All kinds of wrenches for large non-standard nuts. Wrench

No body shop can do without a wrench. There are many different keys to tighten the nuts securely, and this does not include narrow specialization keys.

But from this set, several main types of wrenches can be distinguished: ring, open-end, combined, adjustable and socket wrenches, which are shown in the photo.

Varieties of keys

To know how to choose the right socket or wrench, you need to familiarize yourself with their varieties and properties. To do this, consider the most popular and demanded types of keys.

Open-end instrument

The most popular and well-known nut tool is the open-end. With its help, the nut is fixed with horns. Hence the name - carob.

However, current standards refer to it as an “open-ended wrench”. The handle is tilted 15 degrees. to the handle. This position is the most comfortable and allows you to work in particularly narrow spaces.

In addition, the handle can be positioned at a 7 degree angle between the handle and the ring. The combined method assumes a different combination of angles: 15 degrees. from one edge and 70 degrees. from the other.

Often, keys are equipped with two heads at once, and of different sizes. In this case, there is no need to purchase two keys. Among the shortcomings, there is a small space for interaction and with increased pressure, you can crush the corners, especially if the dimension of the key does not match with the nut.

It is better to use only correctly selected and combined sizes. Thin horns will do less damage to the corners.

To unscrew old rusty fasteners, you need to use an impact wrench, which on one side has a special thickening for striking with a hammer.

Many wrenches come with a specific horn configuration. For example, one is shortened, the other has a protruding notch of a non-standard configuration. Here you can see two positive qualities: speed of action and the minimum chance to lubricate the corners of the edges.

In simplified tooling models, the work surface has tabs or grooves to make it easier to work with wrinkled corners of the nut.

Slip tools

A modernized type of open-end wrench is considered to be box or ring wrenches, which leave a small contact patch, since the nut is wrapped around the top by the head and the load is distributed evenly. And not 2 faces, but 6. In addition, the process of crushing corners is practically excluded. Due to the smaller size of the head, it is more convenient to work with it.

The spanner wrench has a six or twelve-sided profile. The first is more convenient to use, the second has a larger contact area and the ability to apply more force.

The tool head is either located in the same plane with the handle, or at an angle of 15 degrees, which are used in different conditions.

Flat ones are little used, more popular - with a curved head. Some models are equipped with a ratchet or hinge.

The handle can be curved or crescent-shaped for greater convenience.

Combined keys

This option combines two types at once: carob and cap. They are endowed only with advantages without disadvantages, therefore they are more in demand and widespread than the rest. Combinations with other types are possible. For example, with end. But this is a less common model.

Adjustable wrenches

According to the principle of operation, the adjustable wrench resembles a carob, with the only difference that you can change the dimension by pushing the horns apart. They are mainly used in everyday life, and not in production, since their disadvantages include:

increased dimension of the head, which creates inconvenience in narrow places;
due to the formation of backlash, it is impossible to rigidly fasten the nut, as a result, the corners are smoothed out, and this can even lead to injury;
a low level of strength does not allow creating the necessary force;
the horns are constantly slipping off.

Among the advantages, only the ability to adjust the dimension of the head can be distinguished. If necessary, you can replace it with socket wrenches that have replaceable heads.

Socket wrenches

In car repair, it is simply impossible to do without socket wrenches. Their design assumes the presence of a hexagonal recess at the end. This recess is thrown over the top of the fastening parts and turned in the desired direction.

For ease of use, you should purchase a tool with a small lever and interchangeable heads of different sizes.

Unscrewing the bolts requires a little more effort than tightening them, as threads tend to sour.

Photo of wrenches and socket wrenches

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Wrenches are very diverse by type and may differ both externally and the material of use (brand and type of metal or alloy).

A wrench is a tool used to tighten bolts, nuts, or faceted elements. Each type of wrench has its positive and negative sides.

First of all, wrenches differ in the shape of the working part - open-end, ring-shaped, captive, adjustable, end.

The most recognizable and widespread species. With these keys, the part is gripped by horn-shaped elements. Open-end wrenches have two working parts of different sizes located at the ends of one handle. This is convenient in that it reduces the number of keys of the required size during operation.

Due to their versatility, open-end wrenches are very popular despite some disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is a small contact area, only at two points, if the force is large, then the key tends to deform the edges of the part in the contact area, if the key horns are thin, then this probability increases.

