Green pages are animals of any group. A miracle called butterfly! green pages

Andrei Pleshakov: Green pages. A manual for students of educational institutions GEF. The cover of the new edition of 2014.

Green pages. The book for primary school students. GEF. Pleshakov Andrey Anatolyevich.

Previously, this book was in a different cover, with chamomile (just such it is shown in textbooks on the world around it), but the new edition is different, on the cover is a spring birch forest against the sky. This is the 2014 edition version.

The book prints the letter Y.

Green pages of the book of nature.

The book is excellent: not only as a supplement to the primary school textbook on the world around it, but also as a completely independent book about nature and animals for children. Unlike many journal series, in this book (after all, a textbook!) There are no annoying mistakes. There is a lot of information (the book is thick), the text is wonderfully written (fascinating), plus many good color drawings and photographs.

So even if your school does not require the mandatory purchase of this textbook, we recommend to purchase - a very good book.

Stories about animals and plants, many stories about insects, etc.

With this book you will learn about the most daring flowers, the first to meet spring, meet ants, butterflies and ladybugs, figure out what the strength and courage of oak, get into the kingdom of mushrooms and lichen, get into the secrets of bats, get acquainted with life " King of rodents "- beaver.

This book is for younger students, but it will be interesting to both parents and teachers, who together with the child will want to meet with the unique world of wildlife.

Publisher: Enlightenment.

Series: School of Russia.

The book prints the letter Y.

The book for younger students, devoted to the nature of his native country and native land, contains stories - pages. They introduce with amazing natural diversity - from grass at the doorstep to birds and animals. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of environmental relations in the surrounding world.

The book is intended for use in lessons and in extracurricular activities, for self-reading. It will be interesting not only for children, but also for teachers, parents, who, together with a child, will want to meet with the unique world of wildlife.

This book will tell you about nature - about big trees and little bugs, about vociferous, funny birds, and silent, gloomy spiders ...

The book is called Green Pages. Why are green? Because this color is a symbol of nature. Why pages? The fact is that nature itself can be compared to a large, fascinating book. Every flower, every bird, every butterfly is the pages of the Book of Nature. Reading it means learning, exploring nature. True, it is not so easy to read.

Color drawings and photos.

Imagine: somewhere on the edge of the forest you are standing and looking around. Run, rustling dry last year's leaves, a black beetle at your feet. A glimpse among the branches is a hasty jay. A blue bell will swing in the wind ... And no one will tell you or even whisper: Look at me, what a beautiful, interesting, very necessary inhabitant of the forest I am!

Our book will help you learn to read the Book of Nature. To notice the amazing and unusual in the usual and everyday. To open very important, necessary, but hidden from our eyes connection in wildlife. And most importantly: learning to love and take care of what people cannot live without - the wonderful world of plants and animals around us!

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Appendix 2
A. A. Pleshakov Green Pages

Page ten on dragonflies
Just...
I once sat by the river. Over the thickets of arrowhead and yellow nodules dragonflies flew. And the guys were swimming nearby. So they got out of the water dried up a bit and ... they suddenly began to hunt dragonflies. Knocked down their shirts, caught hats. I ran to them: “What are you doing ?! Why? ”The guys were surprised:“ Why? So simple ... "

Probably, many will recall a similar case. It's good if the guys hold the dragonfly by the wings and let it go. But it happens that insects are torn off by paws, heads. Or arrange a competition - who will kill more dragonflies.

And dragonflies need to be protected! Why? Yes, simply because they are part of the living world around us, because they are beautiful, and man cannot live without beauty. In addition, we must not forget that, having destroyed a single dragonfly, a person, one can say, sets free hundreds, thousands of mosquitoes and blackflies. And how annoying they are, these mosquitoes and midges! How painful they bite, especially when you are resting on the bank of a river or a pond, get a fish, ride a boat ... And then a dragonfly comes to the rescue. After all, mosquitoes and midges are their main, favorite food.
Big-eyed hunters
Look into the eyes of a dragonfly. Unless, of course, you manage to approach her carefully, sitting on a leaf or a branch. The eyes are not just big. They are huge. They are round and smooth, like the sides of a globe, mysterious, like pearls.

Then the dragonfly takes off. And you will hear the dry rustling of her strong wings, if the dragonfly is large. Or, if you are small, you will not hear anything, but you will see how the wings, when set in motion, will light up, will play in the sun's rays ...

From May to autumn, dragonflies fly over the overgrown banks of rivers and rivulets, ponds and lakes, they hunt along forest edges and glades.

They catch prey with their feet. Their legs are covered with spikes and bristles, in flight they are bent and close together so that a “trapping basket” is obtained. Swift zigzag air - and a mosquito or fly in this "basket". The mosquito dragonfly eats right on the fly. A fly - sitting on a branch, slowly. And then some time resting.

“I have often seen,” wrote the famous German scientist Alfred Brem in the book “Animal Life”, “that the dragonfly turned out to be more agile than me, snatching a moth or other insect from under my nose, which I wanted to catch.”

