Mayakovsky has a bad attitude towards horses. Mayakovsky "A good attitude towards horses

Subject: From 20th Century Literature

Lesson: Poem V.V. Mayakovsky "A good attitude towards horses"

Tall, broad-shouldered, with courageous and sharp features, Mayakovsky was actually a very kind, gentle and vulnerable person. He loved animals very much (Fig. 1).

It is known that he could not pass by a homeless cat or dog, picked them up, attached them to friends. Once in his room at the same time 6 dogs and 3 cats lived, one of which soon gave birth to kittens. The landlady ordered to immediately cover this menagerie, and Mayakovsky hurriedly began to look for the pets of new owners.

Fig. 1. Photo. Mayakovsky with a dog ()

One of the most soulful declarations of love for “our lesser brothers” - perhaps, in all world literature - we will find at Mayakovsky:

I love the beast.

You will see a little dog -

there’s one at the bakery -

continuous baldness, -

and then I’m ready to get a liver.

I don’t feel sorry, dear,

From the biography of V. Mayakovsky we know that he studied in Moscow at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, at the same time he was fond of a new direction in art, called FUTURISM, and socialist ideas.

Futurism   (from lat. futurum - future) - the general name of the artistic avant-garde movements of the 1910s - early 1920s. XX century., First of all, in Italy and Russia. The manifesto of Russian futurists was called "Slap in the face of public taste" (1912)

Futurists believed that literature should seek new themes and forms. According to them, the modern poet must defend his rights. Here is a list of them:

1. To increase the vocabulary by using arbitrary and derivative words (innovation word)

2. The irresistible hatred of the language that existed before them

3. With horror, to remove from your proud brow from bath brooms your wreath of penniless glory

4. Stand on a block of the word “we” in the midst of a sea of \u200b\u200bwhistles and indignation

Futurists experimented with the word, creating copyright neologisms. So, for example, the futurist Khlebnikov coined the name of the Russian futurists - the people of the future (people of the future).

Mayakovsky was arrested three times for participating in revolutionary circles, and spent the last 11 months in prison. It was during this period that Mayakovsky decided to seriously engage in literature. In Aseev’s poem “Mayakovsky begins” (Fig. 2), this period of the poet’s life is described in the following words:

Fig. 2. Illustration for Aseev’s poem “Mayakovsky begins” ()

And here he comes out:

big, long-legged,

splattered

glacial rain

under the broad-field

saggy hat

under a poverty-clad coat.

Around nobody.

Just a prison behind you.

Lantern to the lamp.

For a soul - not a penny ...

Moscow only smells

hotly

let the horse fall

sides breathing.

The mention of the horse in this passage is not accidental. One of the best poems of early Mayakovsky was poem "Good attitude to horses"(fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Illustration for Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude to horses” ()

Plot   it was prompted by life itself.

Once V.V. Mayakovsky witnessed a street accident, not uncommon in the starving Moscow of 1918: a weakened horse fell on an icy pavement.

June 9, 1918 in the Moscow edition of the newspaper "New Life" No. 8 was printed poem V.V. Mayakovsky "A good attitude towards horses."

The poem is unusual in form and content. Firstly, the stanza is unusual when the poetic line breaks and the continuation is written from a new line. This technique was called the "Mayakovsky ladder" and was explained to them in the article " How to make poetry?". The poet believed that such a recording gives the poem the desired rhythm.

Images in Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude to horses”.

Conclusion: in the poem Mayakovsky raises the moral problem of cruelty and indifference of the world in relation to the living soul. However, despite this, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe poem is optimistic. If the horse found the strength to rise and stand in the stall, then the poet concludes for himself: no matter what, it’s worth living and working.

Means of artistic expression

Metaphor. Unlike a simple metaphor, a detailed one contains a figurative semblance of a certain life phenomenon and is revealed throughout a segment or the whole poem.

For instance:

1. Wind opita,

shod with ice

the street was slipping.

2. And some kind of common

bestial yearning

splash spilled from me

and blurred in a rustle.

Stylistic tricks: assonance and alliteration. These are phonetic techniques that allow sounds to draw or convey an event.

Assonance:

The horse fell! -

A horse has fallen! -

With the help of vowels, the poet conveys the cry of the crowd, or maybe the neighing of a horse, its cry. Or the cry of a lyrical hero? These lines sound pain, groan, anxiety.