Span keys

These keys have the working part of the ring with edges on the inside. Its design is more reliable than that of open-end wrenches, since the part is covered over the entire surface (that is, at least in six places), which practically eliminates deformation of the corners. Spanners are available with two types of internal profile - with a 6-sided profile and a 12-sided profile. It is more convenient to work with a profile with 12 edges in a confined space, since it is enough for it to turn by 30 degrees, a key with a 6-sided profile needs 60 degrees of rotation.

More common wrenches with an inclined head, when the working part is at a slight angle to the handle. Box wrenches are available in different sizes, just like open-end wrenches.

Spanners (combination keys)

This type of wrench combines an open-end working part on one side of the handle, and a collar working part on the other side. This combination removes the shortcomings of each (both carob and cap) separately. Combination wrenches are produced with one size of the working part on both sides (for example 13 * 13 mm).

Adjustable wrenches

They are open-ended wrenches with variable size between the clamps. Such keys are quite popular in everyday life, because they replace almost all sizes of keys used.

But this type of key also has its drawbacks:

Large size of the working part, which can interfere when working in confined spaces.
In the process of work and over time, the sliding mechanism wears out which leads to significant backlash, that is, to the impossibility of tightly covering the edges of the part.
The need to often adjust the position of the gripper according to the size of the nuts, which is not always convenient.

Socket wrenches

This kind of wrench is a hollow tube or cylinder with grooves at both ends. Socket wrenches are of two types:

L-shaped socket wrenches

They are the same size on both ends of the working parts. This is done with the expectation that the nut (or bolt) can be deep from the surface and then the long part of the wrench is used, but more force must be applied (due to the small lever). If the part is shallow, then the short part of the key is used, respectively, due to the larger lever, less forces are applied.

I-wrenches

This type of keys is L-shaped and is used to work with bolts (screws, screws) that have not external edges, but internal ones. They are mainly used for assembling furniture, repairing household appliances and similar works.

Key "star" TORX

These keys have the same shape as hex keys, only with the peculiarity that the end of the key is made in the form of an asterisk (the field of application is the difference from repairing electronics to repairing cars and some household appliances).

According to the types of metal, the keys should be purchased from a chromium-vanadium alloy or a chromium-molybdenum alloy, all other types of metals or alloys do not show such good results when working, no matter how attractive they look.

With all the variety of types of keys, everyone can choose what he needs at the moment, or purchase a set. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that it is better to purchase quality products in order to avoid disappointment in the future.

In the heading |

To work with bolted connections, wrenches are used. They come in several varieties, each of which is used for specific purposes. The choice of tool configuration depends on the difficulty of accessing the threaded connection. If it is in an open place, then any wrench will do, but if you need to twist, then you need a special shape of the tool.

Varieties of wrenches

First of all, the tool differs in size. Each one is designed for a specific hex nut. The size of the key is indicated by numbers that correspond to the diameter of the seating mouth in millimeters. Foreign instruments may have an inch designation, but they are practically not used in the CIS.

There are more than 10 types of wrenches, which are divided into the following groups:

Monolithic.
Adjustable.
Composite.
With a special profile.

You can also note special keys, but they are used very rarely and only in special designs. Most of these tools are almost never used, so they can be ignored.

Monolithic wrench

The monolithic wrench is a one-piece metal construction. This is the most common tool. It is mainly made of special steel, which includes chromium and vanadium. A monolithic type is divided into several subtypes:

Rozhkovy.
Collar.
End.
Combined.

Rozhkovy

Open-end tools are used for nuts and bolts from 3.6 to 95 mm. This is the most common key used in all areas, including car maintenance. Its design is a flat profile, at the end of which there are two axes for covering the heads of threaded connections. The open-ended instrument is one-sided and two-sided.

One-sided has horns on one side only, while the other is a cropped profile. Often when working with a tightly clamped connection, a tube can be put on the other end of the wrench to increase the force leverage and facilitate unwinding. The double-ended wrench has horns at all ends. They are usually designed for nuts of different diameters.

Thanks to their flat design, open-end wrenches are quite compact. The direction of their jaws has a deviation of 15 degrees. This reduces the risk of slipping and adds additional maneuverability. The disadvantage of the horn design is the flimsy fixation of the joints. When unscrewing with a strong effort, metal abrasion is observed on the edges of the bolts. In addition, the horns may break off or expand.