Observe how a dragonfly-yoke, large, ten centimeters in wingspan, hunts over the forest road. She has her own plot, in which she flies back and forth. He does not allow other dragonflies, especially of the same species, to this area - he is decisively attacking and chasing away! Rocker flies fly, and many other dragonflies are superb. The speed develops up to 50 kilometers per hour and even, as some scientists assert, up to 90.

But there are other dragonflies. Like butterflies, they flit near the water, light, tender. They are not in a hurry, they sit down on the reeds and leaves so delicately as if they know their names: a pretty girl, a beautiful arrow, a graceful arrow.

In female beauties, wings are yellowish, in males - blue. The arrows are smaller and unusually thin - they break, caught by an awkward human hand. Lyutki are also very fragile - they are generally the smallest of our dragonflies.

All these creatures feed on living prey, although they do not go after it, like rockers, in dizzying chases. They collect insects sitting on plants, occasionally catch flying. There are no hunting areas for these dragonflies: both the table and the house, as they say, are found under each sheet.

Patient researchers who studied with cameras, binoculars and stopwatches in their hands hunting habits of various dragonflies, called the large and strong dragonflies pursuers, and beauties, shooters and hatches - gatherers.

There are among the dragonflies and the third group of hunters - the traplayers! Awakened by the morning sun, they begin to fly, looking for a convenient knot or a twig in the forest clearings to sit high all day and look far away. Scrupulous to the extreme: podsteregateli different species choose branches with different angles of inclination, with different thickness, with a certain color! These dragonflies are medium in size, very good flyers. Seeing the prey, they take off, catch it with lightning speed and just as quickly fly back. They sit down at their own bitch, eat and wait again ...

And now a few words about the merits of winged hunters in front of people.

“The flies were so numerous that the air seemed filled with them,” wrote one zoologist at the beginning of our century. But here, he says, dragonflies appeared. First, just a few pieces, then more, more. Two days later, their number became so large that a strong mind was clearly heard in the air from the flapping of countless wings. Dragonflies greedily caught midge. It took another two days - and now not a single midge was noticeable anywhere.

This happens now. Moreover, in Siberia, in some places, people are specifically waiting for the appearance of dragonflies to begin cultivating vegetable gardens along the shores of lakes. Otherwise, it is simply impossible to work - mosquitoes are jammed.

Here they are what you need, these big-eyed hunters!
Life under water
Dragonfly larvae live in water. If it is special, made of durable fabric, with a water net, to rummage at the bottom of some pond or forest lake, it may turn out to be a dragonfly larva itself. Consider it carefully, and after reviewing, we will release it. Yes, the creation is not the most beautiful. Awkward-looking, gray, smeared in silt. Legs long, splayed. Eyes bulging ... However, the brightness and diversity here would be completely out of place - with them and in the mouth of the fish to please not for long.

This larva appears from the egg as a completely crumbs - one and a half to two millimeters long. But in the third year of life, when development comes to an end, it happens to be 5 centimeters at the dragonfly-yoke, and 6 centimeter at the dragonfly-warden! Other, smaller dragonflies have smaller larvae, and they often live only one year.

The future dragonfly does not pursue its prey (of various water larvae, crustaceans, tadpoles), but lies in wait, hiding in an ambush somewhere among the greenery. It catches only moving prey. Enough lightning! And not with their feet, not with their jaws, but with a “mask”. "Mask" - a long, folding lower lip, with hooks on the end. Grabbing their lunch, the larva attracts it to the mouth, and then powerful jaws begin to work. At the usual time, the lip is folded and covers, like a real mask, the lower part of the predator's physiognomy.

True, not all larvae feed on this way. In some species, the lip resembles a scoop, and even with a strainer. These larvae crawl all their life in the mud, extracting everything edible from it, it is clear that they collect not only moving but also fixed prey.

The method of movement in larvae of large dragonflies is very unusual. They eject a stream of ode from their abdomen with a force and, getting a push like a rocket, rush forward, So, as if in great leaps, they swim quickly and easily. Boris Fedorovich Belyshev, a dragonfly researcher, observed a case where a jet from a larva, breaking through a small layer of water, hit the table 60 centimeters from the aquarium in which the larva lived. It is not surprising that, fleeing from the mouth of a fish, a frightened predator usually completely forgets about his rather strong legs, and scampers away, doing nothing but a water jet engine.

Larvae of small dragonflies move differently. They have three leaflets on the back end of the body. These leaves serve as larvae with fins.

That's how the future dragonflies live.

But one fine day a larva is chosen for some reed sticking out of the water to the air, to the sun. Frozen, hanging over the wet abyss ... And so the clothes burst on the back of the larva, and the winged dragonfly is born, which will not return to the water. Figure 25

Dragonflies waiting for help
Dragonflies are very ancient insects. Three hundred million years ago, there were no wasps, no bees, or butterflies on earth. There were no birds and beasts. There were no flowers. But the dragonflies have already flown. Many were enormous - they reached almost a meter in the wingspan!

Now in the whole world about 4500 species of dragonflies are known. Especially a lot of them in hot countries. Even such large and bright ones live there that we never dreamed of. True, the former giants have long since died out - the biggest modern dragonflies reach 19 centimeters in wingspan. However, agree, and this is a lot.

