Water in the human body

Water in the human body is involved in metabolic processes, nutrients and salts dissolved in water. Chemical processes in cells are possible only in the presence of water.

The role of water in the human body. Water is the most important part of the human body. It is 65% of the weight of an adult, in children up to 80%.

If a person can live for 30–40 days without food, then only 4–5 can live without water.

The value of water for the human body. Water participates in the regulation of body temperature: standing out with sweat, it evaporates and, cooling the body, prevents it from overheating.

The need for water on average is 2-2.5 liters per day. This need is satisfied approximately as follows: 1 liter in the form of drinking, 1 liter is contained in food, and 300-350 ml is formed in the body as a result of chemical transformations that occur in all cells and tissues.

The water is excreted from the body by the kidneys, sweat glands and lungs. The amount of water consumed and excreted approximately the same. Water demand often depends on the quality and quantity of food, ambient temperature, etc.

A person should consume as much fluid as necessary to cover all of its consumption, otherwise dehydration will occur and serious impairment of life will occur. With a prolonged shortage of water, the nervous system suffers, mental disorders appear. Periods of complete apathy and drowsiness are replaced by visual and auditory hallucinations and convulsions. The activity of vital nerve centers is violated - respiratory and cardiovascular. If these phenomena increase, death can occur.

A healthy person should not limit himself to drink, but it is useful to drink often and slowly. Drinking a lot of liquid at once, as some beer or tea lovers do, is harmful - you can overload your heart; because all the fluid is absorbed into the blood, and until its surplus is removed by the kidneys, the heart is given an excessive load.

Despite the fact that the human body consists of both water and solid materials, a much larger percentage belongs to the liquid. According to physiologists, water is the most important part of the body, the proportion of which reaches 70 percent. Consequently, in a body weighing 50 kilograms, the main part, i.e. 35 kilograms, belongs to blood, lymphatic and extracellular fluids. And only 15 kilograms are occupied by organs, i.e., solid components. Moreover, this ratio water content in the body   concerns adults. However, it is much higher in the early stages of life, especially in the period of prenatal development. The body of a newborn consists of water by 80 percent, the body of a seven-month fetus — by 85, and four-month — by 93 percent.

Three levels of fluid, and their ratio in the body

Internal body fluids do not mix. On the contrary, they are divided among themselves and distributed over different levels of the organism.

The first level of fluid is blood.
   The fluid closest to the surface of the body is blood. It is in the blood that the first substances from the outside enter - whether it is oxygen entering through the lungs, or nutrients coming from food. Blood occupies the upper compartment, accounting for 5 percent of body weight, and circulates through the veins, arteries and capillaries forming the circulatory system.
   Below is the level in which the extracellular fluid and lymph are located.

The second level of fluid - intercellular fluid and lymph
Extracellular fluidas the name implies, is located outside the cells. It surrounds them, filling the small spaces between them. Another name for this fluid is extracellular. It forms the external environment for cells, a kind of ocean in which they “float”. This fluid receives oxygen (in liquid form) and nutrients delivered by the blood, and then transports them to the cells - final processing points. Extracellular fluid receives from the cells products of processing and transfers them to the upper compartment, into the bloodstream; it in turn delivers them to the excretion organs - the liver, kidneys, etc., which these wastes are recycled and removed from the body (see. The balance of water in the body)

Located on the same level with extracellular fluid, lymph   removes some of the toxins from the cells and delivers them to the blood. It flows through the lymphatic vessels, flows into the bloodstream at the level of the clavicular arteries. Next, toxins directly enter the excretion organs. Lymph and extracellular fluid form 15 percent of body weight, which is 3 times more blood.

The third level of fluid is intracellular fluid.
   The next level, the third, the deepest, it belongs intracellular fluid. It is formed by all liquidsinside the cell. Despite the fact that the inner space of each cell is incredibly small, all together they create an impressive volume. Filling these cells intracellular fluid   forms half body weight. Oxygen and nutrients delivered to the cell by the extracellular fluid enter the intracellular fluid through the cell membrane. These substances are used by cell components (organelles) and the cell nucleus.

The body consists of water
   The body consists primarily of water. For example, the heart and lungs are 70.9 percent water, muscle 75 percent, liver 75.3 percent, and spleen 77 percent. Hence, the average water content in the body is 75 percent. The brain is the organ with the highest water content - 83 percent. For normal functioning it needs a sufficiently large amount of fluid. The brain receives 20 percent of the beneficial substances carried by the blood, although in itself it makes up only 2 percent of the entire body mass.

How can a watery body be hard?
   So how is it that our body, which is almost water, looks so solid? With the exception of a few parts of the body (skin, nails), in which the concentration of solid components is quite high (78 percent falls on the skeleton), the cells, paradoxically, seem to be solid due to the water in which they are filled. This phenomenon can be seen on the example of an ordinary garden hose: it is soft and flexible when empty, but becomes rigid and hard, barely filled with water. Water saturates the cells, crushes their walls, giving them a clear shape and elasticity.