Cap

The spanner has a size of 6 to 55 mm. Its working part is a ring with faces, which provides full crimping of nuts and bolts. When working with such a tool, the risk of licking edges is eliminated. The cover design can also be one-sided and two-sided. The one-sided variation includes tools from 30 to 55 mm. The disadvantage of the sleeve type is the need for open access to the threaded connection. If the nut is only a few millimeters away from the obstacle, then the key cannot be fixed to it.

End

The working part of such a tool is a tube with an internal notch for fixing the edges. The wrench is used to loosen deep-seated bolts and nuts. The fixing reliability corresponds to the cap. Depending on the shape, there are tubular, "T" and "L" shaped. The first is a straight tube with ends fitted to the edges and a small through hole in the center, which are used to thread a pin to facilitate turning. Such wrenches are called spark plugs because they are used to change spark plugs in an internal combustion engine. "T" and "L" shaped keys have 6 or 12 faces. Their curved shape is tailored to specific working conditions.

Combined

Such a double-sided tool has an open-end and a spanner wrench at each end. Available in sizes from 5 to 32 mm. The option of the same or different sizes of open-end and spanner wrenches is possible. Such a tool is often included in standard maintenance kits for motorcycles and other small equipment.

Adjustable type

An adjustable wrench is a more advanced, but not as reliable design as a monolithic one. It can change the size of the girth of the working part, so it is suitable for a wide range of nuts and bolts. There are several subtypes of adjustable tools:

Adjustable wrench.
Pipe.
Adjustable.
French.

Adjustable

The adjustable wrench resembles a carob, but is more massive. Its peculiarity lies in the sliding jaws. Such a tool is versatile. It allows you to work with non-standard nut sizes. Changing the working width is done with a simple worm-type adjuster. Such a tool fixes only two faces, so it can lick the nuts. It should not be hit with a hammer as the worm adjuster can jam and bend, making further attempts to adjust the width impossible.

Pipe

The pipe wrench is a versatile tool. It is available in 5 sizes, with a coverage range from 0 to 120 mm. The adjustment is carried out using a clamping nut on one of the handles. The gripping of the edges is carried out with two jaws as a lever. The more you grip it, the more reliable the fixation will be. There are several options for the shape of the lips. They are flat and rounded. The former work with conventional nuts, while the latter can grip rounded joints.

Resettable

The reversible key also provides a grip on the lever system. To work with it, you need to apply a strong force, since its design is more primitive than pipe. The surface of the resettable mechanism is serrated to provide a tighter contact between the two handles. There is also a notch on the lips. It increases the reliability of adherence of the arms to the surface of the edges.

French

The French wrench is a very old design. Despite this, it can be found in the toolkit of many motorists and locksmiths. The French design was invented back in the 18th century. Since that time, the principle of tool adjustment has changed slightly. It should be noted that such keys suffer from backlash, which complicates reliable fixation of the jaws. They do not tolerate knocks, so if the nut does not yield, it is best to use a tube to increase the leverage.

Composite type

Composite type is socket heads. On one side, they have 6 or 12 edges for fixing the nuts, and on the other, 4 edges for holding the wrench. When assembled, the composite key repeats the design of a conventional socket type. The advantage of the heads is that they fit into one knob. Thus, a whole set of end caps and one handle can fit in a small box. At the same time, all popular sizes that are required for work will be presented in it.

For heads, handles of several designs can be used:

Articulated.
With a ratchet.
L-shaped.
With a screwdriver handle.

The disadvantage of heads is that they don't fit everywhere. They are often unsuitable for hard-to-reach places. This is due to the thick walls of the nesting site. In addition, when working with dirty and rusty joints, there are cases when the head fits tightly on a nut or bolt, after which it is difficult to remove it. With force, the knob simply comes out of the bore, while the nozzle remains in place.

Keys with a special profile

Profiled wrenches represent a male tool that fits into special bolt holes rather than gripping the head. There are hex and torx wrenches. They have a small diameter and are mainly used to secure furniture joints. They are also used for assembling and disassembling household appliances.