Indeed, it is difficult to even imagine how dragonflies are older than mankind! But what happens to them now is the same as with the overwhelming majority of other animals and plants. Under the onslaught of man, they retreat. In many countries, dragonflies are getting smaller. Dragonflies are especially vulnerable, the larvae of which can live only in clean water bodies - there are almost no clean water bodies left.

Dragonflies deserve respect. And the guys can do a lot for them. Stop, for example, the one who is going to wash a car in a river, a motorcycle: it pollutes the water very much. Do not catch dragonflies, but watch them! Maybe someone will be able to see something that even scientists do not know yet.

Page Eighteenth, about frogs and toads,

which many do not like at all
Their trouble is our fault
It is difficult to even understand why frogs and toads still live on earth. Of course, in the modern world there are few animals that would live well: a person oppresses everyone, and if he loves someone, he doesn’t necessarily cherish. But frogs and toads ...

In an old book about toads it is written like this: “Toad is a disgusting animal ... In July, toads are punctured with a sharp stick with their heads or necks and dried in the air for both indoor and outdoor use.” Yes, hardly toads would have liked this book. They liked even less when they were punctured on a stick and dried. But what could they do if people, despising toads, at the same time considered them for some reason to be a good remedy for many diseases ?!

The dead toad was used as medicine. And terrible properties were attributed to the living: terribly poisonous, it is as if by its own breath and even with its gaze can disfigure a person. And moreover, she is a companion of witches, other evil spirits, and a meeting with her promises man only misfortune. It is clear how such meetings ended for the toads. People who believed these fables simply killed innocent animals.

And still their destruction is in full swing. Stupid, meaningless. Many still do not like toads and, on occasion, kill them. And nowadays, some people think that when a person touches a toad, warts appear. What nonsense!

On the frogs, it seems, slandered less than on the toads. However, they also never complained, although frog legs have long been considered in some countries as a delicious dish. And now the frog meat is there much more expensive than the best varieties of fish. Visitors to expensive restaurants do not spare money for an unusual dish. In Italy alone, about 15 million frogs are eaten every year! There are not many frogs left in most Western European countries. Therefore, they are brought from abroad. Especially a lot of frogs are selling India. The total weight of the unfortunate animals caught there annually is 5 thousand tons. And many catchers, in order to make their work easier, tear off the paws right on the spot - from the living frogs!

It is impossible not to recall one more frog disaster. They have become very comfortable and even irreplaceable animals for conducting various experiments. With their completely involuntary help, scientists, especially physicians, have made many important discoveries. In gratitude, two monuments were erected for the frogs - in Paris and in Tokyo.

Well, grateful scientists put monuments to the frogs. But is there any gratitude to these defenseless creatures in the soul of each of us? After all, they died for our health.

And how often the guys are ruining the frogs! They throw stones at them, torment little weak animals, unable to stand up for themselves. Is it possible to?

Let's add to all this the death of frogs and toads on the roads. They fall under the wheels of cars, when in the spring they are sent for breeding to reservoirs, often quite far from wintering grounds. In some countries, in order to save frogs and toads, special “trapy fences” are arranged along the roads, near which plastic buckets are buried one at a distance from one another. Frogs and toads, moving along the "fences", fall into these buckets, and people then carry them across the road. The construction of specific underground passages for amphibians is also planned. But all this is still in other countries. Not with us.

These are the relations with a person in frogs and toads ...

Look what big, sad eyes look at you. And how much peace, restraint in these creatures! It even seems that they are silently and proudly waiting for when we are finally fair to them.
What are frogs and toads
But, in spite of everything, frogs and toads live on Earth. Their diverse relatives also live: frogs, toads, garlickards, tritons, salamanders ... There are 3,200 species of amphibians in the world.

Of the frogs, pond, lake, grass and moorish are especially common.

The first two are green frogs.

They spend their whole lives in the water or near it, they even winter at the bottom of water bodies. And of course, the green color helps them to remain invisible. The pond frog grows to a length of 8 centimeters. The lake is much larger - up to 15 centimeters. Herbal and moorish - brown frogs. Most of the time they spend on land, where the brown color (the color of dry leaves, sticks and blades of grass) does them a good service.

These frogs, like all amphibians, breed in the water, and the grass frogs also winters there. Moor frogs hibernate, as a rule, on land - in the holes of rodents, in some holes, in cracks, in heaps of fallen leaves. They are smaller than grass (grass can be up to 10 centimeters), but in general they are similar. In order to distinguish these frogs, one must keep in mind: the moor has a white abdomen and a grassy spotty. The moor, in addition, has a pointed muzzle. And during breeding, the males of this frog acquire an amazing blue color.

Two species of toads are widely distributed in our country: green and gray. They differ from each other not only in color, but also in size: gray is much larger than green. Both toads spend most of the year on land, and only for reproduction temporarily migrate to water. The green toad overwintering in the burrows of animals, holes and other shelters, may burrow into loose earth. Gray often climbs into the cellars and basements. Figure 26

Similar but different
Some confuse frogs with toads, and toads confuse frogs. Compare them to each other.