Alliteration:

crowded

laughter rang and tinkled

With the help of consonants, the poet conveys the unpleasant laugh of the crowd. Sounds annoy like the creak of a rusty wheel.

Onomatopoeia- one of the types of sound recording: the use of phonetic combinations that can convey the sound of the described phenomena

For instance:

They hit the hooves.

They sang as if:

Using two-syllable and monosyllabic words with repeating sounds, the poet creates the sound effect of a galloping horse.

Rhyme features

V. Mayakovsky was in many ways a pioneer, reformer, and experimenter. His poem, “Good Attitude to Horses,” surprises with its richness, variety, and originality of rhyme.

For instance:

Truncated, inaccurate: worse - a horse, onlookers - jingled

Uncomplicated: in wool - in rustle, stall - cost

Compound: howling at him - in his own way

Homonymous: go - a short adjective and go - a verb.

Thus, the author uses various literary techniques to create a vivid, emotional picture that will not leave anyone indifferent. This feature is inherent in all the work of Mayakovsky. Mayakovsky saw his mission, first of all, in influencing readers. That is why M. Tsvetaeva called him "the world's first poet of the masses", and Platonov - "the master of universal great life."

List of references

1. Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials in the literature. 7th grade. - 2008.
2. Tishchenko O.A. Homework on literature for the 7th grade (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). - 2012.
3. Kuteinikova N.E. Literature lessons in 7th grade. - 2009.
  A source).

Homework

1. Expressively read the poem by V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude to horses." What is the rhythm of this poem? Was it easy for you to read? Why?
2. Find the author’s words in the poem. How are they educated?
3. Find examples of a detailed metaphor, hyperbole, pun, assonance, alliteration in the poem.
4. Find the lines that express the idea of \u200b\u200bthe poem.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

They hit the hooves
   They sang as if:
   - Mushroom.
   Rob.
   Coffin.
   Grub.-

Wind opita
   shod with ice
   the street was slipping.
   Croup Horse
   crashed down
   and immediately
   for the onlooker of the onlooker,
   Kuznetskiy’s pants flared
   crowded
   the laugh rang and rang:
   - The horse fell!
   - The horse fell! -
   Kuznetsky laughed.
   I alone
   his voice did not interfere with him howling.
   Approached
   and see
   horse eyes ...

The street tipped over
   flowing in its own way ...

I came up and see -
   Behind the dripping cabbage
   rolls in the face
   hiding in the wool ...

And some kind of common
   bestial yearning
   splash spilled from me
   and blurred in a rustle.
   “Horse, don’t.
   Horse listen -
   what do you think you're worse?
   Baby
   we are all a little horse
   each of us has his own horse. ”
   May be,
   - old -
   and didn’t need a nanny,
   maybe my thought seemed to go to her,
   only
   horse
   rushed
   got to her feet
   ryanula
   and went.
   She waved her tail.
   Red child.
   Funny came
   became a stall.
   And everything seemed to her -
   she is a foal
   and it was worth living
   and it was worth the work.

Despite the widespread fame, Vladimir Mayakovsky all his life felt like a kind of social outcast. The poet made his first attempts to comprehend this phenomenon as a teenager, when he made his living by reading poetry publicly. He was considered a fashionable futurist writer, but few could suggest that behind the rude and defiant phrases that the author threw into the crowd, there is a very sensitive and vulnerable soul. However, Mayakovsky was able to perfectly mask his emotions and very rarely succumbed to the provocation of the crowd, which sometimes aroused disgust in him. And only in poetry could he allow himself to be himself, splashing onto the paper what was sore and boiling over his heart.

The poet took the revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm, believing that now his life will change for the better. Mayakovsky was convinced that he was witnessing the birth of a new world, more just, clean and open. However, he soon realized that the political system had changed, but the essence of the people remained the same. And it does not matter what social class they belonged to, since cruelty, stupidity, treachery and ruthlessness were inherent in most representatives of his generation.

In a new country, trying to live by the laws of equality and fraternity, Mayakovsky felt quite happy. But at the same time, the people who surrounded him often became the subject of ridicule and caustic jokes of the poet. It was Mayakovsky’s peculiar defensive reaction to the pain and resentment caused not only by friends and relatives, but also bystanders or restaurant visitors.

