Every person must educate himself: Composition on Literature. I am myself! "Each person should educate himself"
According to Bazarov, a character in Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", people should educate themselves, and cites themselves as an illustrative example. Such a statement touches upon an extremely complex area of \u200b\u200brelationships between people, namely the topic of education. How and for how long is the educational process necessary? Due to the emergence of such questions, a plural number of disputes were born: everyone has his own opinion on this matter. What was Bazarov talking about when he spoke about educating himself, "like me"?
"Educating oneself" means developing one's own system of worldview, striving for an ideal that everyone defines for himself. This contributes to the formation of a bright personality that has dissimilar features from other individuals.
It is such a person who is endowed with the strength to bring something new into this world.
Self-education in the understanding of a romantic and, at the same time, a nihilist Bazarov is the absence of any authorities and faith exclusively in facts, the confirmation of which was the events they see. A person engaged in self-education in Bazarov style does not consider the existence of other ideas and values, being extremely one-sided. On this occasion, Pavel Petrovich expressed the correct opinion that if you deny anything even before you got acquainted with it, then this means making an attempt to hide your own ignorance.
Bazarov talks about the need for self-determination, but at the same time he is engaged in teaching and instructing Arkady, considering his own worldview to be the only correct one.
His phrase in the story sounds: "like me, for example," that is, he considers himself an example to follow. How did Bazarov raise himself? It's not hard to imagine. The days of the Decembrists have passed, and there is still a lot of time left until 1917, but young people oppose the existing order and everything related to the system of that time. Bazarov, not striving to be "a lost, wasted force", and begins to study natural sciences - the only thing that is not a denial of his worldview. He is a materialist and skeptic in the fullest sense of the word. Bazarov also denied universal human values.
Updated: 2016-11-17
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(Based on the works of I.S.Turgenev and N.G. Chernyshevsky)
The period covering the end of the fifties - the beginning of the sixties of the last century, marked by the rise of revolutionary activity (the first Russian revolutionary situation), was called by historians Raznochinskiy. Indeed, the main face of social life in post-reform Russia was a common democrat who differed from his predecessors, the nobility, not only in origin, but also in behavior, ideas, etc.
The philosophical and social position of the bulk of the youth of the sixties was nihilism. The first image of a nihilist in literature was given by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in his novel Fathers and Sons, which reflected the main ideological conflict of the era - the conflict between the views of the local nobility and the young generation of raznochin, professing democratic aspirations and actively bringing new views to society.
So nihilism. What are its main features? First, the denial of all and sundry authorities, initial, primitive materialism, extreme empiricism. Bazarov defines what a nihilist is: “A nihilist is a person who does not bow before any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respectful this principle is surrounded.” This position inevitably led to the denial of the existing order (or rather, it followed from it), but did not give any positive program. Among other features of nihilism, we note the reduction of feelings to nervous activity, in general attachment to natural sciences (Bazarov, a graduate of the Medical and Surgical Academy, “does not believe in principles, but believes in frogs”), the denial of art, materialistic views, etc. Bazarov is a typical nihilist, and the idea of \u200b\u200bself-education follows from the very essence of nihilism: denial of authority, reliance on experience is, in fact, self-education, so in this sense Bazarov “educates himself”: since he lives, focusing only on himself and on his experience, then in process of any choice (and a person constantly chooses something: for example, to put or not to put a comma is my choice in d this moment) he carries out an act of self-education. But he cannot speak of self-education in the full sense of the word in relation to Bazarov: he has no goal, he is not satisfied with what exists, but there is no ideal - there is nowhere to strive (negation alone cannot lead to an ideal). His existence is ultimately aimless, he must make the Main Choice (choice of ideal, choice of path) or die.
As the main method of education, one of the necessary conditions for development, self-education is put forward in the programmatic work of the sixties - in the novel "What is to be done?" This is not a nihilistic novel, this is a work written by a revolutionary practitioner that calls for no struggle, it carries a clear positive attitude. What is to be done? was written by Chernyshevsky in the Alekseevsky ravelin and is the embodiment of the feat of a person and a citizen.