It is not difficult to find similarity traits: both those and others spend part of the time on land, and some - in the water, at least in the water multiply. The development of both begins with the eggs - from it emerges a tadpole, which gradually turns into an adult frog or toad. The skin and those and others naked. And they mainly feed on insects. Many similarities and just in appearance, habits.

What are the differences?

Let's start with caviar. The laying of the frog caviar has the appearance of large lumps, and the toad roe is hidden inside the mucous cords, and the length of such cords is 3-5 meters from the gray toad, and up to 7 meters from the green!

Tadpoles of frogs and toads are similar. But the former usually swim shallowly among aquatic plants, while the latter stay near the bottom. That is why the body of toad tadpoles is slightly flattened from top to bottom, and the head is elongated - it is easier to dig into the silt.

Adult frogs have smooth, moist and very delicate skin. In frogs, on the contrary, it is hilly, drier and coarser. Skin secretions of frogs are almost non-poisonous, and in toads they are poisonous to animals, they smell unpleasant. Especially large venom glands are located in the toad behind the eyes. However, the toad excretes its poison only when the predator has enough of it. Many predators immediately discard dangerous prey.

And to a person, a toad can harm the poison only if it gets into the mouth or eyes.

Frogs are much more agile than toads. Everyone knows how cleverly they jump, pushing off with their long hind legs. Slow toads are not capable of such feats - legs are short! Language - hunting device - they are also shorter than frog. For these reasons, during the hunt they get mainly crawling insects, and the frogs - and crawling, and flying.

Interestingly, the toads have absolutely no teeth, while the frogs have them, but only on the upper jaw and very, very small.

Frogs tend to hunt day and night. Toads leave shelters only at night or at dusk.

Some consider frogs to be pretty creatures, and toads are ugly. To me, they both seem beautiful in their own way and equally deserving of respect.
Link in an unbroken chain
Even a bug that crunched under the wheels is a reproach to a person. So says the writer Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov. And this is true. We, the people, have a difficult duty: not to let the living disappear, which so trustfully surrounds us on earth. It is the duty of the strong.

Frogs and toads must live because we are stronger than them ...

But they must live also because in the chains of nature, where everything is connected one to another, they have their very important place. For each ruined frog nature can charge us.

At least this: one per day frog eats up to seven insects and other creatures that can cause damage to humans. After wintering, it appears at the end of April, and it leaves for wintering at the end of September, therefore, it feeds itself for five months, and this time it will eat more than a thousand of all kinds of mosquitoes, flies, dangerous for our economy bugs. Thus, it does not allow these creatures to multiply beyond measure.

Frogs and toads are the keepers of balance in nature. Thank them for that!

But the equilibrium in nature depends not only on the quantity of frogs and toads. It depends on who and in what quantity eats the frogs and toads themselves! They eat them, especially frogs, storks, herons, gulls, birds of prey, badgers, otters, minks, raccoon dogs and many other birds and animals, as well as predatory fish. The life of all these animals depends largely on frogs and toads.

Imagine a natural chain: mosquitoes - frogs - storks. Try to break it mentally: imagine that the frogs have disappeared. Oh, how mosquitoes began to multiply uncontrollably! And the storks? They are getting smaller ... No, natural chains cannot be torn!

And people are tearing. And not only when they simply catch frogs or destroy toads. “Even a one-time treatment of forests with pesticides,” writes Professor Andrey G. Bannikov, “reduces the number of frogs, toads, newts and lizards by a factor of 2-3.” But what about the frequent pesticide spraying of fields and gardens? But what about the pollution of water bodies with household and industrial waste? And drainage of swamps, shallowing and drying of lakes and small rivers?

But let's hope that in time people will cope with these troubles.

In addition, there are already the first successful experiments of artificial breeding of frogs. And someday, perhaps soon, there will be real frog farms, from which wolves will be sent both abroad and to scientific institutes. And ... in the river that flows next door.
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Here you can find - buy the book: "Green Pages" Pleshakov

A. A. Manual for students of educational organizations / Moscow. Publisher: Enlightenment. (Green House) - 224 pages. : il. - ISBN 978-5-09-032015-3 - 978-5-09-030054-4. Created on 05.20.2016

The textbook "Green Pages" was created in accordance with the Federal State requirements of the standards of general primary education of the 2nd generation.

White hare and European hare, similarities and differences.

Their common similarities: nocturnal animals, resting during the day - feeding at night, burrowing in the snow in the winter, burying the trail, gray in the summer,

Differences  species:

Habitat.

Winter color.

Type of feed.

Paw prints.

White hare.

White, the tips of the ears are black.

Thin twigs.

Wider, and jumps shorter.

Hare-hare.

Light gray.

Dry grass.

Cunning confuses his mark, often makes "loops".

Story: "His Majesty the Boletus".

The story about mushrooms from the book "Green Pages", according to the program 3 classes.