In 1918, the poet wrote a poem, "A Good Attitude to Horses," in which he compared himself to the driven nags, which became the subject of general ridicule. According to eyewitnesses, Mayakovsky really witnessed an unusual incident on the Kuznetsk bridge, when an old red mare slipped on an icy pavement and "crashed into a croup." Dozens of onlookers immediately ran up, who poked a finger at the unfortunate animal and laughed, as its pain and helplessness gave them obvious pleasure. Only Mayakovsky, who was passing by, did not join the joyful and hooting crowd, but looked into the horse's eyes, from which "he was rolling in the face behind a dripping droplet, hiding in the wool." The author is not struck by the fact that the horse is crying just like a man, but a kind of “animal longing” in her gaze. Therefore, the poet mentally turned to the animal, trying to cheer him up and comfort him. “Baby, we are all a little horses, each of us is a horse in our own way,” the author began to persuade his unusual interlocutor.

The red mare seemed to feel participation and support from the man, "rushed, got to her feet, bellowed and went." Simple human participation gave her the strength to cope with a difficult situation, and after such unexpected support, "everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living and working worth it." The poet himself dreamed of such an attitude on the part of people, believing that even the usual attention to his person, not covered by a halo of poetic glory, would give him strength to live and move forward. But, unfortunately, those around him saw in Mayakovsky primarily a famous writer, and nobody was interested in his inner world, fragile and contradictory. This oppressed the poet so much that for the sake of understanding, friendly participation and sympathy, he was ready to gladly switch places with a red horse. Because among the huge crowd of people there was at least one person who showed compassion for her, which Mayakovsky could only dream of.

Mayakovsky was an extraordinary personality and an outstanding poet. He often raised, in his works, simple human themes. One of them is pity and participation in the fate of the horse, which fell in the middle of the square, in his poem "Good attitude to horses." And people were hurrying and running around. They do not care about the tragedy of a living being.

The author, however, talks about what happened to humanity, which does not sympathize with the poor animal, where all the best qualities that are inherent in humanity have disappeared. She lay in the middle of the street and looked around with sad eyes. Mayakovsky compares people with a horse, implying that the same thing can happen to any of society, but around, they will continue to rush and race, hundreds of people and no one will show compassion. Many will simply pass and do not even turn their heads. Each line of the poet is filled with sadness and tragic loneliness, where, through laughter and voices, one can hear the sound of horse hooves moving away into the gray ceiling of the day.

Mayakovsky has his own artistic and expressive means by which the atmosphere of the work is escalated. To do this, the writer uses a special rhyme of lines and words, which was so characteristic of him. He, in general, was a great master in inventing new words and means, for a more clear and non-standard expression of his thoughts. Mayakovsky used precise and inaccurate, rich rhymes, with feminine and masculine accents. The poet used a free and free verse, which gave him the opportunity to more accurately express the necessary thoughts and emotions. He called for help - sound recording, phonetic speech means, which gave the work a special expressiveness.

In lines, sounds are often repeated and contrasted: vowels and consonants. Used alliteration and assonance, metaphors and inversion. When at the end of the poem, the red horse, having gathered his last strength, remembering himself as a little horse, got up and went down the street, clattering his hooves echoing. She was, as it were, supported by a lyrical hero who sympathized with her and condemned those who laughed at her. And there was hope that there would be good, joy and life.

Analysis of the poem. Good attitude to Mayakovsky horses

The poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude to horses" is one of the poetic and life-affirming poems of the poet, beloved even by those who do not like the poet's work.
  It begins with the words:

"They hit the hooves,
  They sang as if:
  -Mushroom.
  Rob.
  Coffin.
  Rude
  Wind opita
  shod with ice
  the street was slipping. "

To convey the atmosphere of that time, the chaos that reigned in society, Mayakovsky uses such gloomy words to start his poem.

And immediately imagine a cobblestone pavement in the center of old Moscow. winter cold day, a cart with a red horse in a harness and scribbling about their business clerks, artisans and other business people. Everything goes on as usual ....

I. O Horror "" Horse on the Croup
  crashed down
  and immediately
  for the onlooker of the onlooker,
  pants
  come
  Kuznetsk
  to flare
  crowded ... "

A crowd gathered right beside the old mare, whose laughter "rang out" throughout Kuznetsk.
  Here Mayakovsky wants to show the spiritual appearance of a huge crowd. There can be no talk of compassion and mercy.

But what about the horse? Helpless, old and exhausted, she lay on the pavement and understood everything. And only one (!) Man from the crowd went up to the horse and looked into the "horse's eyes," full of prayers, humiliations, and shame for his helpless old age. Compassion for the horse was so great that a man spoke to her in human language:

"Horse, don't.
  Horse,
  listen to what you think you are
  are worse?
  Baby
  we all
  a little bit
  horses,
  each of us
  in his own way
  horse."