The hex key is a regular L-shaped rod, turned into 6 sides. It is he who is used for conformity in the assembly and repair of furniture. Wrenches with a diameter of 1.5 to 24 mm are available. You can often find an even variation of the key in the form of bits for.

A star-shaped wrench is an L-shaped rod with a curly sharpening at the end, resembling the shape of a screwdriver. It is used to work with small bolts in household appliances and car interior elements. Small keys are used to disassemble mobile phones and tablets. Often a special screwdriver is used instead of the star type.

The wrench is a common tool used quite often. There are many wrench options available for the simple act of tightening nuts or bolts, and this is not counting the highly specialized wrenches. Just a simple enumeration of the types of this instrument will take more than one minute, and each type has its own purpose, its advantages and disadvantages, which are important to know, here are the main types: horn, cap, combined (from one end to the cap, from the other to cap), butt , adjustable.

Open-end wrenches

When it comes to a wrench, it is usually the open-end wrench that comes to mind. In an open-end wrench, the nut is fixed between the jaws resembling horns, which gave this wrench its name - open-end. Another name for this type, used in GOST, is a spanner with an open mouth.

Open-end wrench

The longitudinal axis of the head and the longitudinal axis of the handle are at an angle, usually this angle is 15 ° (there are keys with a different angle).

This is done to facilitate work in confined spaces.

The angle between the axes of the head and the handle is made differently, for example 75 °, while the corners are combined in one key.

Key with the same throat size on both sides,
with angles of inclination of the throat 15 ° and 75 °

Often an open-end wrench has two heads (double-ended wrench), one at the ends of the handle, for different nut sizes. This halves the number of items in a set of such keys.

Open-end wrenches are widely used due to their relative versatility and simplicity, despite serious disadvantages. The main disadvantage of an open-end wrench is that there are only two small contact zones that are close to the corners of the nut. The pressure on these zones tends to crush the corners, if the size of the throat is slightly larger than the size of the nut, then the key will press directly on two corners and, with force, will crush them. The same will happen when the key is of the correct size, but the force is much greater. As the thickness of the lips decreases, the likelihood of creasing the corners increases.

An impact wrench, used to unscrew stubborn (stuck or rusty) nuts or bolts, has a special thickening at the second end that can take blows from a hammer or sledgehammer.

Manufacturers offer open-end wrenches with a modified lip profile (horns). For example, for IBEX keys, one lip is shortened and has a small protrusion, and the other is made convex, and the notch is also changed. Thanks to this modification, the key has two advantages at once. First, the speed - the key can be rearranged without removing the hook from the mouth, but only slightly pulling it back. Secondly, the contact spots are farther from the corners of the nut, which reduces the possibility of lubricating the edges. The modification is simpler, it can consist either in creating a slight convexity of the working surface, or in its corrugation. Manufacturers claim that wrenches with a convex working surface can even work with nuts or bolts that have crumpled edges.

IBEX Key (UNIOR)

Spanners

A box wrench, it is also a ring wrench, is a more perfect type of wrench than an open-end wrench. Its design is devoid of the main disadvantage of open-end wrenches, which have only two small contact spots. The head of the spanner wrench covers the entire nut and under load pressure is distributed to all six faces of the nut or bolt, that is, instead of two contact spots, there are six of them, in addition, the contact spots are a little further from the corners, this almost completely eliminates crushing of the corners. The spanner head is smaller than the spanner for the same nut and is generally more comfortable to operate.

The profile of the spanner head can be with 12 edges (the most common option) or 6 (TORX profile). A twelve-sided wrench is more convenient to work and it only needs to turn 30 ° to work, while a TORX profile wrench needs 60 °, so the latter may not cope with screwing or unscrewing in confined spaces. But the key with the TORX profile, due to the large edges, has a larger contact area, and it is farther from the corners of the nut. As a result, with such a key, more force can be applied without fear of lubricating the corners.

The ring can lie in the same plane as the handle (flat key), it can be tilted at an angle, usually a tilt angle of 15 ° (wrench with a bent head) or have a knee (wrench with a bend). For different situations, a certain arrangement of the ring is optimal (sometimes the only possible), but the most universal can be called a wrench with a bent head, flat ones are almost never used.

Ratchet spanners (see below) are sometimes made with a swivel head.

Like open-end wrenches, spanners are often made with two rings of different sizes.