“New people” - Lopukhov and Kirsanov - also “educate themselves,” but the theory of self-education was given by Chernyshevsky in the chapter “A Special Man”. Rakhmetov's image is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bself-education. Having set a goal for himself, he methodically and consistently goes to it, subjecting himself to the most severe tests (and sometimes tortures), if it seems to him that it is necessary to achieve the ideal. In the chapter “A Special Person” there are very important words about Rakhmetov: “When he saw that he had acquired a systematic way of thinking in the spirit, the principles of which he found fair, he ...” (and so on). That is, we are no longer talking about a nihilist (these are the very principles over which Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich argued), but about a person of democratic convictions with a positive program, and this is not accidental. It is in relation to such a person, a revolutionary, that the idea of \u200b\u200bself-education is revealed to the end, because only a conscious movement and purposefulness create “education of oneself” in the real sense of the word.
Thus, Rakhmetov's self-education is qualitatively different from Bazarov's self-education: for Bazarov it is intuitive, for Rakhmetov it turns into a purposeful construction of his own personality down to the smallest details.
The images of people like Rakhmetov do not leave us indifferent even today. It is about such people that Nekrasov's poems were written: Mother Nature, If only you would sometimes not send such people to the world, the field of life would have died out ...
And understanding the role of self-education in the formation of such bright personalities allows us to get a little closer to perfection.
A person must learn to obey himself and obey his decisions.
CICERON So you've decided to do self-education! What is its essence and what are its tasks?
Self-education is a conscious, systematic work on oneself, it is aimed at the formation of such personality traits that meet the requirements of society and personal development.
Before embarking on this difficult work, you need to analyze your character traits, think about which ones need to be changed, which new qualities to cultivate in yourself. And only then can you set practical goals for self-improvement.
And there is the first obstacle, the first obstacle - laziness. No wonder they say: "Laziness is the mother of all vices." Resist the temptation to take a break from work on yourself, postpone what you have planned for another day, do not compromise with yourself. Let your "SHOULD" go into "WANT", "WANT" - into "CAN", and "CAN" - into BUSINESS. If you want a certain behavior to become a habit, practice this behavior day after day, systematically.
One of the components of self-education is self-hypnosis, i.e. instilling certain thoughts and states associated with them. People encounter self-hypnosis of varying strength and depth at every step: suppression of fear of obstacles, overcoming feelings of insecurity, struggle with extraneous desires that interfere with work - all this, to varying degrees, is the result of self-hypnosis. The mechanism of self-hypnosis is simple: "I feel good", "I am cheerful", "I am calm", etc. In self-hypnosis, the main role belongs to the word as a means of influencing the state of the body.
Words and phrases of self-hypnosis should be mentally pronounced in the first person and necessarily in an affirmative form, in an imperative tone. Moreover, the negative particle "not" in the verbal formulas is excluded.
With self-hypnosis, you cannot pronounce long monologues, but at the same time, each phrase in different variations must be repeated several times. Phrases should be short, pronounced slowly, with full focus on the subject of suggestion. While pronouncing each phrase of self-hypnosis, you need to vividly imagine, figuratively see what is being suggested. There is no need to rush: after each phrase of self-hypnosis, you need to vividly imagine, figuratively see what is being suggested. You should pause after each phrase.
Only by observing these rules, by systematically exercising, will you be able to master the skill of psychological self-regulation and by self-hypnosis to form the desired results in yourself.
I will give a formula for self-hypnosis of self-discipline and self-confidence, for example, before a serious, responsible event. The night before, before going to bed, and also in the morning after waking up, do the following self-hypnosis: "... I am calm ... I am completely calm ... I am ready for this day ... I am ready for this event ... All basic the moments are thought out ... I am collected and attentive ... I am able to concentrate on any issue ... I am well prepared for this event ... I believe in myself ... I believe in my capabilities ... Everything is fine ... I am calm..."