Here Mayakovsky makes it clear that people who mocked a fallen horse are no better than the horses themselves.
  These human words of support created a miracle! The horse, as if they understood and they gave her strength! The horse jumped to its feet, "neighing and went"! She no longer felt old and sick, she remembered her youth and seemed to herself a foal!

"And it was worth living and working was worth it!" - Mayakovsky ends his poem with this life-affirming phrase. And somehow it feels good from such a denouement of the plot.

What is this poem about? The poem teaches us goodness, participation, concern for someone else's misfortune, respect for old age. A good word spoken in time, help and support to those who are especially in need, can turn a lot in the soul of a person. Even the horse understood the sincere compassion of man, addressed to her.

As you know, Mayakovsky in his life experienced persecution, misunderstanding, and denial of his work, so we can assume that he imagined himself to be the very horse that so needs human participation!

Poem analysis Good attitude to horses according to plan

The poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky, "Good attitude to horses," the young futurist poet created after the revolution, in 1918. Feeling an outcast in the society around him, Mayakovsky embraced the revolution with great enthusiasm, hoping for significant changes, both in his life and in the life of ordinary people, but he soon became disillusioned with its ideals, concluding for himself that although the political system and has undergone changes, the majority of people have remained the same. Stupidity, cruelty, treachery and ruthlessness remained a priority among the majority of representatives of almost all social classes, and it was impossible to do anything with this. Mayakovsky liked the new state, promoting the supremacy of equality and justice, only the people around him, causing him pain and pain, often received in return his evil taunts and stinging jokes, which acted as a defensive reaction of the young poet to insulting the crowd.

Problems of the work

The poem was created by Mayakovsky after he himself witnessed how on the icy bridge of the Kuznetsk bridge "a horse crashed down." In a straightforward manner characteristic of him, he shows the reader how this happened and describes how the runaway crowd reacted to it, for which the incident seemed very comical and funny: “the laughter rang and rang: - The horse fell! The horse fell! “Kuznetskiy laughed.”

And only one author, accidentally walking alongside, did not want to become part of the crowding and mocking crowd at the poor creation. He was struck by that “animal longing” that lurked deep in the depths of his horse's eyes, and he wanted to somehow support and cheer up the poor animal. Mentally, he asked her to stop crying and comforted him with the words: "Little girl, we are all a little horses, each of us is a horse in our own way."

And the red mare, as if sensing and realizing its kindness and warm participation in its fate, rises to its feet and moves on. The words of support that she received from a random passerby give her strength to overcome her problems, she again feels young and energetic, ready to continue the hard, sometimes overwhelming hard labor: “And it seemed to her all - she was a foal, and it was worth living, and it was worth working ".

Composition and artistic techniques

To convey the atmosphere of tragic loneliness, the author uses various artistic techniques: sound recording (transmitting the description of an object through the sounds made by him) - the sound of horse hoofs “mushroom, robbery, coffin, rude”, alliteration - repetition of consonants [l], [g], [p ], [b] to create a sound picture for readers clattering horse walking on the city bridge, the assonance - the repetition of vowels [y], [and], [a] helps betray the sounds of the crowd “The horse fell! A horse has fallen! ”, Horse cries of pain and yells of onlookers.

Mayakovsky’s work is especially sensual and original due to the use of neologisms (flare, sagas, opitis, bad), as well as vivid metaphors (the street overturned, longing spilled, laughter rang). The poem is rich in a variety of rhymes:

• Truncated inaccurate   (worse - a horse, an onlooker - began to jingle), according to Mayakovsky, it led to unexpected associations, the appearance of atypical images and ideas, which he really liked;
• Uncomplicated   (wool - rustling, stall - worth);
• Composite   (in his howl - in his own way, I alone - horse);
• Homonymic   (went - adjective, went - verb).

Mayakovsky compared himself to this driven, old horse, over whose problems everyone is laughed and bullied. Like this red-headed mare-worker, he needed simple human participation and understanding, dreamed of the most ordinary attention to his personality, which would help him live, give strength, energy and inspiration to go forward along his difficult and sometimes very thorny creative path.