Percussion modifications are produced that differ from horn-type percussion only in the head.

For cases where it is impossible to put the key on top, there is an option with an open ring (slotted key). Such situations often arise when servicing hydraulic and pneumatic installations.

The handle of the key, for working in hard-to-reach places, can be bent, for example, the motor (starter) wrench is bent in the shape of a crescent (C-shaped), there are also S-shaped keys.

Combination wrenches

The combination of an open-end wrench on one handle, at one end, and a spanner of the same size, at the other, created a key devoid of the shortcomings of each of them individually. Combination wrenches are the most popular and common. Of course, manufacturers are not limited to a combination of open-end and box-end wrenches, other types are also combined, for example, open-end wrenches with end-end wrenches, but if we are talking about a combined wrench, without specifying which one, then we are talking about open-end wrenches.

There are modifications with the head turned 90 °, in this case, when working, the palm rests against the wide plane of the head, and not against the narrow part.

Adjustable wrenches

An adjustable wrench, in simpler terms, is an open-end wrench with a variable distance between the jaws. They are more commonly used in the home than in professional activities, and they are probably more common in the home than other wrenches.

The dislike of professionals for them is well explained by their significant shortcomings, namely:

The relatively large size of the head can become an obstacle when working in hard-to-reach places.
The play of the movable jaw does not allow tightly squeezing the nut, as a result of which, with a relatively small force, the wrench will smooth the corners of the nut and break off, and a person can be injured.
Over time, the movable jaw mechanism wears out, leading to even more backlash.
Low strength does not allow high torque to be generated.
The need to constantly adjust the position of the movable jaw.

And there is only one advantage - the variable distance between the jaws. Yes, and this advantage can be nullified with a socket wrench with replaceable heads or a bicycle.

Socket wrenches

Socket wrenches have a recess at the end, usually in the form of a hexagon, that encloses a bolt or nut, they are mainly used in car maintenance. Often these keys are L-shaped, with a hexagonal notch at both ends. Moreover, the size of the recess on both sides is the same, that is, not like, for example, with ring keys. This is due to the different functionality of the two ends, the long part can reach deeply "hidden" bolts, but the lever will be shorter and it will be possible to create a small torque, covering the bolts with the short end, the long part creates a large torque. Knowing that more effort is needed to unscrew the bolt than was applied when tightening, due to acidification of the threaded connection, when tightening, you can use a short part as a lever (if possible and the bolt is tightened sufficiently tightly), and for unscrewing - a long one, this will save you from a situation when a tightly tightened bolt or nut is not tightened.

The socket wrench can be with a twelve-sided recess, like a box wrench, with the same pros and cons compared to the TORX profile, namely: it only needs to turn 30 ° to work, it is more convenient for them to work, lubricates the corners of the bolt with less force or less wear of the bolt head. Sometimes six- and twelve-sided heads are combined in one key.

Keys are produced with head fastening to the handle through a hinge. In this case, the sizes of the heads are different at both ends.

There are T-shaped wrenches with one head; in the form of a cross - some balloon; with replaceable heads, significantly reducing the dimensions of the set; Various accessories are available for replaceable heads.

Manufacturers also offer the following options:

It has a very significant drawback - a very large head size, which limits its use.

Tubular wrenches

A tubular wrench is a tube, at the ends of which a hexagon is formed, holes are made in the tube for a wrench (a rod that acts as a lever). The size of the hex on the ends of one key is different. Such simple keys are sometimes used to complete equipment and machines, in particular cars.

Sometimes manufacturers bend the tube to create an L-shaped tubular wrench. They have the same size of the hexagon at the ends of one key, and the functionality of the positions is the same as for L-shaped socket keys.

A variety of tubular wrenches is a spark plug wrench (for automotive spark plugs) with a hexagon on one side.

The tube cavity can accommodate protruding parts of threaded connections, for example, strongly protruding parts of a candle.

Ratchet wrenches

Box and socket wrenches have modifications with a ratchet mechanism (differently, with a ratchet). The main advantage of the ratchet wrench is that you don't need to flip the wrench. Another important advantage is the very small angle by which the wrench must be turned to tighten or unscrew the nut. The ratchet mechanisms differ, in particular, in the number of teeth, if there are 72 teeth in the mechanism, then 5 ° is enough for rotation, if 40, then 9 °, etc., the angle is 360 ° divided by the number of teeth. This is very important when working in tight spaces.

