Poem 12 block complete. How the image of the twelve Red Army men in poem A changes
The artistic and conceptual-semantic world of the poem "Twelve", written by A. Blok at the beginning of 1918, is immeasurably large, which allowed a number of researchers of the poet's work to perceive this work:
- The final for his entire literary path
- The embodiment of the author's symbolist worldview
- Text with multiple contextual relationships
Meanwhile, in order to analyze this particular Blok's work within the framework of the usual method of literary criticism, we will first consider its main theoretical positions on the plot, theme, genre, images and symbolism.
The history of the creation of "Twelve" and the poet's worldview
This work of fiction was written by Blok at the same time as the famous article. Because of this, sometimes a simplification or even an illusion may arise that "The Twelve" was created as a poetic illustration of the main ideas of the poet, proclaimed by him in his journalism. Of course, there is a certain semantic "roll call" between these two works, but the poem itself cannot be interpreted only in such a "design" plan. Let us recall that the poet's journalistic work was also special, Blok operated in it with the word not in its conceptual or terminological quality, but as an artistic cohesion of different meanings. Therefore, both in poetry and in journalism, he is characterized by the use of the associative and metaphorical principle.
It is well known that the poet accepted the revolution that took place in Russia - both February and October 1917 became both important and desirable events for Blok. This explanation is found in his special world-poetic and even historiosophical concept of understanding history, in which two categories occupied essential positions - elements and music.
Blok's concepts of "elements" and "music"
The poet put into the concept of "elements" a whole complex of categories and states - natural and cosmogonic, social and psycho-emotional, spiritual and historical. This category itself appeared in his lyrics long before the revolutionary events. Already in 1910, the poet was trying to divide and structure it according to the principles of ethics. This is how Blok has the next most important category for his work - music. The poet's concept is also ambiguous and voluminous. By its goal, Blok understands the organization and harmonization of all history and the universe. Of course, the category of "music" was introduced by the poet not in its art historical meaning, but in the sense
".. the mystical fundamental principle" of the world, the "primordial element" of all history (F. Stepun).
Therefore, in the poet's worldview, the revolution that happened in Russia was perceived as the birth of "new music", which Blok urged to listen to. That is, the “music of revolution” in the poem “The Twelve” is not just direct sounds of city noise with shots, shouts, songs, but the almost mystical sound of the wind (“world cyclone”, wind with “the smell of orange groves”, etc.) ... And the element of the revolutionary masses is the restoration of the law of morality in society, therefore it can be justified (and is justified by the poet). When the element of revolution is "fraught" with music, then all destruction is a creative act that leads to the further spiritualization of life. These conclusions from Blok's article allow us to understand exactly how the poet perceived the revolution itself - for him it was a balance of these two categories - music and elements.
Analysis of the poem "Twelve" - \u200b\u200btheme, images, genre and symbols
Time-space image
In Blok's poem, the city is simultaneously presented as the whole "light of God", that is, it has no topographic specifics. His:
- "Urban features" are buildings (they are mentioned only twice in the text)
- Social signs are markers of taverns, cellars
In the space of the poem "dominates" and the natural element - these are snowdrifts, ice, wind - whose task is to destroy the contours of the created by man, ie cities. In this way, the block brings a cosmogonic sound to the text, which is also "complemented" by color symbols. The poet's black and white are not specific objects, but cosmological phenomena:
- Time is "black evening"
- Precipitation - "white snow"
- The myth - "in a white corolla"
The function of light images here is to designate the light and shadow of the universe itself.
For the red light, Block leaves a "marking" of the energy of the explosion.
Time in "Twelve" does not have the usual linearity from the past to the future. Here they are not separated from each other, but are connected in the present, which pulsates from their interaction.
Time is also connected in the poem by means of the Red Army.
Images of the Red Army
Logically, these characters should express the future, but for Blok they remain “carriers of the old world”:
"There is a cigarette in your teeth, they will crush the cap, / On your back you need an ace of diamonds!"
The tasks of the characters include the "world fire", the destruction of the "invisible enemy", etc. That is, they are not a “new person” for the Bloc, but rather “old”. In the fellow travelers of the Red Army, a "lousy dog" is found, which is considered:
- The image of the "old world"
- The image of the shadow side of the whole universe (a dog - as a symbol of the devil)
Genre "Twelve"
Block defines the genre of The Twelve as a poem. But the work is not sustained in it as a lyric-epic text. Rather, it is obvious that there is a combination of fragments of different genres, the transitions between which are also not determined by specific tasks of aesthetics. The main characteristic of the genre decision can be called the divergence, through which the whole structure of the poem is organized:
- Lyrical digression - speech characteristics of the lyric hero
- Narrative - the speech of the narrator
- Dialogue, ditty, romance, soldier's song - the speech of the characters
To summarize, Blok needed such a genre heterogeneity to convey that very spontaneous state, the disorder of the universe and the premonition of its revolutionary renewal.
Poem composition
But Blok presents the creative possibilities of the element, its potential to be "balanced" by music in "The Twelve" in their compositional solution. The wholeness of the poem, so diverse in genres, gives the rhythm of the march. Its predominance over other textual intonations is felt as a general dominant. The marching rhythm is presented not by a separate subject, but by all participants in the work - from the narrator and the Red Army soldiers to the lyrical hero. We can say that this is how Blok "sounded" the element itself, showing its potential for self-organization in a creative act.
The plot of the poem
The plot structure in this work is very simple, although its "outlines", according to M. Voloshin, are "somewhat blurred." This critic and contemporary of Blok believed that the plot structure of the entire poem is not its essence. The main thing in it, he defined "waves of her lyrical moods" passing through the souls of its 12 main characters.
Meanwhile, the researchers of the work define the plot of the poem as the story of the hero Petrukha.
The poet in it realizes his understanding of the essence of a person who is on his way:
- is in the spontaneous stage (at first he is just an "old man")
- can respond to the challenge of the world (spiritual conflict)
- heed the rhythmic harmony of the universe (transform)
The Red Army man goes through these stages, making a detour around the night city.
- Petruha can feel this world only bodily. His attitude towards Katka is not inspired by anything. His perception of the world is egocentric. Having received an offense, he is puzzled by revenge. These are the actions of the "old man"
- A crime is committed, a woman for whom Petrukha had feelings is killed. The abuser is alive. The destructive impulse becomes a crime against the hero himself, i.e. self-destruction
- By the repentance that followed the murder, Petrukha is "reborn" - this process is presented by Blok as unambiguously creative. Moreover, the poet even singles out this character from the general group of the Red Army soldiers - Petrukha "lost" his rhythm, lost his "face" as a murderer, and then, having heeded the general "musicality", becomes part of the common "we".
- The anger leaves with the words of forgiveness - "prayer": "rest ..."
The image of Christ in the poem "The Twelve"
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Project
Poem "Twelve"
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
Comment
Head: Egorova G.M.
Russian language and literature teacher
Completed:
Varitskaya Zlata, Ermolenko Lidia,
Zvereva Ekaterina, Tereshchenko Diana - pupils of 11 "A" class
vladivostok
2015 year
Content
Project passport …………………………………………………………………………… 3
Poem ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 - 11
History of creation …………………………………………………………………………… 12
Plot ……………………………………………………………………………………… ... 12
Commentary on the poem ……………………………………………………………………… .13-19
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………… ...... 19
References ………………………………………………………………………… ..20
Project passport
Project title: analysis of the poem "The Twelve" by Alexander Alexandrovich Blok.