It is very unfortunate, but the poet’s inner world, distinguished by its depth, fragility and contradictoriness, was not particularly interested in anyone, even his friends, which subsequently led to the tragic death of the poet. But in order to get even a little friendly participation, to earn a simple human understanding and warmth, Mayakovsky was not even against exchanging places with an ordinary horse.

“Good attitude to horses” Vladimir Mayakovsky

They hit the hooves
  They sang as if:
  - Mushroom.
  Rob.
  Coffin.
  Grub.-
  Wind opita
  shod with ice
  the street was slipping.
  Croup Horse
  crashed down
  and immediately
  for the onlooker of the onlooker,
  Kuznetskiy’s pants flared
  crowded
  the laugh rang and rang:
  - The horse fell!
  - The horse fell! -
  Kuznetsky laughed.
  I alone
  his voice did not interfere with him howling.
  Approached
  and see
  horse eyes ...

The street tipped over
  flowing in its own way ...

I came up and see -
  Behind the dripping cabbage
  rolls in the face
  hiding in the wool ...

And some kind of common
  bestial yearning
  splash spilled from me
  and blurred in a rustle.
  “Horse, don’t.
  Horse listen -
what do you think you're worse?
  Baby
  we are all a little horse
  each of us has his own horse. ”
  May be,
  - old -
  and didn’t need a nanny,
  maybe my thought seemed to go to her,
  only
  horse
  rushed
  got to her feet
  ryanula
  and went.
  She waved her tail.
  Red child.
  Funny came
  became a stall.
  And everything seemed to her -
  she is a foal
  and it was worth living
  and it was worth the work.

Analysis of Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude to horses”

Despite the widespread fame, Vladimir Mayakovsky all his life felt like a kind of social outcast. The poet made his first attempts to comprehend this phenomenon as a teenager, when he made his living by reading poetry publicly. He was considered a fashionable futurist writer, but few could suggest that behind the rude and defiant phrases that the author threw into the crowd, there is a very sensitive and vulnerable soul. However, Mayakovsky was able to perfectly mask his emotions and very rarely succumbed to the provocation of the crowd, which sometimes aroused disgust in him. And only in poetry could he allow himself to be himself, splashing onto the paper what was sore and boiling over his heart.

The poet took the revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm, believing that now his life will change for the better. Mayakovsky was convinced that he was witnessing the birth of a new world, more just, clean and open. However, he soon realized that the political system had changed, but the essence of the people remained the same. And no matter what social class they belonged to, since cruelty, stupidity, treachery, and ruthlessness were inherent in most of the representatives of his generation.

In a new country, trying to live by the laws of equality and fraternity, Mayakovsky felt completely happy. But at the same time, the people who surrounded him often became the subject of ridicule and caustic jokes of the poet. It was Mayakovsky’s peculiar defensive reaction to the pain and resentment caused not only by friends and relatives, but also bystanders or restaurant visitors.

In 1918, the poet wrote a poem, "A Good Attitude to Horses," in which he compared himself to the driven nags, which became the subject of general ridicule. According to eyewitnesses, Mayakovsky really witnessed an unusual incident on the Kuznetsk bridge, when an old red mare slipped on an icy pavement and "crashed into a croup." Dozens of onlookers immediately ran up, who poked a finger at the unfortunate animal and laughed, as its pain and helplessness gave them obvious pleasure. Only Mayakovsky, who was passing by, did not join the joyful and hooting crowd, but looked into the horse's eyes, from which "he was rolling in the face behind a dripping droplet, hiding in the wool." The author is not struck by the fact that the horse is crying just like a man, but a kind of “animal longing” in her gaze. Therefore, the poet mentally turned to the animal, trying to cheer him up and comfort him. “Baby, we are all a little horses, each of us is a horse in our own way,” the author began to persuade his unusual interlocutor.

The red mare seemed to feel participation and support from the man, "rushed, got to her feet, bellowed and went." Simple human participation gave her the strength to cope with a difficult situation, and after such unexpected support, "everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living and working worth it." The poet himself dreamed of such an attitude on the part of people, believing that even the usual attention to his person, not covered by a halo of poetic glory, would give him strength to live and move forward. But, unfortunately, those around him saw in Mayakovsky primarily a famous writer, and nobody was interested in his inner world, fragile and contradictory. This oppressed the poet so much that for the sake of understanding, friendly participation and sympathy, he was ready to gladly switch places with a red horse. Because among the huge crowd of people there was at least one person who showed compassion for her, which Mayakovsky could only dream of.