The disadvantage of the ratchet is that it is the weak point of the key and breaks under excessive load, at a significantly higher cost of such a tool.

Other keys

In this topic, it will be useful to mention other keys as important as those described above. So, many familiar bicycle keys used to be an integral part of any bicycle.

And the spoke wrench is still a necessary part of the bike tool kit, but it has changed a lot.

Hello,

Truly, human imagination is limitless, how many instruments have passed through me, but no, no, you will be surprised. So this time a very unusual adjustable wrench came to me for a review, at least this one has not yet "come across" in my hands.

We all are familiar with open-end wrenches, spanners and adjustable wrenches, let's not forget about "ratchets" for facing heads, gas, etc.

The arrived key is a "cross" of the above, a kind of unknown little animal, but quite functional.
But in order.
The packaging is unremarkable, I would even say mediocre:

The key itself:

The size:

Weight:

The key is made, albeit a little rough, but strong - all working parts are made of thick metal.
It is comfortable and "weighty" in the hand, the handle is comfortable with rubber inserts:

All "controls" are concentrated on the back of the top of the key:

From the "ratchet" is taken to switch the direction of rotation (Right / Lleft), and from an adjustable wrench - a lamb (similar to a gear), which is responsible for bringing the key jaws:

We twist the lamb down (in the direction of the inscription "OPEN") the lips are unclenched (Hussars are silent! :)

Twist up (CLOSE) - the lips are compressed:

Small video

By the way, for the fact that there are inscriptions "OPEN / CLOSE" I am ready to put a monument to the developers, tk. in the usual adjustable wrench - I regularly confuse the pedals with the direction of rotation (I think I'm not the only one).
Mixing, as you can see, is something else, but in this case it does not play a special role, because putting on a nut or a bolt on the object of applying force, the tool, as it were, self-centers due to the corners on the object being twisted.
Mechanism for transferring rotation to the shaft along which the clamping parts of the key move:

It is not worth worrying that you can unscrew the screw in the OPEN direction so that the jaws will fall out of the key, because there is a lock.
Depth 20mm:

In the product description, the size is 6-22mm
Here is the M6 \u200b\u200bnut inserted (external dimension 10mm):

and there is still a margin for mixing.
M12 nut:

1/2 '' adapter (this is the maximum size for a wrench):

The half-inch faucet doesn't fit anymore:

Now about the application. Just a problem was found where the key, unexpectedly, came in handy. I came across a pressure reducer on which a pressure gauge was installed, which began, on the sly, to leak and gradually fill the neighbors:

It was decided to get rid of the pressure gauge completely, putting a plug in its place. But here's the bad luck, the gearbox is very inconveniently located, on the right is the fan pipe, on the left are the distribution pipes and the most unpleasant shut-off valve, which does not allow the key handle to move. The adjustable wrench, which has the required size of the spreading of the sponges, did not climb into this small space in any way;

After 20 minutes of twisting a centimeter, with the constant turning of the key, with the danger of its falling and remembering the kind word of the builders, I remembered about the survey :), which perfectly suited this specific task (pay attention to the shavings - the result of "work" with gas key):

The key was tightly put on the plug (fully extended) and without any problems, in the shortest possible time, finished the work. The returnable "ratchet" in this case turned out to be extremely useful:

Conclusion

In general, in my, purely personal opinion, the key is quite good. Can be used instead of caps and carob. Of course, it will in no way replace an adjustable wrench if you work not only with bolts and nuts, because you can put it on only from above (well, or else, for example, use it to screw the adapter from 3/8 to 1/2 - there is such a need when connecting water to Bulgarian toilet bowls :), but at certain moments, it can be very useful and versatile, i.e. .to. the size is more compact than that of an adjustable wrench with a similar extension, and the "ratchet" will be very useful. Moreover, IMHO, this key is better fixed on the nut than the adjustable one, due to the fact that it is put on the corners of the edges and their "licking", as often happens, at the adjustable nut, with great effort, does not happen here. Compared to a ratchet wrench with heads, the plus is that you don't have to carry them with you and select the right one.
The bag, the keeper of the keys, hums pretty :)

That's all.
Good to all!

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