Project goals: to reveal the meaning of symbolic images, to understand the point of view of A.A. Blok with the help of the poem "The Twelve".
Academic Supervisor: Egorova Galina Mikhailovna - teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of the 1st category.
Consultant: Maksimova Galina Viktorovna - teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of the 1st category.
Project type: research.
Subject-content area: cultural (literary).
By the number of participants: group.
By time: short.
By the nature of contacts: within the class.
Project presentation form: abstract (commentary in the classroom).
Sources of information: textbooks, studies of the life and work of A. Blok, Internet resources.
Twelve
Black evening.
White snow.
Wind, wind!
No man is standing on his feet.
Wind, wind -
All over the world!
The wind curls
White snow.
There is ice under the snow.
Slippery, hard
Every walker
Slides - oh, poor thing!
From building to building
The rope is stretched.
On the rope - a poster:
The old woman is killed - crying
Doesn't understand in any way what it means
What is such a poster for
Such a huge flap?
How many footcloths would come out for the guys
And everyone - undressed, shoes ...
The old lady is like a chicken
Somehow I rewound over the snowdrift.
Oh, Mother Intercessor!
Oh, the Bolsheviks will drive you into the coffin!
The wind is whipping!
The frost is not far behind!
And the bourgeois at the crossroads
He hid his nose in the collar.
Who is this? - Long hair
Traitors!
Russia is lost!
Must have been a writer -
Vitia ...
And there is a long-skimmed one -
Aside and behind a snowdrift ...
What is not funny today,
Comrade pop?
Do you remember how it used to be
I walked forward with my belly
And shone with a cross
Belly for the people?
There is a lady in karakul
I turned up to another:
We were crying, crying ...
Slipped
And - bam - stretched out!
Ay, ay!
Pull, lift!
The wind is cheerful.
And angry and happy.
Twists the hem
Passers-by mows.
Tears, crumples and wears
Big poster:
"All power to the Constituent Assembly!"
And the words convey:
... And we had a meeting ...
... Here in this building ...
... Discussed -
Resolved:
At the time - ten, at night - twenty-five ...
... And don't take less from anyone ...
…Let's go to sleep…
Late evening.
The street is emptying.
One vagrant
Slouches,
Let the wind whistle ...
Hey poor fellow!
Come -
Let's kiss ...
Of bread!
What's ahead?
Come on in!
Black, black sky.
Malice, sad malice
Boils in my chest ...
Black malice, holy malice ...
Comrade! Look
Both!
The wind is blowing, the snow is fluttering.
Twelve people are walking.
Rifle black belts
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
In the teeth of a cigarette, they will crush the cap,
You need an ace of diamonds on your back!
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Tra-ta-ta!
It's cold, comrades, it's cold!
- And Vanka and Katka in the tavern ...
- She has kerens in a stocking!
- Vanyushka himself is now rich ...
- Vanka was ours, but he became a soldier!
- Well, Vanka, son of a bitch, bourgeois,
My, try, kiss!
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Katka and Vanka are busy -
What, what are you doing? ..
Tra-ta-ta!
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
Shrug off - rifle belts ...
Revolutionary keep pace!
Restless enemy does not sleep!
Let's fire a bullet into Holy Russia -
Into the condo,
To the hut,
Into the fat ass!
Eh, eh, without a cross!
How did our guys go?
To serve in the Red Army -
To serve in the Red Army -
Lay down the riot!
Eh you, grief-bitter,
Sweet life!
Torn coat,
Austrian gun!
We are on the mountain to all bourgeois
Let's fan the world fire
World blood fire
God bless!
The snow is twisting, the reckless driver is screaming
Roly with Katka is flying -
Electric flashlight
On shafts ...
Oh, oh, go down!
N in a soldier's overcoat
With a stupid face
Twists, twists a black mustache,
Yes twists
Yes, joking ...
That's how Vanka - he is broad-shouldered!
That's how Vanka is - he is eloquent!
Katka-fool hugs
Speaks ...
I threw back my face
Teeth sparkle with pearls ...
Oh you, Katya, my Katya,
Fat-faced ...
On your neck, Katya,
The scar did not heal from the knife.
Under your breasts, Katya,
That scratch is fresh!
Eh, eh, dance!
It hurts the legs are good!
I walked in lace underwear -
Come on, come on!
Fornicated with officers -
Wander, wander!
Eh, eh, wander!
My heart skipped a beat in my chest!
Do you remember, Katya, the officer -
He did not get away from the knife ...
Al didn't remember, cholera?
Ali's memory is not fresh?
Eh, eh, refresh
Put to sleep with you!
I wore gray leggings,
The Minion ate chocolate.
I went for a walk with the cadets -
Have you gone with the soldier now?
Eh, eh, sin!
It will be easier for the soul!
…Again the gallop rushes towards,
The reckless driver is flying, screaming, screaming ...
Stop, stop! Andryukha, help!
Petruha, run from behind! ..
Fuck-tararah-tah-tah-tah-tah!
Snowy dust swirled up to the sky! ..
The daredevil - and with Vanka - run away ...
One more time! Cock the hammer! ..
Fuck, fuck! You will know
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to walk with a stranger girl! ..
Leaked, scoundrel! Wait, wait
I'll deal with you tomorrow!
And where is Katka? - Dead, dead!
Shot through head!
What, Katka, is you glad? - No gu-gu ...
You lie, carrion, in the snow!
Revolutionary keep pace!
Restless enemy does not sleep!
And again there are twelve,
Behind him is a gun.
Only the poor killer
Not to see a face at all ...
Faster and faster
Drops a step.
I wrapped my scarf around my neck -
Will not recover in any way ...
What, comrade, are you not cheerful?
What, my friend, was dumbfounded?
What, Petruha, hung up his nose,
Or did you feel sorry for Katka?
Oh, comrades, relatives,
I loved this girl ...
The nights are black, intoxicating
I spent with this girl ...
Because of the prowess of the trouble
In her fiery eyes
Because of the crimson mole
Near the right shoulder,
I ruined, stupid,
I ruined it in the heat of the moment ... ah!
Look, you bitch, started a hurdy-gurdy,
What are you, Petka, woman, eh?
True soul inside out
Have you thought of turning it out? Please!
Maintain your posture!
Keep control over yourself!
It's not such a time
To babysit you!
The burden will be heavier
To us, dear comrade!
And Petruha slows down
Hasty steps ...
He throws up his head,
He cheered up again ...
Eh, eh!
Having fun is not a sin!
Lock the floors
There will be robberies today!
Open the cellars -
Nowadays there is a lot of people walking around!
Oh, you grief-bitter!
Boredom is boring
Mortal!
I’m already
I will, I will ...
I’m a little bit
I will scratch, I will scratch ...
I'm a seed
I’m half-flying, half-flying ...
I’m with a knife
Strip, strip! ..
You fly, bourgeois, like a sparrow!
I'll drink some blood
For the sweetheart
Chernobrovushka ...
Rest in peace, Lord, the soul of your slave ...
Boring!
I can't hear the city noise
There is silence over the Neva tower
And there is no more the policeman -
Walk, guys, no wine!
There is a bourgeois at the crossroads
And hid his nose in the collar.
And next to it, it clings to hard wool
Lousy dog \u200b\u200bwith its tail between its legs.
The bourgeois stands like a hungry dog,
And the old world, like a rootless dog,
Something blizzard broke out,
Oh, blizzard, oh, blizzard!
Not to see each other at all
In four steps!
Snow curled like a funnel,
Snow rose like a column ...
Oh, what a blizzard, save me!
Petka! Hey, don't lie!