Water is the basis of the human biological body, which contains 35–40 liters of intracellular and intercellular fluid. The cells of the body swim in the extracellular fluid, like fish in an aquarium. The greatest saturation with water is in the brain, liver, kidneys, lungs and glands. Water is the main lubricant in the joints. It also creates shock-absorbing water "pillows" in the intervertebral discs. Even bones are 20% water.

Man begins his life on Earth in the form of an embryo, which is 99% water. By the time of birth, water is 90% of his body. A child in childhood is more saturated with water, since the process of cell growth and division requires it in large quantities. Therefore, children drink a lot of fluids. By the time a person reaches adulthood, the water content is reduced to 70%. If he dies in old age, then by this time his body consists of water by about 50%.

About 5 liters of blood and about 2 liters of lymph flow through our arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels. We are a system of communicating vessels, through which flows of various liquids interacting with each other are continuously moving. They, like rivers, which at times turn into standing swamps or shrink, then stagnation and disease arise. And when the rivers accelerate again, everything falls into place. We feel the state of these rivers through our well-being.

All body functions depend on the rational movement of water in it. Its sufficient amount is the only way to ensure the access of water-borne elements (nutrients, hormones, etc.) to the most important organs. Without food, a person can live for about a month, spending accumulated nutrients in the body, provided that he drinks water. And without water, even a week will not survive, because the human body not has stocks liquidsable to support his livelihoods when there is no access to water sources.

However, there is a mechanism to help cope with periods of temporary water shortages. He prioritizes the blood supply to a particular part of the body by opening some capillaries and closing others. The order is determined in advance in accordance with the importance of the functions. The brain, lungs, kidneys, liver and glands gain an advantage over muscles, bones and skin in the process of blood circulation. Maintaining the constancy of the composition of the blood by the body due to fluctuations in the volume of water in some cells is a very delicate balancing mechanism. In the case of water shortage, some cells have to do without the usual norm, while others receive just as much as is necessary to preserve functions.

The lack of water in the body is indicated by a feeling of thirst, skin condition and color of urine. The color of urine in a person whose body receives an insufficient amount of water varies from dark yellow to orange. A well-saturated body produces lighter-colored urine. The physiological norm of water consumption is 30–40 g per kilogram of live weight daily. This is about 6–8 glasses of water. You should drink enough water to make the urine colorless .......

Need to drink water sips, several sips, fractionally, not in one gulp. With this method of drinking water very quickly absorbed into the intestines and dispersed throughout the body. There is the effect of "dropper". The peculiarity of this effect is that even if a person is predisposed to edema, they do not occur. And the usual edema associated with heart or kidney failure, as a rule, disappears after a few days.

Chronic lack of water in the tissues is the cause of most diseases. The human body does not have any means to retain excess water to create its supply. That is why we should drink water regularly throughout the day .......

Cellular and extracellular fluid in living organisms has an extremely high degree of orderliness, that is, it has an ice structure. provides the optimal course of redox reactions, the optimal level of metabolism and, therefore, the highest manifestation of the body of its vital functions. If an organism receives insufficiently structured water, then it has to expend its own energy, which is so necessary for physiological processes, to structurize ordinary water.

In the body of a newborn baby, almost all the water is structured. However, subsequently, with age, structured crystals become less and less. Due to the effects of pollutants, electromagnetic radiation and other harmful factors, crystal structures are damaged, diseases arise, the body begins to age - first at the cellular level. By mature age, the body may already contain from a quarter to a third of unstructured water .......

In the cells of our body there are small bodies -, - which are called “power stations”. In them, the processes of redox reactions take place, as a result of which the cell receives the energy necessary for all vital functions. But in the course of these reactions appear free radicals - negatively charged fragments of molecules. They are dangerous because they accumulate in the body and start an avalanche of oxidative reactions. This process is similar to the appearance of rust on iron products and causes accelerated aging of cells. Therefore, it is imperative that the internal environment of the body provides the dominance restorative reactions.

One of the most significant factors regulating the parameters of redox reactions is the redox potential (AFP) of this environment. The internal environment of the human body normally always has a negative value in the normal state .......

The ORP of drinking water is almost always positive, and this usually applies to all types of drinking water: and that flows from water taps in all cities of the world, and which is sold in plastic bottles, and which is obtained after cleaning in most filter systems. This difference in the AFP of the internal environment of the human body and drinking water means that ordinary water biologically not compatible   with the internal environment of the body, and the internal environment forced change   redox properties of drinking water when used in metabolic processes, spending valuable cell energy to ensure biocompatibility. As a result, the biological structures of the body (cell membranes, cell organelles, nucleic acids, etc.) are subject to constant energy weakening. The body gradually wears out, grows old, the functions of vital organs are hampered. However, energy can be saved if used for drinking. structured water   with certain properties close to the properties of water in the body .......

The end of the introductory version of a fragment of the book