The principle is the same: do no harm Self-hypnosis is different: unconscious (passive) and conscious (active), useful and harmful. Facts are known when self-hypnosis chained a person to a hospital bed for a long time, made him disabled, and sometimes drove him to the grave. And on the contrary, in a number of cases, self-hypnosis helped to heal, to recover a person.
The breathing pattern also has a serious impact. Rhythmic, calm full breathing lowers the excitability not only of the respiratory center, but also of some other centers, for example, the emotional one. There is both direct and inverse relationship between breathing and the emotional state of a person.
For example, with excitement and strong emotional experiences, breathing is held back: it becomes intermittent, and vice versa, even breathing is characteristic of a person in a calm state. Conversely, the rhythm and depth of breathing can cause certain emotional states.
To calm down, relieve disturbing excitement, establish even and deep breathing. Remember to pause between inhalation and exhalation. This will relieve anxiety or significantly weaken it, and will help to focus.
Remember the laws of Rhythm!
All earthly processes proceed in a certain rhythm. So, for example, the lunar month, or the interval between full moons, is 29.53 days. At a certain rhythm, day and night alternate, ebb and flow. Rhythm is also inherent in biological processes - the repetition of this or that phenomenon at regular intervals. The human body has adapted to the rhythmic changes in the environment and has developed its own biological rhythm corresponding to these changes. In his work, both daily and seasonal, annual rhythms are observed. A certain rhythm also differs in the manifestation of a person's physical, emotional, intellectual activity.
Knowledge of this pattern is of great practical importance. Let me remind you that according to the existing opinion, positive and negative half-periods are distinguished in each cycle. The days of transition from positive to negative half-cycle and back are called zero, or critical, days. At this time, the activity of the main functions of the body is significantly reduced, which means that the person's working capacity also decreases. Sometimes the critical days of all three cycles (physical, intellectual, emotional activity of a person) or two of them coincide. It is on these days that people are most vulnerable and predisposed to diseases, less efficient.
One and a half hour cyclical changes in the activity of the organism's functioning were also found. This cycle lasts 90-100 minutes whether you are sleeping or working. And in each cycle, you can also distinguish the rise and fall of the intensity of functions. There are also diurnal biological rhythms. During the day, not only a cyclical change of sleep and wakefulness is observed, but also periods of increased emotional excitability, mood drops, as well as cyclical physiological changes, on which, for example, a person's susceptibility to drugs depends at different times of the day.
The weekly cycle of changes in the activity of the vital functions of the organism is also distinguished. During the weekly cycle, performance changes noticeably, and not only physical, but also mental.
Usually on Monday it is the lowest (it is no accident that they say: "Monday is a hard day," then it gradually increases, and on Friday and Saturday we observe a decline in working capacity. This means that the body needs rest.
So, all processes in the body proceed rhythmically. The rhythm is a kind of counter of the life and activity of the organism - its biological clock. You do not need to count these "hours", you need to use them for the purpose of psychological self-regulation.
Take care of your internal regime The biological rhythm is most clearly manifested in the change in the processes of sleep and wakefulness. If a person is accustomed to falling asleep at a strictly defined time, then regardless of the location at this time he will be tempted to sleep. But if, by a volitional effort, he systematically forces himself to work at this time, instead of sleeping, then his characteristic biological rhythm of life may be disrupted.
Over time, it will become more and more difficult to fall asleep, then irritability will appear, fatigue will increase, and ultimately illness may develop. If we consider the physical and mental activity of a person depending on the daily rhythm, then we can see a number of patterns.
First, from two to five in the morning and between 13 and 14 o'clock in the afternoon, a person is the weakest physically and intellectually. These data have been confirmed by many experiments.
It has been established that twice a day, the performance of the muscles of the heart decreases in a person: about thirteen hours and twenty one hours. Therefore, it is not recommended to do a lot of physical work at this time. Between two and four in the morning, a person's memory and attention activity decreases. At the same time, muscle strength decreases at this time. By 6 pm our body temperature is at its maximum, and between 1 am and 5 am it is the lowest.
