Separately, it is worth noting the fact that causes significant difficulties in ventilation - the obstruction of closed plastic windows to the normal functioning of the exhaust opening.

Thus, for better ventilation of the room, they must be opened more often. An artificial system with the help of the installation of additional devices will make this task easily feasible. Fan types are divided into the following:

In addition to this gradation of the ventilation structure, there is another one. She happens:

• Channelless, i.e. air exchange occurs through the generalized shafts of multi-storey or private houses.
• Channel. This system is characterized by special connections to areas where intensity is needed in the process of cleaning the atmospheric masses from steam, moisture, unpleasant odors and other harmful components.

In this regard, ventilation in the bathroom and toilet room is installed together with forced systems, the fan is installed with a dedicated switch, which makes its use very convenient. This method allows you to use the system even during the reception of water procedures or visiting the toilet.

Choose a model

In order for the exhaust opening to work smoothly at the maximum of its capabilities, it is very scrupulous to approach the selection of the main functional product - the fan. Therefore, it is necessary to better study the individual points that will facilitate the procedure for determining the type of ventilation structure.

Noise level

It is quite natural that household appliances produce a certain level of sound during operation. For ventilation equipment, this indicator is always indicated in its passport. Bathrooms and toilets allow you to install a system of approximately 35 decibels, which is considered a high level of noise isolation, since this sound is not perceived by human hearing. Fans with higher sound levels are already considered unusable due to their irritability.

Engine

The device for the toilet room must have the necessary power, as well as a long margin of safety. It is these indicators that the fan motor is responsible for. Upon inspection, you should immediately pay attention to its device. There must be ball bearings and installed bushings, on which the duration of the operation of the engine depends, as well as the level of noise produced. Such models are rightfully considered the most productive, durable, silent.

Performance

This indicator is considered one of the most important for the functioning of the entire ventilation system. Due to the performance, you can calculate how much fresh air reaches the bathroom or toilet space in 60 minutes of its operation. It must be understood that fan performance is directly related to the following parameters:

• room area;
• humidity level;
• number of active users.

The required performance of ventilation equipment can be set using a fairly simple formula. It is necessary to multiply the total volume of the desired room by a multiple of the air exchange, the indicator, which, in turn, will be the value of the amount of a complete change of atmosphere in the toilet space. For a bathroom, the approximate multiplicity will be equal to an indicator from 7 to 10 units.

Today, it is obvious that technology does not stand still, so the modern market already provides innovative copies of the ventilation system with the following functions:

• automatic connection to the switch;
• independent work when a certain level of humidity is reached;
• program setting of tasks according to various criteria.

Model types

Ventilation structures can be equipped with various designs that significantly improve performance. They are divided into:

Installation of equipment

Today, almost each of us will be able to carry out the installation of the ventilation structure independently. For a successful completion, you need to take into account just a few useful tips:

• You need to make sure that there is no clogging of the common air shaft, if the answer is no, then it should be cleaned.
• It is best to create a small gap under the door for reliable traction or install a grill on the doorway.
• The success of ventilation directly depends on well-chosen equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the performance of the fan, its safety and functionality in advance.
• Exhaust models must bring atmospheric masses into the common air outlet channel through a special hole. This technological opening is located in each apartment, as it provides natural ventilation.
• Before starting the installation, it is necessary to run the wire for the power supply.
• Installation of ventilation is carried out only strictly according to the instructions from the manufacturer, which describes all the details of the process.

Video instruction