Annotation: Story: "". A cut mushroom - a boletus brings joy, respect, and admiration to mushroom pickers ... They are proud of such finds, hold them in their hands for a long time, and don’t rush to put them in the basket - they will first count them. The mushroom looks stately, a real “king of mushrooms”, and sometimes it is called for its pompous appearance, “colonel”. And, it is not difficult to guess why, the housewives call it white: in the soup, and in the pan, it is always white.

Questions to the story: "His Majesty the boletus".

1. What feelings does the mushroom cause in the author - "His Majesty the boletus"? (Joy, respect, admiration).
2. How many mushrooms - borovik collected, familiar of the author, per day? (86 mushrooms).
3. What color is boletus mushroom? (hat - brown, leg - not quite white).
4. Why mushroom boletus is called white? (In any form, white perishing: dried, boiled, fried - always remains white).
5. What color is the brownberry mushroom - dried? (The black).
6. Why, white mushroom called boletus? (Occurs in pine forest).
7. What does a mushroom boletus look like? (The hat is reddish-brown, the leg is thick. It looks important, it is puffy).
8. What kind of white fungus does the author describe in the story? (Pine, oak, fir, birch).
9. How many varieties of white fungus do scientists have? (About two dozen).
10. What is the difference between white mushrooms of different varieties? (the color of the cap and the meeting place).
11. What is popularly called white mushroom? ("The king of mushrooms", "colonel").
12. Why in the story the author calls mushroom boletus super mushroom? (He embodied all the mushroom beauty and power).

Story: "Yarrow".

Annotation: Story: " Yarrow"from the book:" Green Pages 3 class. "Each leaf of the yarrow is cut into many slices and cannot be counted. Many flowers from inflorescences form up to 25 thousand seeds. It reproduces not only by seed, but also by rhizome. It can be found in meadows, on the side of roads, on the forest edge. The plant has many medicinal properties. Thousands of leaves stop bleeding well and heal wounds, they are used even for toothache. Its preparations are prescribed for diseases of the intestine, stomach and improvement of appetite.

Annotation: Story: "Similar, but different" from the book: "Green Pages 3 class." Do not confuse toads with frogs, and frogs with toads. They are similar, but different.

Similarities:

• The same time is spent on land and in water.
• Breed in water.
• Begin to develop with the eggs.
• Tadpoles appear, which then turn into a frog or a toad.
• The skin is bare.
• They feed on insects.
• The similarity in appearance and habits.

Differences:

• The eggs are different.
• The body of toad tadpoles is flattened, and the head is elongated.
• The skin of frogs is smooth, moist and tender. In the toads it is hilly and rough.
• Skin secretions in frogs are almost non-poisonous, and in toads for animals they are poisonous and smell unpleasant.
• Frogs are more agile than toads.
• The tongue of the toads is shorter than the frog.
• Toads do not have toads, and frogs have them.
• Frogs hunt night and day, frogs - at night.

A story about beavers.

Stories from the book "Green Pages" about beavers, according to the program 4 classes. The book includes eight stories.

Annotation "Green pages. The story about beavers": The royal beaver looks majestically. No wonder he is called the" king of rodents. "He is surprised by his teeth, fur coat and tail. He surpassed all animals in the building art. Not one beast is not able to build such grand structures - dams. Any trees to him obedient, from osinki to oak, of any thickness. Fells them with the help of powerful teeth - incisors, like a woodcutter - with a saw and an ax, cracking a fallen tree into the parts he needs.
  Very handsome, sports a year-round, in his luxurious fur coat, which allows, for a long time, to spend under water. The fur of the fur coat is thick, it does not let the water through, therefore, coming out of the water, shaking itself, the animal dries quickly.
  And, the beaver's tail is unusual, looks like a shovel: naked, covered with scales. It helps the owner and during the voyage, and during work. Resting against the ground with the tail, the beaver gnaws the tree.

This tutorial will be useful in the knowledge of the world, adults and children. The content of the book: "Green Pages. Pleshakov A. А., consists of twenty four pages.

Page 1st. , talks about the grass around our house and on the street.

1. Bird buckwheat.
2. From the life of a dandelion.
3. Yarrow
4. Sour but tasty.
5. Burdock, he's burdock.
6. The most bitter grass.
7. Green traveler.
8. A resident of vacant lots.
9. Make friends with nettles.

Page 2nd where there is a speech about the first flowers, meeting spring.

1. The most courageous.
2. Giving honey
3. Hurried crested hen.
4. Anemone.
5. Cheerful, fresh, washed.
6. Goose onions.
7. Grass, evoking dreams.
8. Keys to summer

Page 3, about rare and endangered plants, written with the hope that flowers will always bloom on earth. Nature conservation is our common cause.
  Page 4th is about trees.

1. About birch and birch sap.
2. Strength and weakness of the oak.
3. Tree-citizen.
4. Bold tree

Page 5th, whose heroes are mosses.

1. Below the grass.
2. From the Arctic to Antarctica.
3. Where does the moss begin
4. Live sponge.
5. Kukushkin flax, ostrich feather and others.

Page 6th - about mushrooms.

1. Not plants and not animals.
2. Why mushrooms in the forest.
3. Wolf tobacco, hare potatoes.
4. Going for mushrooms.

Page 7th, almost fabulous, invites lichens.