Human biological rhythms have been developed over millions of years and are one of the forms of adaptation to the conditions of existence. Therefore, all sorts of "artificial failures", violations of habitual rhythms very often lead to overwork and the emergence of excessive stress in the body's systems, and sometimes to illness.
This is especially noticeable in violation of the daily rhythm of sleep and wakefulness.
At night, a person rests and accumulates energy reserves for the future day. As soon as he woke up, the biological rhythm "starts".
There is a simple rule: do not eat a lot at night - by the evening, the activity of the stomach is minimal, and at night it is almost zero. And in the morning, not only the stomach works well, but also the head. Therefore, an important decision is made in the morning.
The biological rhythm of sleep and wakefulness is most subject to our will and more strongly depends on social causes. Sleep saves a person from exhaustion. A person without food can live longer than without sleep. Sleep (rest) is especially necessary for the central nervous system.
And in conclusion, we would like to say that after reading this article, you will not immediately become attentive, collected, calm and determined. In order to learn how to control your psyche, you need time, simplified and systematic training. And we would like this article to help you seriously engage in self-education and teach you to manage yourself - to concentrate your desires and actions.
We wish you success in your self-improvement!
Vladimir Kulganov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Petr Yunatskevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (Military Space Engineering Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky, Lydia Kosolapova, Ekaterina Zaitseva (students of VPU N 8)
I am myself! "Each person should educate himself"
A person must learn to obey himself and obey his decisions.
CICERON So you've decided to do self-education! What is its essence and what are its tasks?
Self-education is a conscious, systematic work on oneself, it is aimed at the formation of such personality traits that meet the requirements of society and personal development.
Before embarking on this difficult work, you need to analyze your character traits, think about which ones need to be changed, which new qualities to cultivate in yourself. And only then can you set practical goals for self-improvement.
And there is the first obstacle, the first obstacle - laziness. No wonder they say: "Laziness is the mother of all vices." Resist the temptation to take a break from work on yourself, postpone what you have planned for another day, do not compromise with yourself. Let your "SHOULD" go into "WANT", "WANT" - into "CAN", and "CAN" - into BUSINESS. If you want a certain behavior to become a habit, practice this behavior day after day, systematically.
One of the components of self-education is self-hypnosis, i.e. instilling certain thoughts and states associated with them. People encounter self-hypnosis of varying strength and depth at every step: suppression of fear of obstacles, overcoming feelings of insecurity, struggle with extraneous desires that interfere with work - all this, to varying degrees, is the result of self-hypnosis. The mechanism of self-hypnosis is simple: "I feel good", "I am cheerful", "I am calm", etc. In self-hypnosis, the main role belongs to the word as a means of influencing the state of the body.
Words and phrases of self-hypnosis should be mentally pronounced in the first person and necessarily in an affirmative form, in an imperative tone. Moreover, the negative particle "not" in the verbal formulas is excluded.
With self-hypnosis, you cannot pronounce long monologues, but at the same time, each phrase in different variations must be repeated several times. Phrases should be short, pronounced slowly, with full focus on the subject of suggestion. While pronouncing each phrase of self-hypnosis, you need to vividly imagine, figuratively see what is being suggested. There is no need to rush: after each phrase of self-hypnosis, you need to vividly imagine, figuratively see what is being suggested. You should pause after each phrase.
Only by observing these rules, by systematically exercising, will you be able to master the skill of psychological self-regulation and by self-hypnosis to form the desired results in yourself.
I will give a formula for self-hypnosis of self-discipline and self-confidence, for example, before a serious, responsible event. The night before, before going to bed, and also in the morning after waking up, do the following self-hypnosis: ". I am calm. I am completely calm. I am ready for this day. I am ready for this event. All the main points are thought out. I am collected and attentive. I am able focus on any issue. I am well prepared for this event. I believe in myself. I believe in my capabilities. Everything is fine. I am calm. "
The principle is the same: do no harm. Self-hypnosis is different: unconscious (passive) and conscious (active), useful and harmful. Facts are known when self-hypnosis chained a person to a hospital bed for a long time, made him disabled, and sometimes drove him to the grave. And on the contrary, in a number of cases, self-hypnosis helped to heal, to recover a person.