What saved you from
Golden iconostasis?
You are unconscious, right,
Think, think sensibly -
Ali's hands are not bloody
Because of Katka's love?
Take a revolutionary step!
The restless enemy is near!
Forward, forward, forward,
Working people!
... And they walk without a saint's name
All twelve are in the distance.
Ready for anything
It's not a pity ...
Their rifles are steel
On the invisible enemy ...
Into the back alleys
Where one blizzard is dusting ...
Yes in downy snowdrifts -
You won't drag your boot ...
Beats in the eyes
Red flag.
Is distributed
Measured step.
Here - will wake up
Fierce enemy ...
And the blizzard is dusting in their eyes
Days and nights
All the way ...
Go-go,
Working people!
…They walk in the distance with a sovereign step ...
- Who else is there? Come out!
This is the wind with a red flag
Played out ahead ...
Ahead - a cold snowdrift.
- Who's in the snow - come out!
Only a hungry beggar dog
Waddles behind ...
- Get off you, you mangy,
I'll tickle with a bayonet!
The old world is like a lousy dog
Fail - I will beat!
…Gritting teeth - the wolf is hungry -
The tail is tucked in - does not lag behind -
A cold dog is a rootless dog ...
- Hey, who's coming?
- Who is there waving the red flag?
- Look closely, what a darkness!
- Who walks there with a quick step,
Burying behind all the houses?
- Anyway, I'll get you
You better surrender to me alive!
- Hey comrade, it will be bad
Come out, let's start shooting!
Fuck-tah-tah! - And only an echo
Responsive in homes ...
Only a blizzard with a long laugh
Fills in the snow ...
Fuck-tah-tah!
Fuck-tah-tah!
…So they walk with a sovereign step -
Behind is a hungry dog.
Ahead - with a bloody flag,
And invisible behind the blizzard
And unharmed from the bullet
With a gentle gait,
Snowy pearl,
In a white corolla of roses -
Ahead is Jesus Christ.
January 1918
The history of the creation of the poem "Twelve"
The poem was written by A. Blok in January 1918, almost a year after the February Revolution, and just two months after the October Revolution.
The poem was composed in a single spirit, in post-revolutionary Petrograd, frozen from the cold, in a state of some semi-conscious feverish rise, in just a few days, and it took only one month to finalize it. It is necessary to have a very good idea of \u200b\u200bthe setting in which this work was created, which is absolutely necessary both for Blok and for all Russian poetry. Only two months after the Bolshevik coup, less than a year after the general euphoria of the democratic February revolution ... A sharp uplift and at the same time - fatigue after two years spent at the front, piercing winter cold and the beginning of devastation, reprisals and robberies on the streets of the capital, and anxiety before the German troops advancing on Petrograd.
Blok said that he began to write "twelve" from the middle, with the words: "I'll slash with a knife, slash! " then he went to the beginning and with one spirit wrote the first eight songs of the poem. Numerical symbolism also originated from the very beginning. The fact that the Red Guard patrols actually consisted of 12 people is evidenced by both documents and memoirs (in particular, the book by John Reed). The draft of the poem contains Blok's note: “Twelve (man and poems) ".
On March 3, according to the new style, the poem "The Twelve" was published, which is indicative, in the Socialist Revolutionary newspaper "Znamya Truda", and in May it was first published as a separate book. Here is what Yuri Annenkov, the first illustrator of the poem "The Twelve", wrote about the subtle inner mood of Blok, who communicated very closely with the poet in this very year:In 1917-18, Blok was undoubtedly captured by the spontaneous side of the revolution. "World Fire" seemed to him a goal, not a stage. The world fire was not even a symbol of destruction for Blok: it was a “world orchestra of the people's soul”. Street lynching seemed to him more justified than a trial. "Hurricane, constant companion of coups." And again, and always - Music. "Music" with a capital letter. “Those who are filled with music will hear the sigh of the universal soul, if not today, then tomorrow,” Blok said back in 1919. In 1917, Blok thought he heard it. In 1918, repeating that "the spirit is music," Blok said that "the revolution is music that one who has ears must hear," and assured the intelligentsia: "With all your body, with all your mind - listen to the revolution." This phrase was the same age as the poem "The Twelve".
The history of the poem "The Twelve" was accompanied by grandiose events, which soon came to naught. After the noise of the revolution, an ominous silence ensued for Blok. He practically did not write poems, many of his ideas remained unrealized. Rumor has it that before his death in delirium, he wished that his main creation, the poem "The Twelve", was set on fire. The history of creation and Blok's enthusiasm for the work on the work somewhat contradicts this fact. Just like the eyewitness accounts of the poet's departure to a better world.
The plot of the poem "Twelve"
"Twelve" is an epic poem that reflects pictures of reality and looks more like a kaleidoscope.
The plot can be defined as two-layer - external, everyday: sketches from Petrograd streets, and internal: motivation, justification of the actions of the "twelve".
The poem begins with a description of the city panorama, with a symbolic landscape, as if painted in black and white:
Black evening.
White snow.
Wind, wind!
No man is standing on his feet.
Wind, wind -
All over the world!
Blok perceived the revolution as an element that is raging, regardless of people; only the strong can survive in it. The poet is characterized by the universal scale of vision: the defenseless figure of a man lost in a whirlwind of a blizzard. Contrasting colors symbolize the old and the new worlds, the tragic change of eras, the disappearance of the entire old world in a blizzard together with its inhabitants: an old woman, a decadent poet, a bourgeois, a priest, girls from a brothel. Their voices are heard as if from a "blizzard". In the poem, a cold wind, a blizzard, a blizzard sweep away all the dirt of the old, clearing the world for the new, unknown.
The image of the twelve Red Guards appears in the second chapter. They walk in blizzards, and their very movement forward means the coming changes. The symbolic images of the crossroads, bourgeois at the crossroads, "lousy dog" mean Russia at a crossroads, a confused person trying to hide from frightening changes. The poet is trying to figure out what the revolution brings with it: renewal or darkness and cruelty.
One of the key points in the poem is Katka's murder. The author sees the rampant dark forces in the new reality. The Red Guards and Petrukha are shown by people from the lower classes with the Ural robbery principle, it is not for nothing that the "ace of diamonds" is mentioned - the sign of a convict. Depicting the Red Guards, Blok uses a combination of high style with low, rude vocabulary.
Petka kills Katka, who betrayed him and suffers from this. But the hero's personal experiences are irrelevant in the days of great change. Comrades admonish Petka:
- It's not such a time now,
To babysit you!
The burden will be heavier
To us, dear comrade!
Petruha overcomes "unnecessary" feelings and walks with everyone, typing a step. They"Ready for everything, nothing is a pity", they"They go without the name of the saint." But suddenly in front of the detachment of the Red Guards appears"In a white corolla of roses" Jesus Christ.
He is holding a red flag, which turns bloody at the end of the poem. Blok understood that the path to a new life would not be complete without bloodshed. But the poet could not explain where this image came from in his poem. Christ"Invisible behind the blizzard" he is ahead of the time when the revolution took place. Blok believed that Christ carries"Holy banner" and revolutionaries feel for the whole world"Holy malice." In the poem, the image of Christ is given as a high moral ideal to which one must strive. The poet believed that people will find the way to goodness and beauty.
Block said that "Twelve" will remain the best he has written because, creating them, he was entirely living in modernity. Never before has the soul of a poet been so susceptible to the storms and thunderstorms of history. In Blok's words, the "Twelve" concentrated in themselves all the power of electricity, with which the air of October was oversaturated.