1. Costume forest king.
2. Nakipny, leafy, bushy.
3. Union of fungus and algae.
4. Reindeer moss.
5. Long-livers
6. Lichens leave the city.

Page 8th. Events that occur in the web kingdom.
Page 9 is about complex relationships between insects and humans.
Page 10 is about dragonflies.

1. Just.
2. Big-eyed hunters.
3. Life is under water.
4. Dragonflies are waiting for help. Read online.

Page 11th, the heroes of which are the golden eyes, and they are flyrnits.

1. First meeting.
2. Egg on a thin stalk.
3. "Tliny lions" and running pupa.
4. Defenseless beauties.

Page 12 is about bugs.

1. Who more than anyone in the world.
2. May beetle and its relatives.
3. Beetle on the road.
4. Talking beetle.
5. Six-legged deer.
6. Big water fan.
7. Without them, the earth would be bored.

Page 13th, which tells almost detective stories - about a dangerous criminal among insects.

1. Verbal portrait.
2. His first "case".
3. He crosses all boundaries.
4. He changes clothes.
5. He is hiding.
6. Who will win?

Page 14th, which tells about the extraordinary life of a ladybug.

1. "Sun".
2. Name on the wings.
3. Three life ladybug.
4. Deceptive appearance.
5. Migratory ... bugs.
6. Where cows overwinter.
7. Trouble

Page 15th, the brightest and most colorful, because it tells
  about butterflies.

1. 140 thousand species.
2. Pollen on colorful wings.
3. How many legs does a caterpillar have?
4. Unusual duty.
5. Admiral's dangerous life.
6. Bluebird in an anthill.
7. Mysterious hawk moths.
8. Dim rainbow.

Page 16th, which tells how insects overwinter.
  Page 17th, the heroes of which are the first insects to wake up, and the time of action is early spring.

1. The first butterflies. - read online
2. Hooray! Woke up the flies!
3. Take care of the bumblebees!
4. Ants who remember everything.

Page 18th, about toads and frogs, which many do not like.

1. Their trouble is our fault.
2. What are frogs and toads.
3. Link in an unbroken chain.

Page 19th. Summer has gone - about the life of birds in the fall.

1. How and when?
2. And who remains!
3. Help the birds!

Page 20th is about the birds that will stay with us in the winter.

1. Crossbones.
2. Tap dance
3. Bullfinch.
4. Woodpeckers
5. Pitch.
6. The little king.

Page 21 is about birds in spring.

1. Starlings flew.
2. Singing in the blue sky.
   
3. "Roscherk" chaffinch.
4. Song Thrush.
5. Pied Flycatcher.
6. Invisible

Page 22nd, which tells about the winter life of animals.

1. City under the snow.
2. Nimble predators.
3. Three hundred cones for lunch.
4. Fox hunting.
5. About boar and elk.

Page 23rd, the most mysterious, her heroes - bats.

1. What the legends say.
2. What science says.
3. Caught echo.
4. Forest ambulance.
5. Like birds and with birds.
6. Do not hurt winged animals!

Page 24th, tells about obrah.

1. Beaver - "King of Rodents".
2. Miracle first - beaver teeth.
3. The second miracle is a beaver fur coat.
4. The third miracle is the beaver tail.
5. The fourth and fifth miracles are beaver huts and dams.
6. The sixth miracle - beavers.
7. One hundred squirrels for beaver.
8. The seventh wonder - the beavers are back!

How many pages in the Book of Nature.

Presentation "Ordinary Ladybug" Green Pages. Pleshakov A.A. Completed: Completed: primary teacher primary school teacher of the Kuzmin classes MOU of the Kuzmino-Gatiev secondary school of the Tambov Gatyevsky secondary school of the Tambov region, Tambov district, Tambov district Elena Anatolievna Troshkina Troshkina

In Russia, children from time immemorial love ladybirds. In childhood, if a ladybug sat on our hands, we told her a poem: "Ladybird, fly to heaven, Bring us bread, Black, white, Just not burnt." She listened attentively, and we threw her to the sky. And the continuation of the poem is: “Ladybird, Fly to heaven - I will give you bread! Ladybug, Fly to heaven, There your children Eat candy - All one by one, And not one for you! "" Ladybug, fly to heaven, Bring us bread, Black, white, Just not burnt. " She listened attentively, and we threw her to the sky. And the continuation of the poem is: “Ladybird, Fly to heaven - I will give you bread! Ladybug, Fly to heaven, There your children Eat sweets - All one by one, And you no one! "

In Russia, traditionally they turned to the cow with the question: “Ladybird, will there be a bucket tomorrow?” If she flew away, it means that the weather will be fine, if not, it will rain. The Slavs "guessed" with the help of a ladybird, asking: "Ladybird, should I live, should I die or fly to heaven?" In Russia, traditionally they turned to the cow with the question: “Ladybird, will there be a bucket tomorrow?” If she flew away, it means that the weather will be fine, if not, it will rain. The Slavs "guessed" with the help of a ladybird, asking: "Ladybird, should I live, should I die or fly to heaven?"