The breathing pattern also has a serious impact. Rhythmic, calm full breathing lowers the excitability not only of the respiratory center, but also of some other centers, for example, the emotional one. There is both direct and inverse relationship between breathing and the emotional state of a person.
For example, with excitement and strong emotional experiences, breathing is held back: it becomes intermittent, and vice versa, even breathing is characteristic of a person in a calm state. Conversely, the rhythm and depth of breathing can cause certain emotional states.
To calm down, relieve disturbing excitement, establish even and deep breathing. Remember to pause between inhalation and exhalation. This will relieve anxiety or significantly weaken it, and will help to focus.
Remember the laws of Rhythm!
All earthly processes proceed in a certain rhythm. So, for example, the lunar month, or the interval between full moons, is 29.53 days. At a certain rhythm, day and night alternate, ebb and flow. Rhythm is also inherent in biological processes - the repetition of this or that phenomenon at regular intervals. The human body has adapted to the rhythmic changes in the environment and has developed its own biological rhythm corresponding to these changes. In his work, both daily and seasonal, annual rhythms are observed. A certain rhythm also differs in the manifestation of a person's physical, emotional, intellectual activity.
Knowledge of this pattern is of great practical importance. Let me remind you that according to the existing opinion, positive and negative half-periods are distinguished in each cycle. The days of transition from positive to negative half-cycle and back are called zero, or critical, days. At this time, the activity of the main functions of the body is significantly reduced, which means that the person's working capacity also decreases. Sometimes the critical days of all three cycles (physical, intellectual, emotional activity of a person) or two of them coincide. It is on these days that people are most vulnerable and predisposed to diseases, less efficient.
One and a half hour cyclical changes in the activity of the organism's functioning were also found. This cycle lasts 90-100 minutes whether you are sleeping or working. And in each cycle, you can also distinguish the rise and fall of the intensity of functions. There are also diurnal biological rhythms. During the day, not only a cyclical change of sleep and wakefulness is observed, but also periods of increased emotional excitability, mood drops, as well as cyclical physiological changes, on which, for example, a person's susceptibility to drugs depends at different times of the day.
The weekly cycle of changes in the activity of the vital functions of the organism is also distinguished. During the weekly cycle, performance changes noticeably, and not only physical, but also mental.
Usually on Monday it is the lowest (it is no accident that they say: "Monday is a hard day"), then it gradually increases, and on Friday and Saturday we observe a decline in working capacity. This means that the body needs rest.
So, all processes in the body proceed rhythmically. The rhythm is a kind of counter of the life and activity of the organism - its biological clock. You do not need to count these "hours", you need to use them for the purpose of psychological self-regulation.
Save your inner regime. The biological rhythm is most clearly manifested in the change in the processes of sleep and wakefulness. If a person is accustomed to falling asleep at a strictly defined time, then regardless of the location at this time he will be tempted to sleep. But if, by a volitional effort, he systematically forces himself to work at this time, instead of sleeping, then his characteristic biological rhythm of life may be disrupted.
Over time, it will become more and more difficult to fall asleep, then irritability will appear, fatigue will increase, and ultimately illness may develop. If we consider the physical and mental activity of a person depending on the daily rhythm, then we can see a number of patterns.
First, from two to five in the morning and between 13 and 14 o'clock in the afternoon, a person is the weakest physically and intellectually. These data have been confirmed by many experiments.
It has been established that twice a day, the performance of the heart muscles decreases in a person: about 13 hours and 21 hours. Therefore, it is not recommended to do a lot of physical work at this time.
Between two and four in the morning, a person's memory and attention activity decreases. At the same time, muscle strength decreases at this time. By 6 pm, our body temperature is at its maximum, and between 1 am and 5 am it is the lowest.
Human biological rhythms have been developed over millions of years and are one of the forms of adaptation to the conditions of existence. Therefore, all sorts of "artificial failures", violations of the usual rhythms very often lead to overwork and the emergence of excessive stress in the body's systems, and sometimes to illness.