Living in modern times, the poet, with the greatest freedom and unheard of courage, created the most modern and completely original work. There was nothing of the kind in Russian poetry.
Commentary on the poem
In "Twelve" - \u200b\u200bin the symbolism of the poem, in its imagery, composition, rhythm, language, in the entire artistic structure - Blok's perception and understanding of the October Revolution is embodied in its entirety and integrity.
The poem consistently uses an artistic technique based on the effect of contrast. Thanks to such an indissoluble unity of two intersecting planes, the integrity of the poem is preserved.
Chapter 1. The author uses contrast in the plot of the poem:
Black evening.
White snow.
Wind, wind!
"Evening", "snow", "wind" - these are symbols that express the confrontation of the elements."Black White". Two colors dominate, there are no halftones. Contrast coloration - defines the entire structure of the poem. The feeling of the poet is determined through color.
No man is standing on his feet.
Wind, wind -
All over the world!
Everything sweeps away in its path"wind". A global storm is raging across the universe. Two worlds are in conflict - the old one ("black color ) and new ("White color ). The poet hated the world of the well-fed, this world is defeated. The old world is given in many ways: it is depicted satirically.
Its representatives are the following heroes:"An old woman is like a chicken", "a bourgeois at the crossroads", "a writer-vitia", "comrade pop", "a lady in karakul".
And the words convey:
…And we had a meeting ...
…Here in this building ...
…Discussed -
Resolved:
At the time - ten, at night - twenty-five ...
…And less - do not take from anyone ...
…Let's go to sleep…
A discordant hum is heard: the heroes of the poem are different people. Poster"All power to the Constituent Assembly." The symbols used in the poem should divert people's attention from the key events of the unmanifest government with empty statements and pretentious gatherings.
Chapter 2. In the second chapter, the main symbol of the revolution appears:
The wind is blowing, the snow is fluttering.
Twelve people are walking.
It is said cheerfully, energetically,"The wind is walking, the snow is fluttering", and by this twelve the blizzard is not terrible, not dangerous. They are in it as in their native element - and do not slip or fall, but only go forward to their goal.
The Twelve are the working class, the common people, they are the heroes of the new era and the defenders of the revolution. 12 - defenders of the "new world". According to the memoirs of Blok's contemporaries, each of the patrol consisted of 12 people.
Rifle black belts,
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
“Lights” are a destructive force, a force of revolution.
There is a gypsy in the teeth, they will crumple the cap,
On your back you need an ace of diamonds!
"Ace of diamonds" is a metaphor, a terrible sign of a convict.
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Tra - that - that!
Such were the Red Guards seemed to the frightened bourgeoisie. The block gives a collective, collective image. In the first moment of freedom, people show their worst qualities: they are often destroyers, commit immoral acts.
But in the same chapter several more heroes characteristic of the revolution appear:
- And Vanka and Katka are in a tavern ...
- She has kerenki in a stocking!
"Kerenki" - paper money issued by the Provisional Government (1917, Russia)
- Vanyushka himself is now rich ...
- Vanka was ours, but he became a soldier!
- Well, Vanka, son of a bitch, bourgeois,
My, try, kiss!
Blok does not poeticize his heroes, but shows them as they are. The poet is alien to the hero's bourgeoisie, Vanyushka changed the revolution.
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
…………………….
Tra-ta-ta!
Covers an intoxicating sense of permissiveness. This path leads to a dead end. Violation of all moral norms: refusal of obligations, laws, responsibility.
Comrade, hold the rifle, don't be afraid!
Let's fire a bullet into Holy Russia-
Into the condo,
To the hut,
Into the fat ass!
Chapter 3. In the third chapter, the cleansing power of the revolution is visible, which sweeps away everything in its path:
We are on the mountain to all bourgeois
Let's fan the world fire
World blood fire
Lord bless!
The revolution had one main task - to fan the fire.
Chapter 4. In the fourth chapter, the poem's central conflict emerges: the love triangle: Katka - Vanka - Petrukha. The author of the poem mocks his hero, who changed the revolution:
He is in a soldier's overcoat
With a stupid face
Twists, twists a black mustache,
Yes twists
Yes, joking ...
That's how Vanka - he is broad-shouldered!
That's how Vanka is - he is eloquent!
Katka-fool hugs
Speaks ...
"Katka" is the embodiment of life, the heroine bursts into the poem as a color contrast:
I threw back my face
Teeth sparkle with pearls ...
Oh you, Katya, my Katya,
Fat-faced ...
Katya is the embodiment of not only life, but also a passionate beginning. She amazes the reader with her truth. This is reality itself.
Chapters 5.6. Further, in the fifth and sixth chapters, the resolution of the contradictions in the relations between these heroes follows, as well as the semantic "knot" of the composition of the poem: the murder of Katya, who plays one of the key roles in the poem. A suspicion creeps in that the poem is not so much about a “simple Russian woman” and her finding “such an end”. In relation to Katya, Blok uses the epithet"Plump" in relation to Russia -"Fat-ass". These trails are undoubtedly related, if only because they are of the same root. In the same way, the images characterized by them are connected. Confirmation of this can be found in the relationship of the poem with history.
Turning to history, we note that one of the most famous rulers of Russia, Catherine 11. This woman became famous for her huge number of favorites and a great contribution to the strengthening of serfdom, a vivid example of the embodiment of the image of Katka from the poem. The empress did not particularly stand on ceremony in the choice of men and at times preferred not to look at the estates, and the heroine from the poem:
Fornicated with officers -
Wander, wander!
I went for a walk with the cadets -
Have you gone with the soldier now?
Eh, eh, sin!
It will be easier for the soul!
The empress can be viewed as a symbol of Russian statehood, and then the behavior of Blok's Katya can be viewed as an allegorical description of the country's foreign policy. If we apply the interpretation of Katka's image as the personification of the state system, then the lines:
I wore gray leggings,
Mignon ate chocolate ...
can be explained as a description of the state of this system. Neither"gaiters", nor"Mignon chocolate" products of Russian industry are not. At the beginningXX century, as now, most of the goods for the use of a wealthy minority were imported from abroad. That is, the state economy was not sustainable, as it could not provide all its citizens with domestic products. But moreover, the state's unpretentiousness in the choice of world allies (like Blok's Katka in choosing partners) is due precisely to the fact that the Russian economy and the well-being of its citizens depended on the goodwill of the allies to export their goods. The Empress can be seen as a symbol of Russian statehood, against which the twelve patrolmen, led by Christ, stood up.
By killing Katka, Blok demonstrates the impunity and omnipotence of the blind revolutionary will. This interpretation of the murder of Katka is explained by the spiritual work of the Bloc in connection with the events of the revolution, his attitude to the world at the beginning of 1918. The murder of Katka in the figurative fabric of the poem goes beyond the relationship between the lumpen and the prostitute and becomes a symbol denoting the madness and meaninglessness of the new world. Do not be Katka's murder, be in the poem only scraps, scraps of a picture of a snow-covered city (anticipating plotless sketches of the "new" literature), along which the detachment is marching. The bloc would only be able to show the form, the outer side of the revolution. Blok, despite the fact that he depicts reality in new, more adequate forms for this reality (fragmentary, contrast, specific lexical means) penetrates into the essence of the revolution and shows its main contradiction, which many writers of the 1920s will talk about - opposition high ideal and dirty means of its movement.