Legend of Ladybug: The image of a ladybug is found in a number of East Slavic myths. According to one of them, the wife of the god of thunder Perun was turned into a ladybird, thus punished for treason. Seduced by the serpent-tempter, Perynya fled with him, leaving the children. Perun singed it with lightning, and since then on its wings you can see seven spots by the number of children left in the sky. The image of a ladybug is found in a number of East Slavic myths. According to one of them, the wife of the god of thunder Perun was turned into a ladybird, thus punished for treason. Seduced by the serpent-tempter, Perynya fled with him, leaving the children. Perun singed it with lightning, and since then on its wings you can see seven spots by the number of children left in the sky. Eastern Slavic myths serpent Eastern Slavic myths serpent

The name of this insect is associated with the belief that the ladybird refers to the sky herd of Perun. It mediates the connection between heaven and earth, between the powerful god and people. Therefore, she was credited with magical power, the ability to influence the weather. People tried not to kill the ladybirds, so as not to incur God's wrath. The name of this insect is associated with the belief that the ladybird refers to the sky herd of Perun. It mediates the connection between heaven and earth, between the powerful god and people. Therefore, she was credited with magical power, the ability to influence the weather. People tried not to kill the ladybirds, so as not to incur God's wrath.

Do you know ... Many people believe that by the number of points on the back of a ladybug you can determine its age. This is not true. There are a huge number of different ladybirds in the world, and the number of points on their wings depends on the species. They can be from two to twenty six. Many believe that the number of points on the back of a ladybug can determine its age. This is not true. There are a huge number of different ladybirds in the world, and the number of points on their wings depends on the species. They can be from two to twenty six.

THREE LIVES OF GOD DOES Yellow shiny eggs are glued in heaps on the bottom of the leaves. Inside the testicle, you can see a small larva. She fidgets, fumbles there - wants to get out. Yellow shiny eggs glued in heaps on the bottom of the leaves. Inside the testicle, you can see a small larva. She fidgets, fumbles there - wants to get out.

So begins the first life of a ladybug. Finally, the testicle bursts. The larva begins to crawl out of it: first her head protrudes, then her chest, then her legs. Finally, the testicle bursts. The larva begins to crawl out of it: first her head protrudes, then her chest, then her legs. But not so easy to get out of the egg! It will take a lot of time before the larva, then resting, then working hard again, to completely free itself. But not so easy to get out of the egg! It will take a lot of time before the larva, then resting, then working hard again, to completely free itself.

After three weeks, the larva hangs upside down and freezes. Hanging day, another ... After three weeks, the larva hangs upside down and freezes. Hanging day, another ... Then the skin on her back bursts, begins to creep up, going to harmonica. And a thick, milky white pupa becomes visible. Then the skin on her back bursts, begins to creep up, gathering like an accordion. And a thick, milky white pupa becomes visible.

THE SECOND LIFE OF A GOD-COW It's a strange, this second life. Without traveling through the bushes, through the grasses, without hunting feats. Hanging, simple hanging in a secluded place. Weekly or two week. Outside, the pupa darkens and becomes covered with yellow, orange, black spots. And inside ... A bug is born inside. Ladybird has begun THIRD LIFE! Strange it, this second life. Without traveling through the bushes, through the grasses, without hunting feats. Hanging, simple hanging in a secluded place. Weekly or two week. Outside, the pupa darkens and becomes covered with yellow, orange, black spots. And inside ... A bug is born inside. Ladybird has begun THIRD LIFE!

This is interesting: The origin of the name "cow" is most likely due to the biological peculiarity of the bug: it can give milk, and not ordinary, but redder! Such fluid is released in case of danger from the pores on the folds of the limbs. Milk is extremely unpleasant to taste (and in large doses even deadly!) And scares off predators. The origin of the name “cow” is most likely related to the biological feature of the bug: it can produce milk, and not ordinary, but reddish! Such fluid is released in case of danger from the pores on the folds of the limbs. Milk is extremely unpleasant to the taste (and in large doses, even deadly!) And scares off predators,

Ladybirds overwinter under stones, low bushes, in fallen leaves on the forest edges. For the winter bugs gather in large clusters. Ladybirds overwinter under stones, low bushes, in fallen leaves on the forest edges. For the winter bugs gather in large clusters.

WATCH THE GOD BABY WATCH THE GOD BABY 1. Find the ladybugs in the country, in the forest. Count how many points they have on the wings. Determine the name of the ladybug. Seek out yellow, brown, black ladybugs and draw them. Catch is not necessary. 2. Plant a ladybird on your hand, see how it releases droplets of caustic blood, pay attention to the sharp smell of blood. After this experience, let go of the beetle. 3. Observe how a ladybug hunts for aphids, how long does it look for prey? Is it easy to cope with aphids? 4. In the beginning of summer, locate the larvae of the ladybirds. Remember them well, and always treat them carefully. 1. Find the ladybirds in the country, in the forest. Count how many points they have on the wings. Determine the name of the ladybug. Seek out yellow, brown, black ladybugs and draw them. Catch is not necessary. 2. Plant a ladybird on your hand, see how it releases droplets of caustic blood, pay attention to the sharp smell of blood. After this experience, let go of the beetle. 3. Observe how a ladybug hunts for aphids, how long does it look for prey? Is it easy to cope with aphids? 4. In the beginning of summer, locate the larvae of the ladybirds. Remember them well, and always treat them carefully.