This is especially noticeable in violation of the daily rhythm of sleep and wakefulness.
At night, a person rests and accumulates energy reserves for the future day. As soon as he woke up, the biological rhythm "starts".
There is a simple rule: do not eat a lot at night - by the evening, the activity of the stomach is minimal, and at night it is almost zero. And in the morning, not only the stomach works well, but also the head. Therefore, an important decision is made in the morning.
The biological rhythm of sleep and wakefulness is most subject to our will and more strongly depends on social causes. Sleep saves a person from exhaustion. A person without food can live longer than without sleep. Sleep (rest) is especially necessary for the central nervous system.
And in conclusion, we would like to say that after reading this article, you will not immediately become attentive, collected, calm and determined. In order to learn how to control your psyche, you need time, simplified and systematic training. And we would like this article to help you seriously engage in self-education and teach you to manage yourself - to concentrate your desires and actions.
We wish you success in your self-improvement!
Of course, a person can educate himself. I was 12 years old when I felt an urgent need to develop willpower - my laziness bothered me too much. Moreover, a person should engage in self-education, asking for help from God.
It's easier to imagine yourself as you want to see yourself. This will serve the purpose. Think about what you can do now. Predict how to behave in certain situations. This is a good foundation for further re-education. Change some settings in the brain that prevent you from seeing yourself from your best side, which limit the perception of the world.
When a person says that he is what he is and will not change, it’s not because of a big mind. Throughout life, a person educates himself, re-educates himself, changes, gets rid of bad habits, brings up new qualities in himself.
Anyone can educate themselves and make themselves stronger. To do this, you need to set a goal for yourself. And not just put, but you need to strive for it. And we must also understand that at first we set small goals and each time we must raise the bar.
Can. I need it myself target (the vision as he wants to see himself), vera in their strength and will... Without these three qualities, you cannot go far.
Maybe I know such people. But for self-education there must be strong motivation and will. You can develop self-discipline in yourself, the desire for a healthy lifestyle, force yourself to learn a foreign language, change your figure, go to fitness, but this should all have a goal: for a loved one, for a career, for children. True, there are very strong-willed people who, even when left alone and without motivation, begin to do something useful, accustom themselves to order and discipline, do everything on time, etc. But this is so difficult for me, for example. When the child was small, when I had to spin, I broke myself and inspired and forced to do what was necessary. Now I can’t. But if suddenly a goal, a motive appears, it will work out.
Of course, a person can be a rational creature. At first we were raised by mothers, fathers, grandmothers, grandfathers, kindergarten teachers, teachers or those who replaced them (guardians, nannies, tutors, etc.), but a person always strives for something more. With self-knowledge comes education. Experience and years do their job! We educate ourselves for many and many years, and when we see imperfection in ourselves, we begin to educate the people around us! Remember the grannies on the benches, the neighbors, just people in the minibuses.
Can. I didn't like being too shy, so I redesigned myself. True, at first she overdid it a little and turned from a shy girl into a cocky one)) I had to re-master modesty. So, I can say with confidence that a person is what he wants to be.
Of course, a person can educate himself - but for this he will need willpower, firstly, willpower in his own mind - in order to overcome and remove laziness, laziness in action, laziness to abandon his plan - this is the only way to start all your endeavors and achieve success. As they say - walking will master the road.
Any person, if he sets himself an appropriate goal, can fully educate himself, change his life in any direction ...
It doesn't take too much ...
3) be able to hear and be able to hear.
4) correctly determine the circle of communication and the circle of reading.
Of course we are talking about a person who already has his own opinion about this troubled world. For a person of 14, 17 years old, this will be a little more difficult. Since the opinion about certain events has not yet been confirmed by any own life experience. Personal judgment is still shaky, very often young people cannot separate the wheat from the chaff ...
But if a young man chooses the right literature for self-improvement, and if he is lucky and he finds an intelligent mentor, then he can correctly understand the intricacies of this not very nice world ...
Well, somewhere like that ...
I hope I've made my point clear ...