Despite the grave crime that Petrukha committed, for Blok, the heir to the humanism of Russian literatureX1 X century, the "poor killer" Petka is a suffering, loving person, and not a wild beast, a robber. The poet writes with indignation: “... The best people say:“We are disappointed in our people”; the best people sneer, scoff, get spiteful, see nothing around but rudeness and atrocity (and the man is here, next to him) .. "
But - and this is even more important - both Petrukha and the Red Guards for Blok - the first poet of the Soviet era - are not just suffering "poor" people, but rebellious fighters, revolutionary heroes, fearlessly and sacrificially going to the battle for a new life. And immediately after the harshest words addressed by Petrukha to the dead Katya:"You lie, carrion in the snow! .." - sounds like a reminder-call-to-action chased slogan:"Revolutionary keep your step!"
Chapter 7. Vanka is now a murderer, but not a simple one, but "poor." A common occurrence that occurs during the period of the elements. The worst crime is that a person has not learned to restrain himself.
Chapter seven reflects the bitterest and highest farewell. Petrukha's recollection of Katka is vivid, trembling; his words are some of the most heartfelt in Blok's love lyrics in general:
- Oh, comrades, relatives,
I loved this girl ...
Petruha is scared of what she has done. He loved her, and that was the tragedy. Petruha's selfishness is his own punishment.
Eh, eh!
Having fun is not a sin!
Lock the floors
There will be robberies today!
Open the cellars -
Nowadays there is a lot of people walking around!
Everything is mixed in souls 12. They are the personification of the masses: everything is allowed to them. The worst crime"Scary world" in the fact that he did not teach a person to realize his powers in a different way.
Chapter 8. Scorched space. Separation from everyone. You have to get used to your God-forsakenness.
I’m already
I will, I will ...
Those for whom nothing is sacred come out. Petersburg is buried under a layer of seeds:
I'm a seed
I’m half-flying, half-flying ...
The soldier's dismissively boorish face. It is illogical and completely irrational. The prayer is pronounced quite mechanically:
Rest, Lord, the soul of your slave ...
Boring!
According to Blok, the merit of the "new" world will be that it will help a person to express himself in a different way than Petrukha.
Chapter 9. There is nothing. Beginning and despondency. We were drunk without wine, when the time changed, people and attitude towards the state:
There is silence over the Neva tower
And there is no more the policeman -
Walk, guys, until the morning!
Block glorifies the new world:
The bourgeois stands like a hungry dog,
Stands as silent as a question.
And the old world, like a rootless dog,
Stands behind him, tail between his legs.
"Lousy dog", "hungry dog" - it is the personification of the past, passing away.
Chapter 10.
Snow curled like a funnel,
Snow rose like a column ...
-Oh, what a blizzard, save me!
- Petka! Hey, don't lie!
What saved you from
Golden iconostasis?
You are unconscious, right,
Think, think sensibly -
Ali's hands are not bloody
Because of Katka's love?
It turns out that they did it deliberately. Katka is a remedy. Now these people, tied in blood, are like-minded people.
Any blind submission is lack of freedom, a manifestation of savagery, cruelty and revenge. For the Bloc, Twelve are people fighting for a “bright future”.
Chapter 11. The private falls back on the public. 12 - victims of the old world, but at the same time its enemies.
…And go without a saint's name
All twelve are in the distance.
Ready for anything
It's not a pity ...
………………………..
Beats in the eyes
Red flag.
The "red flag" is a symbol of the future. The chapter finale talks about the confrontation between the elements and people.
And the blizzard is dusting in their eyes
Days and nights
All the way ...
Go-go,
Working people!
Chapter 12. There is no return of the past, but the old world does not want to retreat:
Only a beggar dog is hungry
Waddles behind ...
"Dog" is a collective image of the past. The symbols of the old world areblizzard, shadow.
In the finale of the poem, a collective image of the moral principle is given.
…So they walk with a sovereign step,
Behind is a hungry dog
Ahead - with a bloody flag,
And invisible behind the blizzard
And unharmed from the bullet
With a gentle gait,
Snowy pearl,
In a white corolla of roses -
Ahead is Jesus Christ.
Some believe that Jesus Christ is the image of a Man devoid of egoistic principles, unselfish. (See spelling of the hero's name). Others suggest the name is used for rhyme:"Dog, roses, Christ." Blok himself said: "I myself sometimes deeply hate this feminine ghost." It should be remembered that"White corolla of roses" symbolizes the sign of death.
The final stanza contains many contradictions, for example:
Ahead - with a bloody flag
……………………………………..
In a white corolla of roses ...
Blok himself stated: "I see angel wings behind my shoulders in every Red Guard."
Many believe that Christ is, as it were, lifted above everyday life and above events. He is the embodiment of harmony and simplicity, which Blok's heroes subconsciously yearn for. In the finale of the poem, everything is enlarged, has a frankly conditional character. This is the merged image of the "twelve", and the emerging images of the bourgeois and the hungry dog, and the image of Christ crowning the poem. There are no names here, all remarks consist of the most general words or rhetorical questions.
Conclusion
The poem "The Twelve" is not formally included in Blok's "trilogy", but connected with it by many threads, it became a new and highest stage of his creative path. "... The poem was written in that exceptional and always short time when a sweeping revolutionary cyclone produces a storm in all seas - nature, life and art." This "storm in all seas" found its expression in the poem. All of its action unfolds against the backdrop of cleared natural elements. But the basis of the content of this work is a "storm" in the sea of \u200b\u200blife.
The poem "The Twelve" is truly a genius creation, because Blok, contrary to his plan, to praise the Great October and bless him in the name of Jesus Christ; managed to show the horror, and cruelty, and the absurdity of everything that was happening before his eyes in January 1918, a little over two months after the fatal salvo of the Aurora.
Everything in the poem seems extraordinary: the world is intertwined with the everyday; revolution with grotesque; hymn with a ditty; The "vulgar" plot, taken as if from the chronicle of newspaper incidents, ends with a majestic apotheosis; the unheard of "rudeness" of the vocabulary enters into a complex relationship with the finest verbal and musical constructions.
The poem is full of symbolic images. This and the images"Evening", "wind", "snow" , symbolizing revolutionary changes in Russia, which no one is given to either restrain or stop; and a generalized image of the old, outgoing, obsolete world; and images of the Red Guards - defenders of a new life; and the image of Christ as a symbol of the new world, bringing moral purification to humanity, the age-old ideals of humanism, as a symbol of justice, which finds its highest expression in the revolutionary aspirations and deeds of the people, as a symbol of the sacredness of the cause of the revolution. Even the use of color and musical rhythm is symbolic for Blok.
All the symbols of the poem have their immediate meaning, but together they not only create a complete picture of the post-revolutionary days, but also help to understand the author's feelings, his sense of contemporary reality, his attitude to what is happening. After all, the poem "The Twelve" - \u200b\u200bfor all the tragedy of its plot - is permeated with an unbreakable faith in the great and wonderful future of Russia, which "infected all mankind with its health" (as the poet himself said), with faith in the enormous, immeasurable forces of her people, which were fettered, squeezed into a "useless knot", and now they amazed the whole world with their scope and indestructible creative power.
The poem is striking with such an inner breadth, as if the whole raging raging, just breaking the centuries-old fetters, washed in blood, Russia was contained on its pages - with its aspirations, meditations, heroic impulses into the boundless distance, and Russia is a storm, Russia is a revolution, Russia is a new hope of all mankind - this is the main symbolic image of Blok, whose greatness attaches such great importance to his October poem.
List of references
Block A. Poems. Poems / A.A. Blok - M .: Soviet writer, 1982-506 p.