FEBRUARY 2016

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Once in the middle of July, in the country, we walked with dogs along an ugly, plastic fence. The road was covered with prickly gravel, and it was painful to walk, even in slippers. Nasty gravel wounded and dog paws. It was all boring.

And suddenly ... a huge yellow butterfly flew past us and sat in the middle of the road - it was attracted by stones heated in the sun. My heart beat with excitement - it was MAKHAON! I have never seen swallowtails here, although I take lots of butterflies.

Makhaon felt my interest in him and began to tease: he would pose, then he would fly up to the next stone, the dogs would rush to him, and he would fly away - in general, the picture was not the best.

Therefore, I will give a description of the Machaon from the book “Other Shores” by the remarkable writer Vladimir Nabokov: “On the Persian lilac at the veranda of the outhouse I saw my first Machaon ... fawn spurs hung with a tilted raspberry-purple cluster and, reveling in it, all the time they flapped convulsively with their huge wings. ”

Butterflies - this is a miracle bestowed on us by nature.

But attention lovers of nature! Hurry to capture this miracle, because in Europe, in those places where toxic chemicals are used in the fields, there are NO butterflies! Now, however, in many countries began to abandon chemistry, and butterflies reappear in the meadows.

And we still have a huge variety of butterflies: day and night, and the farther from the city, the more rare butterflies!

And most importantly - no need to catch and kill them. All these boxes with pinned, dried butterflies are disgusting. They look like plastic flowers, fruit from wax, landscapes painted on stone walls ...

Let the nature around us be alive and beautiful!

And how much the same butterfly still harbors unsolved mysteries of nature! During their life, butterflies go through four transformations - a metamorphosis. The transition from one stage (egg) to another (caterpillar) is called metamorphosis. Four complete metamorphosis: an egg, a caterpillar, a pupa, and an adult (butterfly). Every new transformation in butterflies is complete - the pupa is completely different from the butterfly!

Testicles  - This is the first phase of development. The butterflies take great care of them, fill the testicles with secretions of glands hardening in the air, and they produce capsules that are usually masked by the color of the surface (plant leaf, tree bark).

The next period is adolescence, and from the eggs larvae appear - caterpillars. They actively feed, grow rapidly, increasing body weight (sometimes tenfold!), And accumulate fat for the following transformations. The caterpillars have a gnawing mouth apparatus and feed on the leaves of plants. Often in the name of the butterfly is indicated the food preference of its caterpillar, for example: urticaria, burdock, cabbage soup. Sometimes the plant is indicated in the adjective: poplar lentochnik, willow peribus.

Each caterpillar has three pairs of jointed legs with claws and several (up to five pairs) false legs with bundles of claws, which allows it to cling to any surface. The caterpillars are very diverse in color and appearance, and some of them - bright green, red, yellow with colored touches - are just amazing! The bright color of the caterpillars often indicates: “Don't touch me, I'm poisonous!” The brown and green colors help the caterpillar to hide better, because it is very tasty for birds. Sometimes caterpillars look exceptionally nasty, for example caterpillars of urticaria or peacock eyes. Probably, many of you have seen in the summer, in the country, clinging to the nettle black-striped caterpillars in black setae. And if you look at them under a microscope - then these are creatures from horror movies! But this is also a protective disguise!

During the last molt, the caterpillar turns into dolly. The pupae are very cute and varied in color and shape. They do not eat, do not move, and usually hang, attached to branches, or lie loose on the ground, among the fallen leaves.

The day before the birth through the shell of the pupa it is already possible to consider the coloring of the wings of the future beauty of the butterfly. And if you're lucky, you can see how a butterfly hatches from a pupa, slowly turning folded wings - this is an amazing sight!

The pattern and color of the butterfly's open wings is completely different than the underside coloring. This is also a protective mechanism: folding the wings, the butterfly merges with the texture of the tree or sheet and becomes invisible to predators. And what a carved butterfly and lace edge of the wings!

The butterflies themselves feed on the nectar of flowers, and at the dacha I specifically grow onions, oregano, Persian lilacs and Sedums - the favorite melliferous butterflies.

The adult summer butterfly lives from several days to several weeks. Autumn butterflies remain to winter and can live more than ten months. Some butterflies fly five thousand kilometers! It was such a swallowtail that we saw on our road.

And once in the fall I brought thin cabbage cabbages grown by me into the city. And, apparently, the well-fed caterpillars of cabbage butterflies arrived with them. They crawled out, pupated and, clinging to the wall behind the refrigerator, hung there until the sixth of January. And imagine my amazement when at Christmas three white butterflies suddenly fluttered in my kitchen! Just miniature angels! Alas, their life was short: cold, boring, nothing to eat, although I put drops of honey and jam with syrup on the window sill, but they fluttered and fell asleep forever on indoor flowers. Unfortunately, I was not ready for their appearance.