L.K. Dolgopolov. A. Blok. - Leningrad branch, 1980
Orlov V.N. Gamayun: Blok's Life: In 2 vols. Book. 2. - M .: TERRA, 1997 .-- 336 p. - (Portraits).
Internet resource:https:// ru. // Wikipedia/ org/ wiki/ Twelve (poem).
Internet resource:http:// haiienna. narod. ru/ blok 12 analiz. Html.
Black evening.
White snow.
Wind, wind!
No man is standing on his feet.
Wind, wind
All over the world!
The wind curls
White snow.
There is ice under the snow.
Slippery, hard
Every walker
Glides - ah, poor thing!
From building to building
The rope is stretched.
On the rope - a poster:
"All power to the Constituent Assembly!"
The old woman is killed - crying
Doesn't understand in any way what it means
What is such a poster for
Such a huge flap?
How many footcloths would come out for the guys
And everyone is undressed, undressed ...
The old lady is like a chicken
Somehow I rewound over the snowdrift.
- Oh, Mother Intercessor!
- Oh, the Bolsheviks will drive you into the coffin!
The wind is biting!
The frost is not far behind!
And the bourgeois at the crossroads
He hid his nose in the collar.
And who is this? - Long hair
And he says in an undertone:
- Traitors!
- Russia is lost! -
Must have been a writer -
Vitia ...
And there is a long-skimmed one -
Aside - behind a snowdrift ...
What's not fun now
Comrade pop?
Do you remember how it used to be
I walked forward with my belly
And shone with a cross
Belly for the people? ..
There is a lady in karakul
I turned up to another:
- We cried, cried ...
Slipped
And - bam - stretched out!
Ay, ay!
Pull, lift!
The wind is cheerful
And angry and happy.
Twists the hem
Passers-by kosit,
Tears, crumples and wears
Big poster:
"All power to the Constituent Assembly" ...
And the words convey:
And we had a meeting ...
... Here in this building ...
... Discussed -
Resolved:
For a time - ten, for 'night - twenty-five ...
... And less - do not take from anyone ...
...Let's go to sleep...
Late evening.
The street is emptying.
One vagrant
Slouches,
Let the wind whistle ...
Hey poor fellow!
Come -
Let's kiss ...
Of bread!
What's ahead?
Come on in!
Black, black sky.
Malice, sad malice
Boils in my chest ...
Black malice, holy malice ...
Comrade! Look
Both!
2
The wind is blowing, the snow is fluttering.Twelve people are walking.
Rifle black belts,
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
There is a gypsy in the teeth, they will crush the cap,
On your back you need an ace of diamonds!
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Tra-ta-ta!
It's cold, comrade, it's cold!
- And Vanka and Katka are in a tavern ...
- She has kerenki in a stocking!
- Vanyushka himself is now rich ...
- Vanka was ours, but he became a soldier!
- Well, Vanka, son of a bitch, bourgeois,
My, try, kiss!
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Katka and Vanka are busy -
What, what are you doing? ..
Tra-ta-ta!
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
Shrug off - rifle straps ...
Revolutionary keep pace!
Restless enemy does not sleep!
Comrade, hold the rifle, don't be afraid!
Let's fire a bullet into Holy Russia -
Into the kondova,
To the hut,
Into the fat ass!
Eh, eh, without a cross!
3
How did our guys go?To serve in the red guard -
To serve in the red guard -
Lay down the riot!
Eh you, grief-bitter,
Sweet life!
Torn coat,
Austrian gun!
We are on the mountain to all bourgeois
Let's fan the world fire
World blood fire
Lord bless!
4
The snow is twisting, the reckless driver is screamingRoly with Katka is flying -
Electric flashlight
On shafts ...
Oh, oh, go down! ..
He is in a soldier's overcoat
With a stupid face
Twists, twists a black mustache,
Yes twists
Yes, joking ...
That's how Vanka - he is broad-shouldered!
That's how Vanka is - he is eloquent!
Katka-fool hugs
Speaks ...
I threw back my face
Teeth sparkle with pearls ...
Oh you, Katya, my Katya,
Fat-faced ...
5
On your neck, Katya,The scar did not heal from the knife.
Under your breasts, Katya,
That scratch is fresh!
Eh, eh, dance!
It hurts the legs are good!
I walked in lace underwear -
Come on, come on!
Fornicated with officers -
Wander, wander!
Eh, eh, wander!
My heart skipped a beat in my chest!
Do you remember, Katya, the officer -
He did not get away from the knife ...
Al didn't remember, cholera?
Ali's memory is not fresh?
Eh, eh, refresh
Put to sleep with you!
I wore gray leggings,
Minion ate chocolate
I went for a walk with the cadets -
Have you gone with the soldier now?
Eh, eh, sin!
It will be easier for the soul!
6
... Again galloping towards meeting,The reckless driver flies, screams, screams ...
Stop, stop! Andryukha, help!
Petruha, run from behind! ..
Fuck-tararah-tah-tah-tah-tah!
Snowy dust swirled up to the sky! ..
The daredevil - and with Vanka - run away ...
One more time! Cock the hammer! ..
Fuck, fuck! You will know
. . . . . . . . . . .
How to walk with a stranger girl! ..
Leaked, scoundrel! Wait, wait
I'll deal with you tomorrow!
And where is Katka? - Dead, dead!
Shot through head!
What, Katka, are you glad? - No gu-gu ...
You lie, carrion, in the snow! ..
Revolutionary keep pace!
Restless enemy does not sleep!
7
And again there are twelve,Behind him is a rifle.
Only the poor killer
Not to see a face at all ...
Faster and faster
Drops a step.
I wrapped my scarf around my neck -
There is no way to recover ...
- What, comrade, are you not cheerful?
- What, my friend, was taken aback?
- What, Petruha, hung up his nose,
Or did you feel sorry for Katka?
- Oh, comrade, relatives,
I loved this girl ...
The nights are black, intoxicating
I spent with this girl ...
- Because of the prowess of the trouble
In her fiery eyes,
Because of the crimson springs
Near the right shoulder,
I ruined, stupid,
I ruined it in the heat of the moment ... ah!
- Look, you bitch, started a barrel organ,
What are you, Petka, woman, eh?
- Right, soul inside out
Have you thought of turning it out? Please!
- Maintain your posture!
- Keep control over yourself!
- It's not such a time now,
To babysit you!
The burden will be heavier
To us, dear comrade!
- And Petruha slows down
Hasty steps ...
He will throw up his head,
He cheered up again ...
Eh, eh!
Having fun is not a sin!
Lock the floors
There will be robberies today!
Open the cellars -
Nowadays there is a lot of people walking around!
8
Oh you, grief-bitter!Boredom is boring
Mortal!
I’m already
I will, I will ...
I’m a little bit
Scratch, scratch ...
I'm a seed
Half-half, half-half ...
I’m with a knife
Strip, strip! ..
You fly, bourgeois, like a sparrow!
I'll drink some blood
For the sweetheart
Blackbrow ...
Rest, Lord, the soul of your slave ...
Boring!
9
I can't hear the noise of the cityThere is silence over the Neva tower
And there is no more the policeman -
Walk, guys, no wine!
There is a bourgeois at the crossroads
And hid his nose in the collar.
And next to it, it clings to hard wool
Lousy dog \u200b\u200bwith its tail between its legs.
The bourgeois stands like a hungry dog,
Stands as silent as a question.
And the old world, like a rootless dog,
Stands behind him, tail between his legs.
10
Something blizzard broke out,Oh, blizzard ', oh, blizzard'!
Not to see each other at all
In four steps!
Snow curled like a funnel,
Snow rose like a column ...
- Oh, what a blizzard, save me!
- Petka! Hey, don't lie!
What saved you from
Golden iconostasis?
You are unconscious, right,
Think, think sensibly -
Ali's hands are not bloody
Because of Katka's love?
- Keep the revolutionary step!
The restless enemy is near!
Forward, forward, forward,
Working people!
11
... And they walk without a saint's nameAll twelve are in the distance.
Ready for anything
It's not a pity ...
Their rifles are steel
To the invisible enemy ...
Into the back alleys
Where one blizzard is dusting ...
Yes, in downy snowdrifts -
You won't drag your boot ...
Beats in the eyes
Red flag.
Is distributed
Measured step.
Here - will wake up
Fierce enemy ...
And the blizzard is dusting in their eyes
Days and nights
All the way ...
Go-go,
Working people!
12
... They walk in the distance with a sovereign step ...- Who else is there? Come out!
This is the wind with a red flag
Played out ahead ...
Ahead is a cold snowdrift,
- Who's in the snow? come out! ..
Only a beggar dog is hungry
Waddles behind ...
- Get off you, mangy,
I'll tickle with a bayonet!
The old world is like a lousy dog
Fail - I will beat!
Gritting teeth - the wolf is hungry -
The tail is between his legs - does not lag behind -
A cold dog is a rootless dog ...
- Hey, answer, who's coming?
- Who is there waving the red flag?
- Look closely, what a darkness!
- Who walks there with a quick step,
Burying behind all the houses?
- All the same, I'll get you,
You better surrender to me alive!
- Hey, comrade, it will be bad,
Come out, let's start shooting!
Fuck-tah-tah! - And only an echo
Responsive in homes ...
Only a blizzard with a long laugh
It floods in the snow ...
Fuck-tah-tah!
Fuck-tah-tah ...
So they walk with a sovereign step,
Behind is a hungry dog
Ahead - with a bloody flag,
And invisible behind the blizzard
And unharmed from the bullet
With a gentle gait,
Snowy pearl,
In a white corolla of roses -
Ahead is Jesus Christ. January 1918
In the twentieth century, Russia went through many trials: coups d'état, regime change, revolution after revolution ... Restless times dictated their conditions and demanded changes in social and political life. The "ruler of thoughts" - literature - took on the solution of many vital issues. The talented treated the revolution differently. Some did not accept it and left their native land, while others remained and yearned for changes for the better. Alexander Blok assured that it is necessary to listen to the revolution with all your heart and consciousness, for him it is "music that he who has ears must hear."
The history of the creation of the poem "The Twelve". Recognition of the poet, criticism
The work was written after the February one and Blok himself admits that the poem took shape for him very quickly, because he wrote it, being in anticipation of changes. First, he wrote individual stanzas, and then collected them into a single composition, and in the end he was amazed at how little was crossed out in it. It is curious that the poem grew out of just a few words ("I will strip, strip with a knife"), followed by 8 stanzas instantly. It was stormy January days, and the poet carried this mood through his entire work. Blok's poem might not have survived to this day, since the author, in his dying delirium, demanded that his wife Lyubov Mendeleevna burn his brainchild, but she did not. Alexander Alexandrovich instantly turned into an enemy of the people and poets, for which Nikolai Gumilyov sentenced him: service to the Antichrist, secondary and the execution of the sovereign.
Events take place in the winter in Petrograd. A blizzard blows through which screams and screeches are heard. A detachment of twelve Red Army men - the so-called fighters against the old world - is moving around the city at night, who shoot mercilessly and destroy everything in their path. One of them, sensual Vanka, kills his friend Katka and subsequently experiences her death, but his comrades order him to gather his strength: "Now is not the time to babysit you." The squad warns citizens of the impending robbery: they will eradicate everything that reminds them of the old world. They forget about God, walk “without the name of a saint” and remind the praying Petka that he already has “the blood of a girl” on him, which means that he should not expect the help of the Lord. However, in the last, twelfth chapter He appears: "In a white crown of roses Ahead - Jesus Christ." Who is this - the savior or the destroyer - Block does not give an answer, therefore the meaning of the ending of the poem "The Twelve" is interpreted in different ways.
Image of Jesus
The appearance of Christ in the finale is an unexpected phenomenon, since they have already shot at Holy Russia several times and removed the cross. A hundred years have passed since the poem was written, and literary scholars are still considering this issue and putting forward several guesses. Jesus leads a detachment of Red Guards and leads them into a new world - criminals have become saints. Other researchers believe that these are the apostles, marching in a revolutionary step under the leadership of Peter. Mikhail Voloshin assures that the image of Christ in the poem "The Twelve" was introduced with a different purpose: he does not save the detachment, but, on the contrary, tries to hide from it himself. Pavel Florensky drew attention to the changes in the name Jesus - for Blok he is "Jesus", but one should not be naive and assume that the typo was made by chance. The detachment is headed by the Antichrist, who is also omnipotent, invulnerable "and is invisible behind the blizzard."
Poem composition
"Twelve" is a response to the music of the revolution, heard by Blok, and the musicality of the piece is achieved with a clear rhythm. The poem is not similar to the previous works of Alexander Alexandrovich, and the poet seems to be in search of a new form, which he successfully succeeds in. The tradition of the march was later continued in his work by the futurist Vladimir Mayakovsky. The poem consists of twelve parts of different shapes, which are interconnected and make up a single whole. If you analyze the poem "The Twelve", you can identify ellipses between the stanzas that were inserted by the editors after publication - obviously, the censors thought it necessary to omit some passages. At certain points, the narrative part fades into the background, and the actions are described in dialogues and monologues. The rhyme is inconsistent, and in some episodes it is not at all, quite often the action is interrupted by shooting - "bang-tah-tah!"
Features of the language in the poem "Twelve"
The brightest symbolist of the twentieth century - Alexander Blok - has come a turning point in his work. The poet, who previously wrote poems about women and love, begins to be interested in new topics, and the onset of the revolution finally convinced him to rethink the motives of his work. very unusual - Blok wrote it in a fit of expectations, passions and collected urban folklore, not disregarding even vernacular and abusive vocabulary. The phrase "Chocolate" Minion "ate" belongs to Lyubov Mendeleeva. Blok's prostitute Katya is "tolstomordenkaya", the lantern is "electric", the cadets are "junkers", and Russia is "fat-ass". The author perfectly conveyed the flavor of street life, but after a complete analysis of the poem "The Twelve", one can also identify catchphrases. Verse "... Wind, wind - all over the world!" soon became a proverb.
This mysterious number is twelve ...
Going deeper into the history of writing the poem, you can identify some contradictory moments. In the history of world culture, there are some numbers, the peculiarity of which was noticed by ancient people: for some they brought good luck, for others - misfortune. The number 12 is the personification of the cosmic order and is found in European, Chinese, Vedic and pagan cultures. Since Christianity has been preached in Russia since the tenth century, the sacred meaning of this number among Christians is of interest. So, 12 is the number of Jesus' apostles, 12 fruits of the spirit, 12 tribes of Israel; at the base of the Holy City there were 12 gates and stones, which is also very symbolic. Also, everyone knows that this figure is often found not only in religion, but also in a person's everyday life. 12 hours last day and night, 12 months a year. In ancient Greece and Rome, it was precisely this number of the main gods who sat on Olympus.
Twelve is a truly unusual and mysterious number, but Alexander Blok himself warned that the poem is very symbolic, and any symbol and hint can be interpreted in different ways. Perhaps the meaning of this number in the poem is very realistic, since at the time of the revolution, the Red Guard patrols really numbered 12 people.
Two worlds in a work
The confrontation between the past and the new is the main theme of the poem "The Twelve". Blok saw in the revolution "getting rid of the spiritual swamp" and firmly believed that sooner or later this should happen. The old world with its foundations was not destined to exist for a long time - for the sake of change, society is ready to make sacrifices. The poem begins with a blizzard, which is the image of the coup. "Wind, wind - all over the world!" - against this wind of change, which seems to have swept not only Russia, but the whole world, not everyone can resist. Twelve Red Army men walk through a blizzard, not afraid of anything. The old world is powerless before the coming new one, and the harbingers of revolution are just as uncontrollable and irrepressible.
Democracy or Anarchy?
Twelve Red Army men are the main characters of the poem "The Twelve". They are irreconcilable to the old foundations - they go, and they do not care. They are a reflection of the true face of the revolution, which sweeps away everything in its path, just like a blizzard. The Red Guards warn residents to lock the "floors" and unlock the cellars, as "there will be robberies today." Such exclamations symbolize anarchy, but not the struggle of the proletariat for a better life. They despise the old world, but what can they offer in return? Destroying, they are not ready to create. They do not say: "We will build our new world, we will create it!" Analysis of the poem "The Twelve" will make it possible to see the death of the country in the events taking place. The uselessness of the revolution is confirmed by an old woman who, seeing the poster "All power to the Constituent Assembly!", Is amazed at why it is needed. From such a huge rag it would be possible to sew footcloths for children, because in the current cold and hungry times, when "everyone is undressed, barefoot", the state needs to take care of the welfare of the people.
Even the church has been stripped of its former power. Alexander Blok depicts a priest who, if earlier "walked with his belly forward" and shone with a cross, now, like everyone else, is subdued by the Red Guards, and they refer to him as "comrade priest". The new government does not need a church and faith, and the Red Guards are calling for a rifle to be fired into Holy Russia.
Victims for what?
For a revolution, the life of one person does not mean anything against the background of a worldwide blizzard. When one of the twelve Red Army soldiers, named Petka, accidentally kills his girlfriend Katya, he begins to lament, not believing what is happening. In the eyes of the eleven others, this looks like a weakness, because it is out of place to relax at such an important moment when the fate of Russia is being decided.
Katya is a symbol of all human vices, an anti-heroine who walks with the cadets, goes to bed with everyone. She "wore gray leggings, ate Mignon chocolate" and, in general, was an atypical representative of a Russian woman. Perhaps Blok's poem was written in confirmation of the fact that people like Katya really should be sacrificed for the sake of the revolution.
Chaos or harmony: which will win?
The old world is insignificant, and it can no longer exist. It is about to collapse. The author compares it to the image of a rootless dog who stands behind the bourgeois, tail between his legs. The struggle does not last long: the dark future has already passed, but is there a gap in sight? What awaits the people after this blizzard? The Red Guards promise even greater destruction, because a future built on blood cannot be considered bright. Analyzing the poem "The Twelve", one cannot fail to notice that at the end the storm calms down, and the revolutionary people are marching into the future with a "sovereign step" accompanied by someone in a "white crown of roses." This is Jesus Christ. Its sudden appearance promises salvation and the hope that the horrors of destruction will be lifted, and the people will have enough strength to overcome everything in the revived Russia. It seems that harmony will soon be reborn out of chaos. For the sake of a happy life, they are ready to kill and die themselves.
Disappointment in change
The revolution of Alexander Blok can be compared with the elements, which, although it purifies the world, does not yet have the ability to create. The old has been destroyed, but the new, built on blood, is no better. Once, Alexander Blok was waiting for a revolution, believed in it, said: "Those who are filled with music will hear the sigh of the universal soul, if not today, then tomorrow"; later, disappointed in the ongoing changes, he stopped hearing the "music of the revolution". It can be concluded that nothing new can be built through destruction - it is much better to preserve and improve what was created bit by bit over the centuries.
Block Alexander
Twelve
Alexander Blok
TWELVE
1
Black evening.
White snow.
Wind, wind!
No man is standing on his feet.
Wind, wind
All over the world!
The wind curls
White snow.
There is ice under the snow.
Slippery, hard
Every walker
Glides - ah, poor thing!
From building to building
The rope is stretched.
On the rope - a poster: "All power to the Constituent Assembly!"
The old woman is killed - crying
Doesn't understand in any way what it means
What is such a poster for
Such a huge flap? How many footcloths would come out for the guys
And everyone is undressed, undressed ...
The old woman, like a chicken, Coy-like rewound over a snowdrift.
- Oh, Mother Intercessor!
- Oh, the Bolsheviks will drive you into the coffin!
The wind is whipping!
The frost is not far behind!
And the bourgeois at the crossroads
He hid his nose in the collar.
And who is this? - Long hair
And he says in an undertone:
- Traitors!
- Russia is lost!
Must be a writer
Vitia ...
And there is the long-skirted
Aside - behind a snowdrift ...
That "is not cheerful now,
Comrade pop?
Do you remember how it used to be
I walked forward with my belly
And shone with a cross
Belly for the people? ..
There is a lady in karakul
I turned up to another:
- We cried, cried ...
Slipped
And - bam - stretched out!
Ay, ay!
Pull, lift!
The wind is cheerful
And angry and happy.
Twists the hem
Passers-by to "sit,
Tears, crumples and wears
Large poster: "All power to the Constituent Assembly" ...
And the words convey:
... And we had a meeting ...
... Here in this building ...
... discussed
Resolved: For a time - ten, for "the night - twenty-five ...
... And less - do not take from anyone ...
...Let's go to sleep...
Late evening.
The street is emptying.
One vagrant
Slouches,
Let the wind whistle ...
Hey poor fellow!
Come up
Let's kiss ...
Of bread!
What's "ahead?
Come on in!
Black, black sky.
Malice, sad malice
Boils in my chest ...
Black malice, holy malice ...
Comrade! Look
Both!
2
The wind is blowing, the snow is fluttering.
Twelve people are walking.
Rifle black belts,
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
There is a gypsy in the teeth, they will crush the cap,
On your back you need an ace of diamonds!
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Tra-ta-ta!
It's cold, comrade, it's cold!
- And Vanka and Katka are in a tavern ...
- She has kerenki in a stocking!
- Vanyushka himself is now rich ...
- Vanka was ours, but he became a soldier!
- Well, Vanka, son of a bitch, bourgeois,
My, try, kiss!
Freedom, freedom
Eh, eh, without a cross!
Katka and Vanka are busy
What, what are you doing? ..
Tra-ta-ta!
All around - lights, lights, lights ...
Shrug off - rifle straps ...
Revolutionary keep pace!
Restless enemy does not sleep!
Comrade, hold the rifle, don't be afraid!
Let's fire a bullet into Holy Russia
In kondova "yu,
To the hut,
Into the fat ass!
Eh, eh, without a cross!
3
How did our guys go?
To serve in the red guard
To serve in the red guard
Lay down the riot!
Eh you, grief-bitter,
Sweet life!
Torn coat,
Austrian gun!
We are on the mountain to all bourgeois
Let's fan the world fire
World Blood Fire
Lord bless!
4
The snow is twisting, the reckless driver is screaming
Roly with Katka flies
Electric flashlight
On shafts ...
Oh, oh, go down! ..
He is in a soldier's overcoat
With a stupid face
Twists, twists a black mustache,
Yes twists
Yes, joking ...
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. . . . . . . . . . .
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Restless enemy does not sleep!
7
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8
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